Abstract
This paper addresses research which clearly indicates that women can have an influence in philanthropy. The paper further cites that women are active and concerned givers who choose to give to causes that will create a better society. Additionally, the paper shows some of the differences in women's giving over men's giving and the process by which they give.

From the Paper
"Women have long been considered the more nurturing of the two sexes. Women give birth and then traditionally raise and nurture the children, care for spouses, and nurse the sick and elderly. But is the "nurturing" sex also the "giving" sex? The answer to that question would seem to be "yes." According to research, women philanthropists give to improve the world around them, rather than for personal gain. But do women really differ in their giving patterns from men? How do women respond to being approached for giving? Are there some query methods that they prefer? If they prefer not to be approached, how do they choose the charities to which they give?"

Tags:women, philanthropy, charity

Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between women and philanthropy. It discusses if women differ in their giving methods from men and how women respond to being approached for giving to an organization. The paper also examines whether there are certain query methods that women prefer and if they prefer not to be approache as well as how they choose the charities to which they give.

Table of Contents:
Stereotypes in Philanthropy
Do Men and Women Really Differ?
How Do Women Give?
Approaching Women
What Rewards are there for Philanthropy?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to the Council of Michigan Foundations [CMF] (n. d.) "women take philanthropy personally" (p. 7). Women need to be drawn into committing funds to a cause. They may feel the need to volunteer before donating money, feeling that they want to be part of the process (CMF, n. d.). However, women's giving is also affected by the age of the women being approached, based on their attributes and the issues that affect their cohort. In addition, women often become involved in charitable causes through personal relationships, such as friends, family, and business relationships. Frequently, the best way to reach them is through women's networks, although women with professional advisors can be reached through those individuals or organizations (CMF, n. d.)."

Tags:charity, fundraising, volunteer, donate

Abstract
This paper introduces Susan McCaslin's poem in the light of her well known mystical interests that some see as typical of much literature from British Columbia. The paper provides a discussion of BC's unique historical culture shaped by mountains and the Pacific coast, by no means a cultural backwater, as ideas arrived from Pacific USA as well as Britain. The paper addresses the philanthropy that promoted public libraries, the sponsorship of the arts, and private presses. The paper shows how McCaslin's poem is brief but presents themes popular in BC which is known as a cultural world apart.

From the Paper
"Susan McCaslin is a poet, academic and instructor of English Literature and Creative Writing at Douglas College, Coquitlam and lives in Langley, British Columbia. McCaslin studied at Simon Fraser University from the late 1960s and completed her doctorate at the University of British Columbia. McCaslin's poem "Just an Ordinary Woman" is typical of much work she has produced that stresses the human condition in mystical terms that often refer to Christian allegories. The poem is an excellent starting place..."

Tags:mccaslin, br columbia, mystical lit

Abstract
This paper explores author Bell Hooks' theoretical perspective on blacks and feminism. Hooks claims that the major cause of oppression to black women came from many sources including white women interested in their own personal gain at the expense of black women and the black men interested in keeping them as second class citizens. This paper discusses the exploitation of women during the slave trade as one of the pioneering ways in the continuing devaluation of black women. The writer contends that Hooks' novel contains relevant research and subsequent evidence that clearly details why a gap still exists between black and white women. The writer of this paper stresses Hooks' desire for all women to bond together and for the struggle for equality to end.

From the Paper
"In her research of the exploitation of slaves, Hooks' expertly does not focus on the sexual atrocities committed upon black women. She in fact details the effect brutalizing black women has on the black man, white man, and the white woman. Hooks explores the possibilities of the potential personal gain from dehumanizing black women, some of which include stereotypes/jealousy of the sexuality of a black woman, and "demasculating" the black man (psychological removal of his masculinity) in relation to exploiting 'his' woman. Bell Hooks' research into the hypocrisy of the feminist movement as it relates to white woman is the principal reason why many African American women, myself included, do not want any active participation with the women's movement."

Tags:racism, slavery, women, gender, equality, literature, review, rights

Abstract
The following paper will look at twentieth century Canadian working class history with an eye towards exploring the challenges facing women in Canada's workforce. In particular, the next several pages will look at the historic attitudes which kept women out of many jobs and time will also be set aside to looking at the difficult job positions and work conditions - often tenuous, rarely well-paying - that women were forced to accept if they wanted paid employment. The essay will then examine the hostility which is also prevalent (or can be prevalent) in non-traditional sectors when women start intruding upon a space that has always been, definitively, male. From there, a significant portion of time will be devoted to highlighting how Canada - despite its public proclamations to be an enthusiastic supporter of women's rights - has done little to help busy professional women balance a career and the chores of being a mother. Last of all, the paper will conclude by underlining the simple, yet unpalatable, fact that sexist attitudes and stereotypes continue to pop up in the Canadian workplace (and in Canadian public life) despite vigorous efforts to stamp them out. In summation, the things that are holding Canadian women back today are attitudinal, cultural and - given the absence of appropriate day care centers - structural. Until these matters are addressed, women will continue to struggle without success to achieve full equality with men.

From the Paper
Twentieth-Century Canadian Working Class History: The Historic Challenges Facing Women in Canada's Workforce The following paper will look at twentieth century Canadian working class history with an eye towards exploring the challenges facing women in Canada's workforce. In particular, the next several pages will look at the historic attitudes which kept women out of many jobs and time will also be set aside to looking at the difficult job positions and work conditions - often tenuous, rarely well-paying - that women were forced to accept if they wanted paid employment. The essay will then examine the hostility which is also prevalent (or can be prevalent) in non-traditional sectors

Tags:challenges, women, workforce

Abstract
This paper reviews Colleen Purdon's bookf "Rural Women Speak about the Face of Poverty" which shows that women living in rural areas have as much problems with poverty as women living in urban areas. The paper further notes that while women are affected by poverty, little research has been completed on the problems that rural women who live in poverty have. The report shows why women live in poverty, the problems women have that are caused by poverty, the research methodology used, and the recommendations to help women who live in poverty.

From the Paper
"A review of 'Rural Women Speak about the Face of Poverty' written by Colleen Purdon (2002) shows that women living in rural areas have as much problems with poverty as women living in urban areas and in some cases, the problems of poverty are even worse. "Women are also affected by poverty in different ways, depending upon their age, race, ethnicity, linguistic background, ability, sexual orientation, citizenship etc." (Morris & Gonsalves, 2007, par. 2). While women are affected by poverty, little research has been completed on the problems that rural women who live in poverty have. The report shows why women live in poverty, the..."

Tags:women, rural, poverty

Abstract
The following paper will look at how colonial policies were aimed at regulating and controlling women - and, especially, native women. Specifically, the next few pages will look at how the Dutch East India Company encouraged concubinage (with native women acting as the concubines) so that young employees could remain productive and even establish roots in the local area. Similarly, prohibitions on marriage were put in place to keep European women out while ensuring that employees could devote their full energies to the tasks at hand. Additionally, when European women finally did arrive, they were subjected to "protective laws" that really were meant to keep in place racial and gender reifications. Not to be forgotten, popular notions of eugenics inevitably emerged that cast native women in a subordinate, lowly light. Finally, the cult of domesticity was often ruthlessly imposed upon native peoples as a means of transporting European domestic sensibilities to the tropics.

From the Paper
How Colonial Practices/Policies Led to the Regulation of Gender Relations - with Attention Being Paid also to the Control of Native Women The following paper will look at how colonial policies were aimed at regulating and controlling women - and, especially, native women. Specifically, the next few pages will look at how the Dutch East India Company encouraged concubinage (with native women acting as the concubines) so that young employees could remain productive and even establish roots in the local area. Similarly, prohibitions on marriage were put in place to keep European women out while ensuring that employees could devote their full energies to the tasks at hand. Additionally, when

Tags:native, women, colonies

Abstract
The following paper will look at the challenges women face in the twenty-first century workplace. The place will look, first and foremost, at the absence of childcare facilities for working moms and the pressure this creates; the paper will also look at the strain that invariably attends being a pregnant woman working in a job where insufficient accommodations have been made to reduce workload and stress. From there, the paper explores the sensitivity women have towards unsafe working conditions, the apparent susceptibility of women to job-related stress (at least in one high-stress occupation)and it is duly noted how a hostile work environment(particularly in fields men have traditionally dominated) can increase stress in women who find themselves in the uncomfortable role of trail-blazers. Last of all, the obstacles women face in the industrial setting will be explored - though it does not automatically follow that women are universally more vulnerable than men when it comes to suffering work-related injuries in jobs requiring heavy physical labour. In any case, the challenges women face today are less than they were a couple of generations ago - but there are still impediments to female workers finding the workplace a congenial and secure environment wherein they will have access to the support systems they need.

From the Paper
The Challenges Women Face in the Workplace The following paper will look at the challenges women face in the twenty-first century workplace. The place will look, first and foremost, at the absence of childcare facilities for working moms and the pressure this creates; the paper will also look at the strain that invariably attends being a pregnant woman working in a job where insufficient accommodations have been made to reduce workload and stress. From there, the paper explores the sensitivity women have towards unsafe working conditions, the apparent susceptibility of women to job-related stress (at least in one high-stress occupation)and it is duly noted how a hostile

Tags:challenges, women, workplace

Abstract
This paper, which favorably describes the current Islamic regime in Iran, explores the roles of women in both the religious and work worlds. The author begins by describing the role of women according to the teachings of the Koran. The paper further examines the role of women in Iranian society both before and after the Islamic Revolution. The author concludes by stating Iranian women are progressively getting higher educations and achieving more status in the work place. Ultimately, the author believes women will achieve an influential position in Islamic Iranian society.

Outline:
Introduction and Cultural Background
The Iranian Revolution and the Situation of Women
Women and Employment
Figure 1. Women aged 10 and Above, Employed in Cities and Villages
Figure 2. Literacy Rate of Females Aged 6 and Above (in percentage)
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There is a general perception in the West that the ethical treatment of women in Islamic countries amounts to gender discrimination, oppression and a transgression of basic human rights. This view does not conform to the foundational Islamic teaching. This can be seen from the very outset in the way that the Koran describes the creation of women. In the Holy Scriptures there is no implicit difference made in terms of status or intrinsic value between male and female. In ethical terms, while there are obvious differences between men and women, these gender differences do not impact or affect ethical values and treatment of women. Men and women are seen to be essentially the same in terms of relative value and status. "Despite the distinctions between the treatment of men and the treatment of women when the Qur'an discusses creation of humankind ...there is no essential difference in the value attributed to women and men. There are no indications, therefore, that women have more or fewer limitations than men." (Wadud 15) "

Tags:women, Iran, Islam, Muslim, employment

Abstract
This paper explores the example of New York state's Delany sisters who died in the late 1990s, well over 100 years old and how their lives promised their remarkable longevity. The paper explains that they valued their background, they had the stimulation of succeeding as African-American professional women against the odds and had a spirit of philanthropy with which they were raised. The paper shows how they did not just have interests or jobs; they lived their lives, and were each others' best friends through each chapter. The paper offers notes on spirituality and values as sources of mental stability and inspiration, social relationships, family and having pride in one's accomplishments.

From the Paper
"This paper discusses the late Delany Sisters, as they have become something of an American institution, in the light of recent models of lifespan development. These models ask us to examine aspects of development and periods of adulthood in stages of young, middle and late, as opposed to earlier models that recognized the shift to adulthood rather than a continuum. (Papalia et al: 2000:6f) One sees in the example of the Delany Sisters that different meanings were attached to different stages of their lives; factors that pertained to their gender, to their African-American background, education, health, their family of origin and a philosophical approach to the world."

Tags:delany, life, longevity