Abstract
This paper examines how in the last fifty years our society has made unprecedented strives towards improving the status of women. According to the paper, women have been relentless in carving a place for themselves within the business, educational and political arenas of the society. As a result, today, women have much more power then ever before. This is reflected in the area of work, with more than half of the labor force being made up of women

From the Paper
"In the last fifty years or so, our society has made unprecedented strives towards improving the status of women. Women have been relentless in carving a place for themselves within the business, educational and political arenas of the society. As a result, today, women have much more power then ever before. This is reflected in the area of work. More than half of the labour force is made up of women (Brym, 1995). However, the participation of women in the workforce has also become an economic necessity, because there are less secure full-time jobs and many families today need the dual income. Although many things have changed for women in..."

Tags:women, work, equality

Abstract
Although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not been achieved. This paper l argues that this is because women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs, that they are underrepresented in certain professions and in more prestigious positions with power, and that they often do the 'second shift' of housework which is undervalued. The paper looks at how women still form the major part of part-time and temporary workforce, and women and men are occupationally segregated, with women concentrated in jobs stereotyped as "women's jobs" (nursing, clerical child care, retail). The paper also examines how women are poorly presented in science, computer science and engineering occupations, which are often very prestigious and well paid and how this job inequality is rooted in the broader social inequality, which separates boys and girls from an early age, and which still sharply defines male and female roles with the family and society at large.

From the Paper
"One of the biggest indicators of the lack of equality between men and women is the fact that women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs. Women earn about 30% less than men do in corresponding full time jobs (Nelson, 2006). The figures are similar according to Statistics Canada (2000) "Women generally have lower incomes than men. In 1997, the average annual pretax income for women aged 15 and over from all sources was $19,800, just 62% the figure for men". On the other hand, Davies et al (1996) show that the wage gaps are smaller among younger age groups, nevertheless, "Women earn between 62% and 65% of what men earn" (Wilson, 2005) and "the gender wage gap is widespread and exists in all occupational categories" (Nelson, 2006)."

Tags:male, female, workforce, jobs, salary

Abstract
This paper examines the role of Puritan women in their homes and the larger community. The writer details the responsibilities of a Puritan woman, describing her household and child-rearing tasks as well as her charitable works. A brief description of their religious outlook and witchcraft is also presented. The author contends that Puritan women saw a life of toil as a religious obligation.

From the Paper
"According to Christine Leigh Heyrman, Puritan women, beginning in the early to mid 1600's in Pre-Colonial America, played numerous major roles in regard to work and religion and were quite knowledgeable on a wide variety of topics, especially those related to child-rearing, household duties and serving the Church. Yet despite being "subordinate to their husbands" at both home and church, "Puritan 'goodwives' played an important part in the economies of their households and husbands entrusted them with a wide range of practical responsibilities" ("Religion, Women and the Family," Internet), including maintaining the needs of the household and actively performing in church functions while leading a "Puritan" lifestyle based on religious purity, chastity and devotion to one's family, husband, children and fellow men and women and their communities."

Tags:pre-colonial, America, family-life, Protestantism

Abstract
This paper examines the challenges faced by women when they belong to a trade union. Specifically, it focuses on the barriers to becoming active members in their unions that women face. Additionally, it considers how women's working- time is divided between home and work.

From the Paper
"Unions were established by workers for the protection of workers. Over the years, this aspect of organized labour has enabled workers to improve their conditions in many ways. However, for women, belonging to a union can pose special challenges. Women face specific barriers to becoming active members in their unions - such as the fact that their working time is divided between home and work. This essay discusses these barriers, as well as the strategies and methods women have used to overcome these barriers, to press for change in the union movement, to raise issues of concern to women, and to obtain more equal representation. It will also..."

Tags:trade, union, women

Abstract
This paper explains that, in "Professions of Women", Virginia Woolf contended that in the future barriers to professional women and careers would be eliminated. The author reviews current views of Woolf's argument.

From the Paper
"In "Professions of Women", Virginia Woolf told a group of women that her own profession as a writer offered fewer experiences for women than any other. Woolf felt that she did not deserve to be called a professional woman."

Tags:women, gender, Virginia Woolf

Abstract
The paper relates that the field of social work is a nurturing and caring profession that has drawn women to its ranks since the inception of the science. The paper discusses what social work is and explores the history of the social work field and the women that were instrumental in its development. The paper explores how women contribute positive elements to the field of social work today and shows how female social workers may be better equipped to empathize with the client than their male counterparts.

From the Paper
"Around the world children and adults are aided by social workers. Whether it is an elderly women living alone who needs help with her Medicare paperwork or a child in foster care as his parents try to overcome drug addictions, social workers are woven into the fabric of society on many different levels. The field of social work is a nurturing and caring profession that has drawn women to its ranks since the inception of the science. It is one of the few professions that women have been involved in from the beginning and continue to provide support and strength to it today."

Tags:female, welfare, empathy, care

Abstract
This paper will argue that Canadian attitudes towards Asian migrants is subtly (and sometimes, not so subtly) racist with respect to their contribution to this country. Although Chinese workers have literally helped build this nation from the time of its foundation, they have never received credit for this. In particular, an anti-racist feminist analysis will reveal how the lives and work of women of Asian descent in Canada has been defined for generations by a complex intertwining of racist and sexist stereotypes.

Abstract
The paper contends that the concept of freedom central to Mill's critique of the status of women is as valid today as it was in 1869. The paper explains Mill's definition of freedom as having complete freedom of choice and argues that this concept of freedom should be used as a guiding principle for social and political change. The paper concedes, however, that it is unlikely we will ever reach this degree of freedom for all.

From the Paper
"Mill defines freedom as the ability to freely choose what one does in life. As an example, he points out that all men (in the more developed world) have the right to choose a profession that suits them. This enables them to make the most of the natural talents at their disposal. For example, a man with strong arms might choose to be a blacksmith, whereas a man with very weak arms is unlikely to make that choice, as he will not be able to be competitive in that field, and so will not make as much money as he might in a field that he was more suited to."

Tags:freedom, choice, coercion, discrimination

Abstract
This paper discusses the barriers that women face to becoming active members in trade unions. The paper then describes the strategies and methods women have used to overcome these barriers in order to press for change in the union movement, raise issues of concern to women, and obtain more equal representation. Finally, the paper evaluates to what extent these actions been successfully translated into negotiating collective agreements that reflect issues of concern to women.

From the Paper
"Yet another barrier is that women are all too often excluded from jobs considered "male" - which are almost invariably the better paid jobs. For example, Luxton and Corman (1991) document the extraordinary struggle that women had to wage to get jobs in the steel industry with Stelco (the Steel Company of Canada). In this struggle they were backed by the United Steelworkers of America Local 105, as well as an ad hoc committee. Luxton and Corman (1991) highlight the sheer sexism which conspired to keep women out of these higher-paying jobs. All of this suggests that true pay equity will not be achieved until society itself is fundamentally restructured under feminist principles - and none of us should make the mistake of holding our breath waiting for that."

Tags:equality, labor, maternity, patriarchal, wages

Abstract
The following issues along with the statistical facts and figures are discussed in this paper: Women Working In Law Enforcement, Women Working in the Courts, Women Employed in Adult Corrections, Women Working in Juvenile Corrections, Gender Bias: The Glass Ceiling and Organizational Culture, Organizational Culture Survey, Gender-Neutral Employment, Females as Correctional Officers, Proven affects of Female Employment in Criminal Justice.

From the Paper
"For more than 80 years, in the United States, women have been engaged in police work, where their concerns of considering the participation in law enforcement and career advancement had remained stable for almost sixty years. However, it was not until the 1960s, when legislation and judicial participation started in backing women's demands for equality, perform their duties and the responsibilities then began to expand (exhibit 4-2). It was since then, that the opportunities for women in policing improved. However, female police officers still continue to make slow progress in regard to their ranks."

Tags:adult, affects, bias, ceiling, correctional, corrections, courts, criminal, culture, culturein, employed, employment, enforcement, female, females, gender, glass, justice, juvenile, law, officers, organizational, profession, proven, survey, terms, women, working