Abstract
This paper explains that, on the American continent, the NAFTA agreement between Canada, Mexico and the U.S.A. has been responsible largely for the liberalization of economies, privatization and deregulation, which have all impacted the workforce, particularly women. The author points out that globalization has brought about an unequal structure of the global economy in which corporations are creating labor segregation, paying the most minimum wages possible and providing the least amount of labor regulations, all of which cause social and economic marginalization of women. The paper relates that various trade agreements push countries to privatize public resources causing a shift away from welfare and social programs such as social insurance, health care, child-care and childcare subsidy. The author stresses that the new jobs created for the sole profit of the employers are usually lower-paid, part-time or contract flexible work having no benefits.

From the Paper
"One example of such harassment and discrimination is cited by Quintero-Ramirez, (2002). She describes how managers are often able to request a medical examination to show that a job applicant is not pregnant. Because of deregulation, the working conditions in these factories are often unsanitary and even dangerous, and inadequate or non-existing healthcare often exasperated the health impacts suffered by these women workers. These women work for minimum wages while foreign countries reap most of the benefits. The maquiladora sector is of particular importance because it has grown 89% in the period between 1995 and 2000 . The managers of these manufacturing plants often prefer to hire women because of the patriarchal beliefs that women are more docile and better suited for boring repetitive jobs. "

Tags:deregulation, maquiladora, harassment, home-based, neo-liberalism

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts women in the workforce in Mexico and Canada. The paper opines that work and the workplace of both countries is dominated by globalism, which is a male dominated sphere as thus disadvantageous to women both in Canada and in Mexico. The paper explains that women in the workforce of Mexico are analyzed through the global commodity chain, while for the women in the Canadian workforce, the focus is more on the impact of the neoliberal policies.

From the Paper
"The age of globalization has opened up global markets to free trade. Technological developments have allowed companies to expand internationally and the unrestricted mobility of capital and goods allows the multi-national corporations to set up headquarters, production and marketing in different locations in the world. In the context of the American continent it is the NAFTA agreement between Canada, Mexico and the USA that has been largely responsible for the liberalization of economies, privatization and the deregulation that have all impacted the workforce and in particular the women within the workforce. This paper ..."

Tags:equality, female, labor, third, world

Abstract
The writer of this paper discusses the enormous progress made by women in the workforce over the years. This paper focuses on two main issues faced by women in the workforce which are: Finding the equilibrium between work and family life and learning to thrive in a male dominated business world. This paper delves into differing cultures such as Islam in order to better understand the role of women in the workforce around the world. This paper also discusses how women in America have scaled the upper rungs of the corporate hierarchy or who hold high positions in fields such as education and government and suggest that the 'glass ceiling', a frequently used term, is actually non-existent. This paper examines the achievements made by women in terms of representation which have been quite significant.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Balancing Work and Family
Winning at Work
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"The next stage for women in the settling down period is the devotion to family role mainly the maternal role. Many women in this stage spend a lot of energy than men in bringing up their children as they see their children grow and move from preschool to junior school. An approach towards work that does not stress career in relation to family persists for women till the middle adulthood stage till the forties, and then things start changing. After bringing up their children they have more time and energy for their careers. At this stage, most men undergo sore midlife problems, while women experience greater boldness and professional achievement at work. This being their delayed and final chance to make a mark in their profession, most women who are currently let free from the prevailing tasks of family roles relate themselves to work with improved interest and energy."

Tags:women, labor, business, family, childcare, feminism

Abstract
This paper focuses on women who worked during WWII in Great Britain. It covers the different aspects of women in the work force and the history of their involvement with the war.

From the Paper
"Throughout history, women have been involved in the complications of War, and have survived the many hardships and adversities associated with a country at war. During WWII, women in Great Britain were compelled to serve their country by engaging in "War Work" activities, and replacing men who were at war in factories and other skilled labor jobs. World War II presented the opportunity for women in Great Britain to mobilize in society by earning higher "male" wages in factories, and acquiring the necessary skills to play an important role in the battle their country faced. Many women faced the dilemma of choosing between their domestic duties, and their desire to actively participate in the war effort."

Tags:women, working, labor, force

Abstract
The paper focuses on the extensive ad campaign that was launched to attract women into the workforce for the first time in American history. The paper closely examines several advertisements and shows how they were designed to make working seem patriotic and essential to the United States winning the war. The paper then discusses how the groundwork had, as a result, now been laid for the postwar employment of women not only in the aircraft industry, but in labor positions of all calibers. The paper further discusses how since women had proven their value to the people, they were ready to fight to keep their position in the paid workforce, and in this way, they changed the face of American business and society.

From the Paper
"Throughout American history, advertising has played an influential role in the shaping of our culture and society. Never has this been more apparent than during World War II when an enormous ad campaign was launched to attract women into the workforce for the first time in American history. In 1940, President Roosevelt announced an emergency plan to turn out at least 50,000 planes a year. As millions of American men were leaving to fight overseas, the government began to realize that it would be necessary to find replacements for all of their jobs at home in the U.S. Taking notice of the availability of women on the home front, an extensive advertising campaign was developed to urge women into filling the voids left in the labor market."

Tags:advertisements, employment, aircraft, industry, independence, factories, patriotism

Abstract
This paper focuses on the increase of women in the workplace, and the resulting effects on women's stress levels and overall health, and the well-being of families. The paper explains that, over the second half of the twentieth century the United States experienced a shift in traditional roles for women, as they moved from a majority of home-makers to a majority of wage earners. Although there are benefits that have been realized with the added income, there are also negative physical and mental side effects that have resulted from this shift as well. One of the most damaging of these negative side effects is the stress that comes with the responsibility of preparing for and maintaining a job or career. In addition to the stress itself, conditions related to the stress are also a major concern in the shift from home to work force, specifically stress related weight gain. This paper presents statistical information on the trend toward women in the work force and shows how the stresses of employment and career preparation, combined with the biological wiring of women, is manifesting itself in the form of unprecedented weight gain in the population of the United States, especially among women.

From the Paper
"This alone is not earth shattering news, as we are all aware of this trend, but the chain reaction that this started and the damaging effects of it are just starting to be realized and understood. Due to the imbalance between the two environments compromises had to be made. As more hours were being dedicated to work, this meant that fewer hours were left for care giving, which resulted in a shortage of this necessary resource (Stebbins, 2001, p. 40). In 1990 the National Child Care Study was released and indicated a shortage of infant and child care in the United States, and further showed that more than 3.5 million school-age children were spending time after school unsupervised. To make matters worse, we are also entering a period where, due to the baby boomer generation, the percentage of elderly persons that also require care is increasing dramatically as well. In fact, it was estimated that in 1995 almost 1 in 4 households were providing care for persons over the age of 50 (Stebbins, 2001, pp. 105-107). Not only did the situation created by this shift fit the definition of stress, but the employment created a source of stress in itself."

Tags:labor, obesity, weight, gain

Abstract
The paper is an observation analysis as to why we find women in the workforce today. The paper explains the reasons for this phenomena and continues by highlighting how effectiveness and usefulness alters with the progression of age. The paper utilizes a specific example and follows the work cycle as this person increases in age.

Outline:
Introduction
Findings/observations
Critical analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Dolly has worked at the same restaurant for 18 years. Her shift use to be 6-11pm, but she no longer feels comfortable driving home so late so Dolly asked for her shift to be 4-9pm. Dolly also no longer is able to work 5 nights a week like she did for 12 years. Her back became arthritic and the pain of working 5 shifts is too much for her to handle--she asked to be cut down to 4, then 3 and just yesterday she asked for only 2 shifts a week. The other girls she was hired with are still physically able to work their 5 shifts, but have cut back along with Dolly for other reasons such as babysitting grandchildren, no longer need the money, no longer need the social aspect, managers are too young and inexperienced and etc. Physically they are all fine, but a car accident Dolly had in her mid-twenties has caused arthritis in her joints and swelling to some discs in her back between her shoulder blades. Dolly still needs the money--her husband died 8 years ago of a fatal heart attack and financially they were not prepared."

Tags:education, work, management, age

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the changing nature of women's employment in Japan. The paper examines traditional roles of Japanese society, traditional societal attitudes about the role of women in Japan and how Japanese women themselves have largely seen their role in society. The paper also examines how, slowly, these roles and attitudes are changing and looks at the factors that have contributed to these changes. The paper concludes with a look at what Japanese women and society can do to help promote the prospects of women in the future.

From the Paper
"As the female share of the labor force rises, the labor force overall may appear to respond less flexibly to changes in aggregate demand, and Japan may witness an initial slowing of productivity growth, since many of the women who enter the labor force will have less experience and training than their male counterparts. The male-female wage gap has recently begun to widen, partly as a result of the changing composition of the female labor force. However, as more and more women become permanently attached to the workforce, increases will probably occur both in their productivity and in their relative wages."

Tags:formal, sector, reductions, fertility, higher, measured, family, income, domestic, responsibilities

Abstract
The following paper will look at twentieth century Canadian working class history with an eye towards exploring the challenges facing women in Canada's workforce. In particular, the next several pages will look at the historic attitudes which kept women out of many jobs and time will also be set aside to looking at the difficult job positions and work conditions - often tenuous, rarely well-paying - that women were forced to accept if they wanted paid employment. The essay will then examine the hostility which is also prevalent (or can be prevalent) in non-traditional sectors when women start intruding upon a space that has always been, definitively, male. From there, a significant portion of time will be devoted to highlighting how Canada - despite its public proclamations to be an enthusiastic supporter of women's rights - has done little to help busy professional women balance a career and the chores of being a mother. Last of all, the paper will conclude by underlining the simple, yet unpalatable, fact that sexist attitudes and stereotypes continue to pop up in the Canadian workplace (and in Canadian public life) despite vigorous efforts to stamp them out. In summation, the things that are holding Canadian women back today are attitudinal, cultural and - given the absence of appropriate day care centers - structural. Until these matters are addressed, women will continue to struggle without success to achieve full equality with men.

From the Paper
Twentieth-Century Canadian Working Class History: The Historic Challenges Facing Women in Canada's Workforce The following paper will look at twentieth century Canadian working class history with an eye towards exploring the challenges facing women in Canada's workforce. In particular, the next several pages will look at the historic attitudes which kept women out of many jobs and time will also be set aside to looking at the difficult job positions and work conditions - often tenuous, rarely well-paying - that women were forced to accept if they wanted paid employment. The essay will then examine the hostility which is also prevalent (or can be prevalent) in non-traditional sectors

Tags:challenges, women, workforce

Abstract
This paper reviews the enormous strides that have been made by Canadian women in recent decades. It discusses how since the 1970s, the number of women attending graduate school, entering the professions and involving themselves in the political process has climbed steadily. The paper then examines how far women have come and whether or not more needs to be done to adequately represent females at the highest reaches of public policy.

Tags:canada, politics, women