Abstract This paper explains that in order for workfare programs alternatives to be viable, the American political system will need to change current attitudes regarding corporate free reign and social responsibility. It explains that restrictions and penalties will need to be levied against multinational corporations to ensure that further exploitation of human capital is drastically reduced. Corporate profitability should never be at the expense of the nations poor. Likewise, American social policies should never be dictated by business interests.
From the Paper "Welfare reform attempts throughout the past few presidential administrations has led to the development of various state programs that incorporate a work-first approach to social relief. This strategy of requiring welfare recipients to work for aide has become commonly referred to as workfare. Although some of the experimental programs have claimed to achieve successes in reducing welfare rolls, critics of these initiatives propose that their implementation promotes decreased wages, employment instability, workplace deterioration and various social problems for participants."
This paper is a research proposal, including an extensive literature review, which explores the relative importance of non-economic factors in predicting the level of difficulty unwed mothers will experience in moving from welfare to work.
Abstract This paper is a proposal for a research project that evaluates the non economic factors faced by unwed mothers as they go to work: Personal health limitations, personal mental health problems, health and behavioral problems of dependent children, substance abuse, child welfare, domestic violence, housing instability, inadequate transportation and very low social skills. This paper includes a literature review that covers many areas such as economic issues of mal-distribution and political issues of welfare legislation especially the Welfare-to-Work Partnership. The author plans to collect data through the administration of survey questionnaires to both subjects? case workers and to the subjects themselves. Includes questionnaires.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Introduction to the Proposed Research
Description of the Issue
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Definitions of Major Concepts
Overview of the Study
Review of Literature
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Relevant Literature
Welfare State Concept
Welfare Reform
Employment and Welfare Reform
Welfare Reform Outcomes
Other Non-Economic Factors and Work
The Conclusions Relevant to the Study
Problem and Statement of Hypotheses
Methodology
Introduction
Research Design
Population and Sample
Data Collection
Instrumentation
Case Workers
Subjects
Subject Confidentiality
Data Analysis
From the Paper "Past social legislation guaranteed all American citizens entitlements to food, shelter, and other basic necessities. This social contract, which prevented the need for triage, was the foundation of the American state for fifty years. In the name of personal responsibility, welfare reform has destroyed the entitlements of dependent populations. According to the welfare reform scenario, Americans would survive only by taking responsibility for themselves?the shiftless and irresponsible would lose their life-support system and sink or swim on their own."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of welfare dependency. Some believe that welfare programs actually facilitate the creation of a welfare culture that becomes dependent on the programs. But how true is this argument? Does the welfare system actually create the conditions of welfare dependency? Is there such a thing as welfare dependency? The paper reviews these questions and the discussions they create.
From the Paper "For the past several decades, there has been a growing debate over the effectiveness of developing welfare states in the West. In the United States, in particular, the welfare state has been criticized heavily. In fact, despite a history of welfare dating back to the early decades of the Twentieth Century, politics in the United States still fall back on anti-welfare rhetoric. One of the major issues on which the debate has turned is the matter of welfare dependency. Some believe that welfare programs actually facilitate the creation of a welfare culture that becomes dependent on the programs. According to this argument, over time individuals are less able to function without the aid of the state. They become utterly dependent upon welfare "handouts" in order to survive. "
Abstract This paper examines the the history of social welfare in America, from President Roosevelt's "New Deal" plan in the 1930s to Clinton's reform of the welfare system. This in-depth paper focuses mainly on democratic presidents Roosevelt, Johnson and Clinton and their impact on social welfare. This paper contains detailed historical facts and research.
Topics covered in this report include:
The History of Social Welfare F.D.R's "New Deal" and L.B.J's "Great Society"
The 1996 Presidential Campaign
Changes in Welfare Reform since 1996 Election
Works Cited
From the Paper ""Under President Lyndon Johnson, social welfare programs were expanded. Johnson added food stamps, and welfare to the programs created by Roosevelt. The make work programs were over. Johnson's intentions were admirable. He saw great expanse between the wealthy and poor, and wished to raise the standard of living for the poorest of Americans."
Abstract The paper discusses concerns regarding the ability of service delivery models (SDMs) to give support to socio-economically challenged families and individuals in the community. The paper continues and relates that, although there is recognition of the need for welfare reform, policy changes have devolved in its efforts to support disenfranchised and socially excluded vulnerable groups. At the same time, the Ontario Ministry of Finance believes that the welfare restructuring will help the most vulnerable. In the course of this paper, these opinions are assessed and their subsequent impact on welfare services in Ontario determined. The research focuses mainly on the impact of the reforms on child welfare services and income support services for low-income families. The criteria used for the research is whether the reforms have increased the social inclusion and capacity of clientele receiving these services.
Outline:
Introduction
Welfare reforms
Impact assessment and evaluation
Conclusion
From the Paper "The issue of welfare is not an issue that can be discussed without the need to delve in social, economic and political issues. Canada in general has been sensitive to social demographics and developments however there is also the realization that current demands on social services are stretching resources thin. Though there has been a number of a research highlighting the challenges of the current Ontario Works SDM, there is still significant room to facilitate the improvements. As it is, despite significant efforts to improve services and their delivery, the clientele of Ontario Works feel deficiencies in welfare services. There is no denying that there are parties who abuse welfare services, but this should not be the burden of people who really need welfare support. The prevailing perception is that policies have not just been unable to alleviate welfare concerns but have exacerbated concerns and limited the capacity of welfare services to respond to developing demands."
Abstract One of the greatest social debates over the past several decades has centered on the government providing welfare or government assistance to those who cannot fully take care of themselves. With the number of those who are poor ever growing, those who have no means of gainful employment, no way to provide themselves or their families with things needed for survival, such as shelter, clothing, or sustenance. While the hard numbers of welfare can be discussed and analyzed all day this issue mostly comes down to being one of ethics. Using the ethical theories of the classic philosophers, arguments can be made that are both for and against government-based welfare programs. This paper argues that by applying Aristotle's ethics, we can determine that welfare is not an ethical way to combat poverty, as it does not nurture the poor to develop ethical behaviors.
Abstract Using Ben Carniol's "Case Critical: Challenging Social Services in Canada", as well as Larry Jonston's "Politics: An Introduction to the Modern Democratic State," this paper discusses the welfare state in Canada, the development of it and its shrinkage within the past one hundred year. The author shows evidence that the modern welfare state is shrinking in today's society because of the advancement of right wing politics and the decline of Keynesianism as a solution to the problems of the people of Canada.
From the Paper "It is important to remember that Canada did not invent the welfare state, it was merely adopted during the development of the country. It was the adoption of these welfare state ideals, that has lead Canada to develop things such as free public Health Care, Employment Insurance, public education and welfare itself. Ben Carniol (2000) explains the welfare states creation in the terms of industrial England where it first surfaced in the modern form. The creation of a welfare state began when the capitalistic owners of large factories in England were beginning to become disgruntled by the constant visitation of representatives from the numerous charitable organizations that had formed in the country to help the poor and underprivileged survive in the new society that saw the factory owners compete for profits at the expense of the men who worked for them under sometimes extremely harsh conditions. It was agreed upon that some sort of central organization for the collection of charity from the owners would be necessary to ensure that the money was going to charity and not people who had begun cheating the system in order to make money for themselves."
Abstract The question itself defines a conflict which pits, on the one side the welfare state as a thing that "prevents a permanent and possibly underclass." The other side demands the end of the Welfare state because, simply enough, it is too expensive and "undermines individual initiative." This paper takes up a third position; namely that even a very brief recollection of the history of the welfare state will show it is inevitable, not merely possible.
Abstract This paper reviews the change in the approach to welfare outcome evaluations. It focuses on the contributions of Amartya Sen to the field of welfare economics. The paper discusses the underlying basis of welfare economics as utilitarian philosophy.
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to identify and consider the contributions to the study and application of welfare economics by Amartya Sen. Amartya Sen is a Nobel Prize winning economist who was ..."
Tags: Amartya, Sen, Welfare, economics, Capacity, Choice
Abstract This paper is a research paper designed to be a policy recommendation that addresses specific problems with current TANF welfare programs. The author discusses Congressional overhaul of the traditional welfare system,and AFDC.
From the Paper "Congress began the process of overhauling the welfare system known as AFDC Aid to Families with Dependent Children that had been in place since the same year the Social Security Act was enacted as part of the New Deal policies, implemented under President Franklin Roosevelt. Passed by a Republican Congress and signed into law by Democratic President Bill Clinton, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of ... has already been hailed a success on ..."
Tags:welfare, TANF, Personal Responsibilty and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, social services, inner city, single mothers, welfare-to-work
Abstract In this article, the writer reviews and assesses changes in the concept of welfare in the Public's mind. The writer discusses changes in the relationship among the state and social welfare and the Public in the U.K. The writer discusses shifts in the relationship between state and social welfare and the impact of the shifts on the conception of the Public.
From the Paper "How the public is conceived or imagined has been subject to contestations and change and this shift reflects a changed relationship between this public and the state and social welfare. Shifts in the relationship between the state and social welfare and in turn the changed conception of the public and its relationship to state and social welfare posited in the statement above occurred ... "
Tags: Social, weflare, Welfare, state, Third, Way, Concept, of, the public
Abstract This paper evaluates programs that have attempted to reform the welfare system. The writer defines different types of welfare and its goals. Next, various programs are presented and evaluated. The author concludes that despite the facts and figures, welfare reforms have been a success.
From the Paper "What happened to bring in welfare reforms, and what was the immediate and most important cause? It is generally stated that it was the re-authorization of the 'Temporary Assistance to Needy Families' or what is more popularly known as the TANF program prompted the discussion of bringing in more changes into the existing welfare systems. When the environment in question is analyzed, it is evident that before the new set of welfare reforms were brought in, the conditions were those of increasing unemployment, stalled economic growth in many sectors, a paucity of funds evident in the state and federal coffers, and an increased number of impoverished families. Therefore, shaping welfare reforms in such a way that all these and other similarly relevant issues are addressed was indeed a challenge, and the acknowledged need was to institute a set of reforms that would bring much needed relief to impoverished American families. (Before and after Welfare Reform: The Work and Well-Being of low income families)"
Abstract This paper examines and analyzes social welfare in the United States from the early nineteen-hundreds to the present time. Programs and efforts such as Settlement Houses, New Deal initiatives, the Great Society, child welfare, and aid for homeless veterans are discussed.
Abstract This paper discusses and compares the use of oil revenues in various oil-rich Middle Eastern countries such as Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Dubai, Bahrain and Abu Dhabai. The paper studies how the various countries fund -- or chose not to fund -- social welfare programs. The paper examines how the use of oil revenues impact issues of state ownership over social welfare programs, as well as political and religious tensions.
Tags: oil, rentier states, OPEC, Middle East, social welfare
Abstract This article examines poverty and welfare in terms of public policy in the United States. The writer looks at the causes of poverty. The purpose of public welfare policies are discussed in this paper. The writer argues that the working poor should receive more in child care, training and transportation.
From the Paper "Some eight years ago, Americans ended welfare as they knew it. To judge from their silence on the subject during the election they have never looked back. In his book titled 'American Dream Three Women Ten Kids and a Nation's Drive to End Welfare' Jason DeParle commented that welfare is a subject filled with biases and argued the harshness of the low-wage economy and the turmoil of poor people's lives required a federal safety net not one torn by ... "
