Abstract
This paper explains that Canada does not provide child care allowing for the full employment of parents and, notably, working mothers who make up a large proportion of adults responsible for maintaining viable households. The author points out that the issues of childcare pertain not only to child poverty but also to matters that indicate the need for a national childcare directive. The paper relates that the 2007 Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit is a step forwards in aiding families with childcare expenses and promoting daycare expansion; however it does not promise practical help for families who are struggling. The author states that more poor Canadian mothers are moving to low income, ghettoized areas, which more often give access to subsidized child care facilities but at a price of exposure to crime and criminality.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Universality as Policy Defect
Who can Afford Childcare?
Assumptions to do with Mothers
'Working Class Child Care'
Observations of Social Welfare Research
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Critics note that Denmark's policy addresses a small territory and a population below 6 millions yet the model of compulsory facilities seems a fine starting place for what might occur in the Canadian provinces to follow the example of Quebec. In general, one wishes effort was made to explore examples around the world and the costs and benefits of programs encouraging the rise of daycare facilities, programs to make care affordable and all manner of bridges to help unemployed or low income parents to achieve both needed daycare and employment, along with affordable housing, towards a more constructive solution to socioeconomic problems than what is now seen in Canada."

Tags:deductibility, grandparents, breakdown, poverty, entrapment

Abstract
This paper evaluates the reasons for non-parental child care in today's day and age due to demographic changes in the structure of the family and the need for mother's to work. It examines the results of several surveys on the direct effect of this type of care on child development and outlines the options which are available to families who are concerned for their child's early development, but are also in need of two incomes.

From the Paper
"Historical changes in family and economic trends have created the need for non-parental child care through a number of different societal changes. The move of families from the farms to urban settings and increased school attendance for children resulted in a reduced need for the mother to remain at home. Over time more women have been joining the work force, which has lead to an increase of financially independent women as well as less financial interdependence between wives and husbands. Society has also witnessed increased levels of divorce and children born out of wedlock. These changes in social trends have resulted in the majority of children living in one parent families or dual-earner families, which has consequently created an increased number of children requiring non-parental care for a large portion of each working day (Hernandez, 1995.)"

Tags:mother, work, force, child, care, facility, environment, society

Abstract
This paper discusses the recent phenomenon of working women leaving their professional careers in order to stay at home and care for their children. The paper analyzes the history of working women and how the trends have changed over time. The paper discusses ways to assist women so that they can manage to work as well as care for their children.

Table of Contents:
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
Literature Review
Work Life Programs
Telecommuting
Child Care Solutions
Job Sharing
Chapter Three
Discussion
Chapter Four
Future Considerations
Chapter Five
Conclusion

From the Paper
"For the past four decades working mothers have become a common place event. The value that they add to the national economy, the workplace environment, and the overall picture with regard to employers can be measured through the study of past research. Working mothers have recently begun to give up on trying to handle work stress and family stress and have begun abandoning professions and jobs to stay home with their children. Indicators of increased depression and other issues are beginning to surface through this occurrence and it is important to design and implement solutions that will allow working mothers to continue in their jobs while at the same time be able to address family needs."

Tags:job share, telecommute, child care

Abstract
Many new mothers have deep concerns that returning to work shortly after giving birth and leaving their baby in a child care facility every day could have a detrimental effect on the baby's ability to recognize its mother. They have a tendency to believe that frequent contact with their baby is necessary in order for a mother-child bond to form, develop, and be maintained. Consequently, they wonder if child care is always bad for babies and young children.

From the Paper
Working Mothers and Child Care: An Analysis Many new mothers have deep concerns that returning to work shortly after giving birth and leaving their baby in a child care facility every day could have a detrimental effect on the baby's ability to recognize its mother. They have a tendency to believe that frequent contact with their baby is necessary in order for a mother-child bond to form, develop, and be maintained. Consequently, they wonder if child care is always bad for babies and young children.

Tags:child, attachment, issues

Abstract
In this article, the writer addresses the important factors affecting child care use and its implications on the child's cognitive and social outcomes. The writer maintains that both theory and empirical evidence suggest that the influence of parents on children's social development is continuous across the life span. Much of that influence is established during early childhood, providing the foundation upon which children view the socialization process later in life. The writer discusses that concurrent experiences including changing parental styles may also alter the trajectory path for social behavior predicted by early childhood attachment patterns. The writer concludes that cultural influences and other factors not covered in this paper must also be taken into account so that child social development may be viewed as universal but not necessarily uniform across societies.

From the Paper
"The decision on whether to use child care or not ultimately depends on the parents' needs and circumstances. Some parents do it for financial reasons such as mortgage responsibilities and lifestyle choices. However, as mentioned earlier, the most common reason for using child care is the mother wanting to return to work. Studies show that women who are first-time mothers, highly educated, and have higher socio-economic status are more likely to return to work earlier than others. Although society in general still believes in the traditional view that mothers are the best to take care of their babies and must therefore sacrifice career for family, there is strong ongoing evidence that mothers take care of their children better if they feel secure in whatever role they fulfill, whether as a paid employee or a homemaker. In other words, it is not working or staying at home full-time per se that matters but the mother's attitude and feelings towards her role."

Tags:babies, mother, career, maternal, work

Abstract
Fifty years ago it was common to find the American family consisting of a mother, father, and two children. The father went to work, while the mother performed her motherly duties throughout the day. This paper explains how, over the last few decades, however, the work of the woman has shifted dramatically. Women are entering the work force at a higher rate, and with this, their motherly duties are shifting. It shows how some women are now perform these duties after their shift at work outside the home, and while they are at work, their children are placed in child care. Only after understanding the history of child care, the types of child care, and the government involvement in child care is it possible to know how the changing of family dynamics has resulted in the need for child care.

From the Paper
"Once women began to enter the workforce, more and more mothers decided to join with other women and go to work. This caused these mothers to take on twice the responsibility as other people because they now had two full time jobs. "Working mothers still do twice as much housework as their husbands, and more than half of all women questioned expressed at least some dissatisfaction with the amount of help their husbands provide around the house" (Morin and Rosenfeld 1998 A1). This responsibility of raising children while working is not limited to women though, increasingly men are becoming the caretaker of children and they face the same struggles. The continuation of women in the workplace, while extremely stressful, is a result of the feeling of satisfaction that comes with a job. According to Clarke-Stewart (1993), "They get more satisfaction from outside work than nonworking women do from housework. They feel better about themselves as individuals and as competent achievers. They feel healthier, more independent, and in control of their lives" (2). However, with this sense of independence comes a feeling of overwhelming responsibility."

Tags:childcare, government, head, high, kindergarten, nursery, pre, school, start

Abstract
The paper discusses the concern of new mothers that leaving a baby in a child care facility will diminish its ability to recognize its mother. The paper explains that those who select a good child care facility have little reason for concern about attachment. The paper looks at the sociological research that has proven that high-quality child care is beneficial for babies and young children and does not diminish attachment to the mother.

From the Paper
"Many new mothers have deep concerns that returning to work shortly after giving birth and leaving their baby in a child care facility every day could have a detrimental effect on the baby's ability to recognize its mother. They have a tendency to believe that frequent contact with their baby is necessary in order for a mother-child bond to form, develop, and be maintained. Consequently, they wonder if child care is always bad for babies and young children.
"I can offer reassurance in response to these concerns, for many sociological studies have been conducted in order to identify the influence of childcare on babies and young children, and most of these studies indicate that there are no negative effects. For example, Bengt-Erik Andersson's (1992) research and analysis of this issue indicates
that child-care is beneficial for babies. He studied socioemotional behavior such as attentiveness versus distractibility, impulsivity and short temper, assertiveness, and interactions with others, and none of his study results "indicated negative effects of day-care during infancy.""

Tags:parenting, bond, development, interaction

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that cases of child abuse in all its types continue to increase in the past years, some occurring in child care centers or committed by babysitters and other child caretakers. The writer notes that symptoms of abuse may also indicate the quality of care. Further, the writer discusses that parents must also contend with the high cost of quality day care services and risk the possibility of their children developing poor social skills in these child care centers. The writer also points out that current research showed that regular day care does not have to interfere with the emotional connection between a working mother and her infant. The writer concludes that adequate provision for the child's basic physical needs, the feeling of being valued, being allowed to play and the mother's personality traits weigh much more heavily.


Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Hypothesis
Method
Findings and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Meyerhoff discusses how the economic, cultural and social revolution in the country 50 years or so ago has driven young women and mothers to join the workforce. To adjust to the change, child care centers were set up to keep the children while their parents worked. Scientific evidence stands that children raised primarily at home develop much better social skills than those who spend a lot of time in group care. These young children in the company of other young children in group care learn social skills among themselves through imitation and operant conditioning. Every child will try some strategy, which will get him what he wants. In addition, many parents have started to feel guilty about separating from their children and leaving them in the care of others. They wish the situation could be more beneficial. Parents can make the arrangements needed to address this problem, but they should not be distracted away by modern conveniences from the fundamentals of authentic human development. When a problem turns up, the author invites parents to focus their attention on the expectations they place on the child's behavior rather than on the child's behavior itself."

Tags:development, group, care, healthy

Abstract
Given the economic realities of twenty-first century North American society, the traditional nuclear family model - working father, homemaker mother - is no longer a sustainable unit. Since the 1970s mothers have increasingly worked outside the home, both full-time and part-time, in order to provide their families with added income. However, as this paper will argue, the phenomenon of working mothers is a dilemma for modern women as they are torn between the demands of paid work and the demands of child care. Inadequate daycare services, and the continuation of traditional (sexist) models of the division of housework, have led to increased levels of dissatisfaction among working mothers.

Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of child care. It starts off by providing a history child care and brings us to the present day hurdles facing this topic. With the modern day phenomena of single and teenage mothers, alternative child care facilities need to be made available at educational institutes. This paper provides a broad look at child care in the US, focuses on Alabama and finally on Troy State University.

From the paper:

"Day care is most often thought of as a contemporary issue. On the contrary, most American mothers, whether in urban settings or on farms, were responsible for much more than child care. Before the idea of day care was conceived, mothers often depended on family members, older children, and other women to look after their children. It was not until the 1800s that American urban middle class society originated the stay-at-home mother concept.

In the late 19th-century, privileged, affluent women founded day nurseries to meet the needs of poor and working class mothers who were employed to support their children. There were more than five hundred nurseries across the country by 1912. Initially, day care was offered as charity to the deserving poor. It was not the intent of these nurseries to encourage mothers to work outside the home. "

Tags:nursery, facility, nursing, care, provisions, trends, working, society, education, development, tradition, options, alternatives