Abstract
The paper discusses how, in Japan, women's literature since the late 19th century, has had particular forms expected whereby the woman who writes from her heart and reports details of life is seen as less significant than the woman whose work somehow complies with established traditions of form, subject and genre. The paper provides examples from East Asian literature to support its arguments.

From the Paper
"It is as though women's subjectivity, in their authentic expression, must crack through barriers of slightly different kinds, as both societies need to take on a new understanding of how women fit into literature and ideas. In the meantime, a wise approach is one of reading Chinese or Japanese works by women as direct accounts, trying to put aside preceding forms, concentrating on what the writer is trying to convey, more than the nature of her environment or the social or political environment. One knows that the women, not the Chinese outlook or the Japanese society's sexism, will be seen as problematic, as is well understood by women writers in both countries. Whatever appears will be assessed in relation to how well it fits with a tradition to have gone before and with criticism likely of that which diverges. Many things have not been good about women's experience in modern China or Japan at different times or in particular situations. At the same time, many things have been appreciable, as needs to be kept in mind by non-East Asian readers who may be quick to criticize the societies described or the condition or women within them. It is tremendously important that women in both China and Japan be encouraged to express themselves, as individuals, so that women's literature in both countries can be seen for its different vantage points and ideas."

Tags:authentic, expression, social, themes

Abstract
This paper refers to literary criticism which addresses the challenges faced by current Japanese and Chinese women as authors. According to the paper, the former has regarded female literature as properly fitting with established forms. The paper further notes that the challenge for Asian female writers is to convey direct, subjective experience in ways to crack through social barriers.

From the Paper
"Women's experience in modern East Asian societies has been taken up as a separate area of study that tells a good deal of alternative experience through great social and political events. One finds in some cases that the experience of women has been completely different from that of men in societies that have been notoriously patriarchal, at least in relation to what is argued of Western societies. Time and space need consideration in evaluating all `women's literature', as do factors of geography and, particularly, history. However, some critics have had the habit of ignoring the voice of the author, in the case of Chinese literature..."

Tags:china, japan, women lit

Abstract
This paper examines how the history of East Asia in the modern period from 1400 to 1900 is commonly viewed through the lens of the Europeans who came to trade, convert, loot, and conquer during this time. It discusses how although it cannot be denied that the arrival and eventual dominance of the Europeans over the international relations of the Sinic world was of great significance in the history of the region, it may be argued that simply by shifting our perspective we may obtain a more accurate analysis of this era in East Asian history.

From the Paper
" The history of East Asia in the modern period - from 1400 to 1900 - is commonly viewed through the "lens" of the Europeans who came to trade, convert, loot and conquer during this time. While it cannot be denied that the arrival and eventual dominance of the Europeans over the international relations of the Sinic world was of great significance in the history of the region, it may be argued that simply by shifting our perspective we may obtain a more accurate analysis of this era in East Asian history. "

Tags:china, west, history

Abstract
This paper begins by briefly outlining the astronomical pace of economic growth in the East Asian NICs. It then explores the course of development's relationship to development theory. It asserts that the neo-liberal link between economic development and democracy and greater equality is dismissed by the experience of the NICs. However, the dependency/world system approach, currently expressed in globalization, is affirmed by the recent history of the East Asian NICs and the present situation.

Tags:east, asian, nics

Abstract
This paper examines the controversial "miracle" of the East Asian economies in an attempt to determine whether it was truly a miracle or merely a fortuitous combination of beneficial factors. The paper explains why the phenomenon was an actual miracle. The paper contains a table of contents, abstract, introduction, background, analysis, conclusion, references, and appendices.

From the Paper
"The East Asian economy experienced a phenomenal growth spurt unlike any that had taken place in any region of the world prior to that. The unprecedented sustained economic growth of the region was so remarkable, that analysts have spent years trying to determine just what caused this phenomenon to come about. The issue has been controversial, because some believed that the growth of the economies was miraculous. They..."

Tags:East Asia, miracle economies, flying geese, capital, investment, World Bank, Miracle Report

Abstract
The East Asian financial crisis was an important developmental economic event in that region. This paper attempts to put that financial crisis in perspective. The paper examines the speculation on whether the region still might suffer from or be prone to the effects of such a financial crisis. The paper also explains that the East Asian financial crisis can best be characterized as a currency crisis.

Outline:
I. Introduction
Motivation
Problem Definition
Goals and Objectives
Significance of Study
Summary of Results
II. Literature Review
Relative to Prior Research
Relevant Literature
Theory and Methodology
III. Methodology
Relation to Previous and Present Literature
Hypothesis Formulation
Advantages and Limitations
Plan of Analysis
IV. Data Collection and Analysis
Results and Explanations
Achievement of Goals and Objectives
V. Implications and Policy Recommendations
Implications
Policy Recommendations

From the Paper
"The 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also known as the IMF crisis, caused the contraction of many formerly robust East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The crisis began in Thailand and quickly spread throughout the region with sudden devaluation of currencies, stock markets and various other economic structures (Li). One unique characteristic of the East Asian financial crisis was not that it occurred but that it spread like a pandemic from one economy to the other in the region. The problem examined here is whether these conditions or characteristics that led to the financial crisis in the region persist in any real sense."

Tags:capital, flow, Korea, Malaysis, economy, capialist

Abstract
This is an anthropological paper rooted in discussions with university students of different East Asian origins, mainly in Toronto. The paper refers to literature that tends to criticize cultural conflicts and those of generations, whereas students appreciate some aspects of their families of origin and note how Toronto offers many choices due to large, well-established East Asian communities. The writer points out that students were more inclined to joke about tradition and parents' ideas, than to complain about them. The writer also discusses dating, a 20th century phenomenon in East Cultures, that takes on forms of its own and can be superior to other social life for students.

From the Paper
"For a Canadian post-secondary student of East Asian origin this paper was interesting to research. It is clear that young people of East Asian heritage gain other views of proper social life than in the day of their parents or grandparents. The 20th century saw the creation of a new courtship in East Asian countries and cultures as explained in Kendall's study of Korean cultural change. If one sees a broader world of Chinese-influenced cultures that are very old, it is predictable that some ideas linger and students who contributed to this paper did not see them as binding or `bad'."

Tags:eastasians, dating, toronto

Abstract
This paper discusses the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and how it represented not only a shock to the regional economies of East Asia but, in a larger context, a blow to the confidence of global financial markets in the fundamental structural soundness of East Asian economies. The paper points out that the East Asian economies that were at the center of the crisis - in particular, Thailand and South Korea - were also among those being most highly praised for their market liberalization and fiscal prudence during the regional economic boom of the 1990s. This, in particular, represented troubling concerns for the global economic community in terms of the validity and trustworthiness of assessments of East Asian economies. With this in mind, this paper considers whether it is safe to assume that the crisis is truly over.

Tags:finance, economic, asia

Abstract
The paper discusses the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also termed the IMF crisis locally within the region, that saw the downturn of many East Asian and Southeast Asian economies. The paper explains that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) received much of the blame due to its handling of the crisis. The paper focuses on the IMF efforts in South Korea and reveals that the IMF today is moving toward a less restrictive and more realistic system.

Outline:
Introduction
The East Asian Economic Crisis
South Korea
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The South Korean Central Bank was forced to expand its open market operations (OMO) in order to attempt to stabilize its currency. By elevating the amount of OMO in terms of their own securities, Central Banks attempt to control extreme devaluation in times of stress or manage exchange rates in a more stable fashion (Guille 57). For South Korea, contracting the amount of currency through sales of securities was extremely important in controlling the free-fall of the Won during the extent of the crisis."

Tags:currencies, devaluation, stock, market, assets, economy, World, Bank

Abstract
This paper makes use of three cases to show the incorrectness of the past notion of East Asian isolationism. Eurocentric ideas about Tokugawa, Japan, Qing, China, and Choson, Korea are examined as examples of these incorrect notions of static Asian societies. The paper includes notes on different stereotypes to emerge from different approaches to East Asian history.

From the Paper
"A basic error of Eurocentric ideas of East Asian history can be seen in thumbnail sketches of Tokugawa Japan, Qing China, or Choson Korea. First of all, they upset ideas of static Asian societies in which little changed till the arrival of Westerns, as in ideas of Asian xenophobia in Japan and China, in particular, or references to a chronic isolationism that, actually, can be seen as ordinary protectionism. Blaut explained how models of European or other Western diffusionism have had a strong power over ideas of the West's impact upon the non-Western world, for good or ill, towards several assumptions that have only been upset, in the last few decades."

Tags:tokugawa, china, korea