Abstract
The paper explains that professional wrestling, one of the most popular sports in America today, is an extremely violent sport that is built upon the centuries old theme of "good vs. evil," somewhat like a medieval jousting tournament. The author relates that, while many educators and parents seem to think watching televised wrestling matches creates more violence in their children, many others find their children are mature enough to recognize the difference between the reality of violence and the fantasy portrayed during wrestling matches. The paper concludes that the evidence, though certainly debatable, seems to point conclusively to televised wrestling creating more violence in children who watch it.

From the Paper
"The many fans of pro-wrestling (and there are many) do not think the violence is "over the top" or out of control. Doug Martin, a fan of professional wrestling for many years, and totally understands its current popularity. He says there is a "'constant search for new subcultures to enliven our entertainment diet.' Wrestling fills that void nicely, and its broad appeal is not unlike the intense popularity of NASCAR," he continues. Fans also say they know the moves are choreographed, but that is one of the reasons they love the sport. "That's just the point, wrestling fans say. They love the grunting moves and choreography for the same reason: Everyone knows they're orchestrated"".

Tags:jousting, television, educators, fantasy, popularity

Abstract
This paper tells us how the World Wrestling Association began and how Vince McMahon Jr changed it to become a popular family spectator sport. The paper explains that McMahon did this by offering lucrative contracts to top wrestling stars in other territories, began major network deals, made professional wrestling a spectacle for family entertainment. In addition, the paper relates how McMahon continued to capitalize the WWF market with other resources such as cartoons, toys and food products.

From the Paper
"After copyrighting the wrestlers and their character image, McMahon had made the WWF a brand name and a near monopoly in the wrestling industry. The WWF had become very successful and had overtaken its competition, at least until Ted Turner decided to enter the wrestling business. Turner started his own wrestling league called World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and was initially scoffed at by McMahon. With Turner's funds and network resources, the WCW gradually became more of a burden on the WWF and McMahon as the WCW began to acquire some of the older WWF superstars. The WCW began competing for Monday night airtime ratings by playing at the same time as the WWF. The strategy of the WCW was to mimic and outspend the WWF, and it began to payoff as the WCW became more popular."

Tags:McMahon, WWF, wrestlers, good, bad, guys, character

Abstract
The paper relates that Title IX mandates greater opportunities for female athletes in the educational setting. The paper then discusses how due to the Title IX law, schools have diverted revenue from male non-revenue sports to female non-revenue sports, instead of simply increasing funding for their female sports teams. The paper thus explains why the existence of college-wrestling programs have been threatened.


Outline:
Introduction
What is Title IX?
What Title IX Has Done for Women's Sports
Title IX's Perceived Impact on Wrestling
The Proportionality Requirement
The Misapplication of Title IX
The Social Issue
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Mention Title IX to college-sports enthusiasts, and one is liable to get a very passionate reaction, whether the reaction is good or bad. To many female athletes and their fans, Title IX has been an absolute boon, and they credit its protections with the development of modern female college athletic programs. While these programs certainly do not rival male athletic programs, they are far superior to the shoddy programs women had in the past. However, to many male athletes and their fans, Title IX has not been favorable. Male athletics have always been emphasized over female athletics in a college setting. While some advocates suggest that this emphasis reflects an underlying bias, others suggest that men are more likely to seek to enter into sports on a professional basis, making college athletics more practical for men."

Tags:college, gender, equality, funding

Abstract
This paper addresses the question: Does pro-wrestling cause violence in children? The paper presents both sides of the debate and cites sources and legal cases that support the arguments. A conclusion is drawn that finds that most of the evidence, although still debatable, indicates an increase in violent behavior in children who watch professional wrestling.

From the Paper
"While many educators and parents seem to think watching televised wrestling matches creates more violence in their children, many others find their children are mature enough to recognize the difference between the reality of violence and the fantasy portrayed during wrestling matches. Michael Cunningham, a professor and father of two young sons said, "'Some young people are able to recognize the distinction between entertainment in wrestling and what is permissible behavior in specific locations and real life'" (Billups 2). Children have more sense than we often give them credit for, and most understand that violence is society is unacceptable, while violence in a controlled setting, such as a wrestling ring, is quite another thing."

Tags:violent, sport, television, contest, bodily, harm, audience, film, media

Abstract
This paper explores the theories presented in Rabbi Steven Greenberg's book, "Wrestling with God and Men". The paper explains that Rabbi Steven Greenberg works to reconcile his love for God with his homosexual nature. Greenberg identifies himself as both a devout follower of God and the Jewish faith, but also identifies himself as having homosexual preferences. The paper also explains that the thesis of Greenberg's book is that the question whether homosexual activities are permitted in the Holy Scriptures is actually a moot point: Greenberg seeks to identify whether the nature of homosexual love is permitted.

From the Paper
"In his book, Wrestling with God and Men, Rabbi Steven Greenberg works to reconcile his love for God with his homosexual nature. Greenberg identifies himself as both a devout follower of God and the Jewish faith, but also identifies himself as having homosexual preferences. The thesis of Greenberg's book is that the question whether homosexual activities are permitted in the Holy Scriptures is actually a moot point: Greenberg seeks to identify whether the nature of homosexual love is permitted. In doing so, Greenberg transforms the question of homosexuality from one of sex to one of love, in which he asks how God can deny the nature of love through prohibition. The root cause of this problem is found in the passage "Va-yar Elokim et kol asher asah v-hinei tov meod" (Bereshis 1:31) or, translated, states "And G-d saw..."

Tags:homosexuality, judaism, god

Abstract
This paper studies how ancient Greek art and thought were affected by their sense of chaos in the world. The paper argues that, from at least the time of Homer, the Greeks displayed an anxiety about their chaotic world. The paper charts the evolution of their response to this chaos, both creatively and philosophically, as depicted in their art and writings. The paper then turns to Greek drama, which it asserts is the culmination of this evolution. The paper assesses how drama served as an inquisition into the nature of man and a fusing of humanist expression with religious tradition. The paper quotes from a variety of original texts to support its argument.

From the Paper
"As an early example of orally presented poetry, the Iliad is clearly an ancestor of drama on a technical level, both as performance art and as verse. The purpose of Homer's epic was primarily to provide a poetic record of an important event in the history of his people from which they could draw a sense of identity and pride after the fall of Mycenean society. In it, however, we can also see "three persistent themes of human interest: the nature of the supernatural, the intervention of the supernatural in human events, and acute observations about the behavior of men toward one another" (Hooper, 60). These themes would continue to influence the development of artistic expression and philosophic thought through Classical Greece and the rise of drama."

Tags:iliad, drama, tragedy, classical, greek, Milesian, antigone, Pericles, Athens, Homer

Abstract
While Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant present radically distinct perspectives upon our individual relationships with the larger polity of which we are components, it may be argued that both are wrestling with the same issues: social order; morality; and law. This essay will attempt to explore the similarities and differences in these philosophers' analyses of human society, its laws, and the degree to which humans are subject to imperatives beyond themselves. As will be seen, while Kant approaches from these issues from a reasoned perspective, Hobbes approaches them from the basis of what would be ultimately more practical in terms of our knowledge of human experience and human nature. However, as will be argued, Hobbes' approach is the more persuasive of the two given its grounding in self-interest and incentive as opposed to assumptions of human rationality.

From the Paper
Topic Two: Hobbes and Kant on Laws and Legislators While Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant present radically distinct perspectives upon our individual relationships with the larger polity of which we are components, it may be argued that both are wrestling with the same issues: social order; morality; and law. This essay will attempt to explore the similarities and differences in these philosophers' analyses of human society, its laws, and the degree to which humans are subject to imperatives beyond themselves. As will be seen, while Kant approaches from these issues from a reasoned perspective, Hobbes approaches them from the basis of what would be ultimately more practical in terms of our knowledge

Tags:hobbes, kant, incentive

Abstract
This paper explains that the quest for the gold medal and the residual fame and fortune forces younger athletes from college and high school to over-train, especially in wresting where there is a motivation to reduce weight and perform at a lower weight category to have a superior strength advantage. The author points out some of the symptoms of over-training are the decreased ability to perform in terms of strength, power, muscle endurance, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility, a decreased in tolerance to training, prolonged recovery times, altered resting heart rate, chronic fatigue, involuntary eating disorders, disruptions in menstrual cycles, and psychological problems. The paper proposes that IgA, a protein of the family of immunoglobulins found in the mucus membrane of the mouth, be used as a marker of over-training.

Table of Contents
Preamble
The Problems
Dehydration
Over-Training
Symptoms of Over-Training
Injuries from Over-Training
Physiological Markers
Guidelines to Avoid Over-Training
Over-Training and A Weakening Immune System
Supporting Evidence for Proposal
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Profile of Mood States is an important psychological marker that can be used to create an emotional profile of an athlete. This is a high profile often used questionnaire than is extensible to different surroundings. The original questionnaire contained sixty-five questions. Later the questions were reduced to thirty. Test subjects often have to rate different psychological parameters on a scale of one to five. One being "no influence;: five being "completely affected." The questionnaire is subdivided into six subheadings: Tension-anxiety, Depression-dejection Anger-hostility, Vigor-activity (physical or mental strength), Fatigue-inertia (Remaining inactive) and Confusion-bewilderment. In order to avoid confusion with the answers of athletes who might not be completely forthcoming Morgan and co-workers developed graphical representations of the Profile of Mood States. This is called the Morgan Iceberg profile."

Tags:rehydration, cortisol, iga, weight, women

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to provide an exegesis of a portion of Genesis regarding the meanings and implications of the change of Jacob's name to Israel. The plan of the research will be to set forth the background and context of the events in which the name change is described, and then to discuss ways in which the change reaches narrative and theological meaning for the writers of Genesis and the audience at which the book was directed.

Jacob's name change is specifically cited in two places in Genesis, at 32:23-31, when the angel that Jacob wrestles with says that Jacob's future name will be Israel, and at 35:10-12, when God appears to Jacob and more formally blesses him and designates the change. The most important feature of the background of and context for these passages is the status of Jacob.."

Abstract
The paper discusses the similarities between Sumo wrestling, martial arts and baseball. The writer notes that one of the influences on the Japanese culture is in connection with cheering. The writer details similarities and differences between Japanese and American sports events. The writer explains that the Japanese, who are usually more staid than Americans, cheer quite boisterously at sports events. In conclusion the writer states that American sports have influenced Japanese culture in all areas, including in the business culture, which is seen in the use of brand promotions at sports events.

From the Paper
"One example of the way American sports has influenced Japanese social forms is the way Japanese fans participate in cheering. The Japanese are generally courteous and take care not to embarrass a person before a group. They are especially polite when greeting strangers, and are slow to express their feelings to outsiders. However, none of these customs are evident in cheering at a sports event. "As such, the game here is slower paced and more strategic in Japan than its American forerunner. Also, Japanese teams revolve around their managers, who put their players through rigorous practice routines and spend a lot of time on the field during games in strategy sessions. Finally, baseball in Japan is more of a collective enterprise, and players don't receive the same attention and adulation that their colleagues in the United States enjoy."

Tags:baseball, sumo, wrestling