Abstract This paper discusses the exotic objects in modern astronomy known as wormholes. It describes the theoretical proof for the existence of the wormholes and shows how it is connected with the theoretical analysis of black holes. The paper also discusses the important developments in the theory of wormholes that have been made over time. Finally, the paper briefly looks at the possibilities that the theoretical prediction of wormholes has raised in science.
From the Paper "Among these exotic objects are wormholes. Wormholes are the result of the theoretical speculation derived from analysis of Einstein's general theory of relativity. (Kaku, 2005; Holman et al., 1997) So far nobody was successful in observing such an object or proving its existence in any other way. They can be understood as the tunnels that connect two points in space-time in such a way that the travel between the two points might take less time than the travel through the normal space. Like a real tunnel they have two "mouths" connected by a "throat" (Holman et al. 1997). Theoretical predictions of wormhole existence raised many possibilities, which include travel in time (both in the past and in the future), entry to the parallel universes allowed by modern inflation theory etc. These are the center of both scientific and philosophical speculations. (Hawking, 1996)"
Abstract This paper is an in-depth treatise on the subject of black holes (it does not contain any sophisticated math). A black hole is a region of space where matters collapses in upon itself toward an infinite density, thereby endlessly increasing its mass and gravitational pull. It details the evidence for their existence both theoretical and empirical and describes the debates concerning their fundamental nature (how they warp time and gravity). It evaluates theories by Einstein and Stephen Hawking as well as related phenomenon such as white holes and wormholes.
From the Paper "Man has always looked into the heavens and questioned the nature of the universe around him. Through the science of physics he has created such seemingly basic and ubiquitous concepts as time, mass, weight, and gravity. Held to be absolutes, these conceptual building blocks allow him to define, categorize, and relate the objects he discovers in the vastness of space. And without argument, his definitions and equations intercalating these abstractions hold true - except in one specific locus of space. A region of mystery possessing infinite depth yet of finite size, detectable in space yet emitting no electromagnetic radiation, an enigma of nature that beckons to be resolved. An entity first described as a "frozen star" but then later dubbed a "black hole" by John Archibald Wheeler. What is this black hole?"
