Abstract
This paper explains that, when Giuliani became mayor, New York was a crime ridden, welfare city, an undesirable place to live and especially to visit; however, by the time, he finished his second term, New York City was a very different place. The author points out that, to build the tourism industry, Giuliani changed the bureaucratic New York City Travel and Visitors Bureau to the marketing organization, NYC & Company, which knew how to target an audience and highlight the city's most sellable asset; its unique diversity found nowhere else. The paper stresses that the way Mayor Giuliani responded to the World Trade Towers bombing not only proves that a city can recover from such an incident but also even the travel and tourism industry can come back bigger and better.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Biographical Sketch of Rudy Giuliani
Rudy Giuliani: Crime Fighter and Reformer
The Rebirth of New York City Travel and Tourism
The World Trade Tower Bombings and New York City's Rebound
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Giuliani focused on the private economy as a driver of opportunity. He urged New Yorkers to take responsibility for their lives and for their well-being. He felt that the state should provide basic services, but that is all. The opportunities for prosperity rest on the shoulders of the people, not the state, according to Giuliani. This attitude shifted responsibility to the private citizens. It helped to instill a sense of pride and self-determination. This was the key factor in the ability to turn around the ailing city."

Tags:patriotic, marketing, crime, 9/11, diveristy

Abstract
This paper examines the charismatic leadership style of former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani in the aftermath of the events of September 11, 2001. The paper looks at Giuliani as a transformational leader, who inspired followers to forsake their self-interest for a larger goal. The paper also examines Giuliani's self-confidence and vision.

From the Paper
"There are trait theory, behavioral theory and contingency theory models of leadership. Many theories of leadership are transactional in nature, representing leaders who steer or motivate employees toward establishing..."

Tags:terrorism, terrorist, charismtic, trait, New York City, management, leadership, crisis, transformational

Abstract
The paper discusses New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani's implementation of a mandatory police response to various quality-of-life violations. The paper describes the enforcement of minor infractions and reveals that the implementation of this zero-tolerance approach under Giuliani achieved its objectives, but at a price that many citizens considered oppressive and in a manner that many police officers felt eliminated their power of discretion. The paper concludes that nevertheless, the quality-of-life focus is widely regarded as a successful program that achieved its major objectives.

Outline:
Introduction
The Relevance of the Broken Windows Concept to a Bustling Metropolis
Post-Giuliani Enforcement of Minor Violations

From the Paper
"In 1993, New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani implemented a zero-tolerance approach to criminal code enforcement that included mandatory police response to various violations, the lowest level of infraction set forth in the criminal code, below misdemeanors (Conlon, 2004). According to Giuliani, low-level violations, particularly those that relate to the so-called broken windows concept, detract from the overall quality of life of ordinary citizens.
"That initiative included a crackdown on minor infractions like squeegee solicitations, spitting in public, playing music that is audible to others on public transportation, unlawful assembly, and even "improper use of a milk crate" (i.e. sitting on it) that were appreciated more by some than others (Conlon, 2004)."

Tags:violations, infractions, law, enforcement, crime

Abstract
Rudolph W. Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City, began 2001 in relative national obscurity and was deemed by many to be a mediocre mayor at best. But, by the end of the year, in the wake of 9/11, Rudy Giuliani became a national hero. Giuliani was given an opportunity to demonstrate resolve, inner-strength, courage, and dedication to his cause and country in rare fashion. It was his steady gaze and reassuring voice that carried the day; much more so than President Bush's visibly shaken, uncertain, even frightened flight from city to city in the wake of the attacks. While our President was hiding in bunkers and on airplanes, Giuliani was at "Ground Zero", making himself useful in a direct and incredibly effective manner. There was no pretense, no fear, just a great man who had never had the opportunity to demonstrate that fact of himself. Leadership, true leadership, has inherent qualities that cannot simply be tried on. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the leadership qualities of Rudolph W. Giuliani and to demonstrate that his is an assured political future.

Tags:giuliani, and, leadership

Abstract
This paper illustrates the issues of large urban port cities as seen in Dublin and New York City. The paper provides an in-depth history of each city and compares the social issues of the urban environment, ethnic diversity, poverty and crime.

From the Paper
"New York City is generally considered the doorway to America. It is the largest city in the nation, seven million strong, and a main hub of financial activity. This is probably the most racially and ethnically diverse of the large American cities, the epitome of the melting pot. A third of the population is of African descent, fifteen percent are Jewish, twelve percent Hispanic. Other ethnic populations have a vocal presence, including the Irish, Italian, Chinese, Korean, Indian, and other Asians. If one city has represent urban America over the last 200 years, it would be the harbor city of New York, New York.

" Across the Atlantic ocean lies another city, a little farther from the ocean, though not much. It is the "fair city" of Dublin, that capitol of the Republic of Ireland. This is a fairly heterogeneous city, for it is the center of 4,000 year old struggle for cultural sanctity and independence. The vast majority of the citizens are Irish or British nationals, Christian and white. Most are Roman Catholic, and the largest "minority" are the British Protestants. One fourth of the citizens of Ireland, approximately 900,000 souls all told, now live in Dublin and its suburbs, and its name is becoming synonymous with Irish culture and tradition."

Tags:dublin, new, york, city, urban, city, cities, port, social, issue, environemnt, ethnic, diversity, poverty, crime

Abstract
This paper discusses how early Italian immigrants to New York City formed a counterculture exemplified by the Mafia and growing from poverty and rejection.

From the Paper
"New York City has historically been a recipient of large numbers of immigrants which set the stage for the development of the Italian counterculture. In half of the nation's immigrant population resided in only three states-New York Pennsylvania and Ohio and of these the state of New York harbored ..."

Tags:Italian, Mafia, New York City, immigrant, history, poverty, crime, counterculture

Abstract
The paper discusses the issue of curfew, its practice around the U.S. and whether New York City should implement a youth curfew. The paper's final analysis endorses the idea of a curfew as one step in preventing an increase in juvenile crime.

From the Paper
"Curfew Laws for New York City: Argument in Favor of a Curfew Law in New York City. Curfew laws are regulations which specify the hours that certain age groups must remain off public sidewalks and streets or in other public spaces. Most, but not all American cities, have some type of curfew laws in place. Such laws are generally intended to keep juveniles off the streets during certain hours, generally late evening and early morning, for their own protection and to prevent or retard juvenile crime."

Tags:curfews, New York City, juvenile crime

Abstract
This paper examines the modern history of New York City politics, from the late 1940's until today. The post-war demographics are discussed, including an overview of the emergence of the Jewish population and its influence in the city's political life. The paper provides a look at the various different mayors of the city over the decades. The paper emphasizes the extensive multicultural population of New York City and the importance of the political leaders to acknowledge this.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Late 1940?s and 1950?s and Wagner
The 1960?s and Lindsay
The 1970?s and Financial Crisis
The 1980?s and Koch
The 1990?s to 2001 and Guiliani
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Following World War II, the Tammany Hall political machine began to lose the nearly overwhelming power that it had once enjoyed. The emergence of Jewish and Italian populations challenged the old Irish dominance. Changes in the loyalties of Jewish and Irish voters brought new political figures to the forefront. Political parties such as the Liberal Party (primarily Jewish) began to exercise influence in elections."

Tags:tammany, hall, wagner, lindsay, koch, guiliani, mayor, elections, parties

Abstract
This essay examines the life and political career of Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia, and discusses the impact he had upon New York City, especially during the Great Depression of the nineteen-thirties.

Tags:BIOGRAPHY / TWENTIETH CENTURY, laguardia legendary mayor

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact that escalating real estate prices in New York City has on the lower and middle classes. More specifically, the paper focuses on how such prices are eroding the availability of affordable housing for the city's middle and lower class residents.

From the Paper
"The following report represents a comprehensive survey of literature pertaining to escalating real estate prices in New York City The focus of the report is how increasingly expensive real estate prices for both sale sand rentals are impacting the middle and lower-classes residing in the five-boroughs of New York City. The report includes an introduction that discusses the current affordable housing crisis in New York City including factors responsible for it..."

Tags:median income, median rent, Mayor Bloomberg, Bronx, Brooklyn, Harlem, Manhattan, Mitchell-Lama, Limited Development, property taxes, labor, business, renovation, construction costs, nonprofit organizations, HUD, federal and state subsidies, CDBG, HOME, ES