Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Battle of Gettysburg in general, followed by an assessment of how the roles played by the 26th North Carolina and the Iron Brigade during the first two days of battle helped to influence the outcome. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented. The author focuses on the role of leadership on both sides, as they appeared to play a critical role in the outcome of this infamous battle. The author also cites that it is clear from the research that the men of the 26th North Carolina and the Iron Brigade ardently believed in what they were fighting for, and were willing to die for their causes.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Figure 1. Uniform of the Iron Brigade
26th North Carolina
Conclusion
From the Paper "Given its importance, it is not surprising that Gettysburg is the most studied battle in the history of America. In fact, Martin points out that, "Even before the fighting was over it was viewed as the most decisive battle of the Civil War, and a legion of writers have since recorded their narratives and offered their interpretations of the battle." Likewise, Andrews suggests that, "No battle of the Civil War appeals more to the popular imagination than the one which was fought near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1, 2, and 3, 1863. Apart from the fact that this struggle, unlike most, is comparatively easy for the layman to understand; apart from the fact that it was one of the bloodiest battles in modern times -- the Battle of Gettysburg stands forth as a turning point in the history of the Civil War." The Battle of Gettysburg was fought during July 1-3, 1863, just 35 miles southwest of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Losses on both sides, though, were among the war's heaviest; of 88,000 Northern troops, casualties were approximately 23,000; from a total 75,000 Southerners, there were likewise more than 20,000. Two of the units that participated in the battles at Gettysburg that took place over the course of the next 3 days were the famed Iron Brigade of the Union and the equally tough 26th North Carolina of the Confederates, both of which received an inordinate number of casualties during the fighting that ensued. These units and their respective parts in the Battle of Gettysburg are discussed further below."
Abstract The American Civil War was a conflict between the Northern and Southern sections of the United States, but it was, according to the author of the paper, a conflict between the romantic and the modern. The writer contends that both sides entered the war with romantic ideas of how war ought to be fought and slowly became disabused of these ideas by the terrible reality of slaughter on the Civil War battlefield. The writer continues and states that once the reality of war was understood, the North enjoyed two distinct advantages: It possessed a corps of leaders who were able to adapt to the new conditions of warfare and superior material and industrial resources, which are ultimately what determine victory in modern war. In the paper, the author examines these factors and how, in his opinion, they contributed to the North's victory.
From the Paper "Civilians then, are the true object of war: "the humane thing is to overcome them by means of hunger and nakedness. The earlier we can do so, the less effusion of blood." Bierce acknowledge that the Union had gone through a learning process. "I speak of the latter part of the conflict, when we had learned how to conduct military operations. As long as our main purpose was bloodshed we made little progress." Northern victory in the Civil War was inevitable because in modern warfare the means of production translate directly into military power. In this regard, the South was extraordinarily weak compared to the North. But the Union victory was only achieved when Northern commanders realized the true nature of the war and prosecuted it accordingly. By the end of the war, Northern industry was turning out unlimited quantities of repeating rifles, breech-loading artillery, and iron clad warships. The South had lost even its never very great capacity to make muskets. This disparity was at one and the same time the cause and effect of the Northern victory."
Tags: lincoln, honor, war, gettysburg, battle, napoleon, rifles, duel, americans, french, confererate, military, industry, adaptation, officers, history
This paper take a detailed look at one of the greatest battles of the Civil War. Follows General Robert E. Lee and his men as they plot their strategy and take action against the Union Army leading up to and during the battle.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, 2000, $ 66.95
Abstract This paper follows General Robert E. Lee and his men as they plot their strategy and take action against the Union Army leading up to and during the Battle of Gettysburg. It also goes into great detail about the military strategy that both the Union Army used prior to this attack, and the affect it had upon the outcome of this battle, and what affect it had on the eventual outcome of the Civil War.
From the paper:
"There were over 70,000 Confederates involved in the Battle of Gettysburg. Of those men, 3,903 died, 18,735 were wounded, and 5,425 were missing, for a grand total of 28,063 men lost. That is about 40 percent of the soldiers who fought the battle. The percentage of men lost on the last day was much higher. Total losses on both sides came to 51,053.
"The Battle of Gettysburg was a major turning point in the Civil War. More men were lost in this battle than any other battle of the Civil War. After such a crushing defeat, Lee was never again able to launch a full-scale offensive on Union ground. The battle was also a landmark in the minds of people for years to come. Abraham Lincoln quoted in November 1863, "The world" can never forget what they did here.? Although the Confederates suffered a tremendous defeat that third day of July, their dedication and determination are still evident in the valiant effort displayed during those three long days."
Tags: army, big, cashtown, cemetery, chancellorville, charge, civil, general, hill, jackson, lee, little, longstreet, militia, pickett, ridge, robert, round, seminary, stonewall, top, union, virginia, war
The paper examines the year 1863 from the summer to the winter in terms of the Civil War, using Ken Burn's film, "The Civil War", as the main source of information.
Abstract The paper goes into great detail of the Battle of Gettysburg. Many other important topics are discussed, including Vicksburg, Chattanooga, the New York Daft Riots, and the Gettysburg Address. The paper also describes many of the people who speak in the movie.
From the Paper "Perhaps no other battle in American history has been more important than the Battle of Gettysburg. In this battle the course of the Civil War and eventually the fate of the country was decided. While this is not the only battle discussed in Ken Burns and Time Life's 1989 film The Civil War: 1863 the Universe of Battle; From Gettysburg to Lookout Mountain, it is certainly the most important. The film also takes a look at the battles of Vicksburg and Tennessee, and shows the reaction of New York and President Lincoln to the events. Together we will look at these events as they are described in the film and analyze their importance."
Tags: burns, civil, draft, gettysburg, ken, new, riots, vicksburg, war, york
Abstract This paper examines the book by Jeffrey D. Wert which is the story of one day in the Battle of Gettysburg, fought during the Civil War on a battlefield in Pennsylvania in 1863. Specifically, it discusses the purpose and thesis of the work, along with a critical judgment of the book's value in American history. The author is impressed with the new and fascinating information that is brought to the book and shows how it teaches a lesson in historic conquest ? that one battle can indeed turn the tide of an entire war.
From the Paper "Wert declares "On Gettysburg's fields the country's past and future collided" (Wert 9), and this is his thesis for writing this book, to show the country of the past, moving inexorably forward to the country of the future as the battle is waged for Little and Big Round Top. The entire future of the country would have changed had the Confederate Army won the Battle of Gettysburg, for they were poised to march on Washington to take Lincoln and the White House. Wert's thesis is not only involved with war, it is involved with the sacrifices men made that day for freedom, and for what they believed in. "Rarely, if ever, had the army's rank and file fought so well as they had on this Thursday" (Wert 15)."
Abstract The paper recounts the story the Battle of Gettysberg, one of the most horrific battles to occur during the Civil War. It provides a concise account of the days leading up to and a detailed description of the events of actual battle in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania taken from factual accounts and historical documentation. It discusses the leadership and tactics of both sides and looks at the events from the perspectives of both the North and South .
From the Paper "General Stewart's troops were well behind him and would be unable to join the fight this day. It took several hours for General Lee's three corps to get into position, in which he had laid out, to ready for an attack. General Meade had been up all night inspecting and arranging his lines. By early the second day, most of the army of the Potomac was in place, in the shape of a rough horseshoe pointing towards Gettysburg and open to the south. General Jeb Stewart, riding far ahead of his men, had arrived after noon, and Lee was quite furious with him. General Lee demanded to know why Stewart had not kept in contact with him."
Abstract In this article the writer aims to sort out the rhetoric from the fact regarding the Battle of Gettysburg. The writer notes that given its importance, it is not surprising that Gettysburg is the most studied battle in the history of America. The paper first provides an overview of the Battle of Gettysburg in general. This is then followed by an assessment of the role played by the 21st North Carolina and the Iron Brigade. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion. The writer concludes that perhaps it is difficult for people in the 21st century to fully understand what these events meant to the soldiers who were actually fighting the frequently hand-to-hand and always bloody battles of McPherson Woods, Cemetery and Culp's Hill, but it is clear from the research that the men of the 21st North Carolina and the Iron Brigade ardently believed in what they were fighting for, and were willing to die for their causes.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Following the defeat of the Union forces of General Joseph Hooker at Chancellorsville, Virginia, in May, Confederate General Robert E. Lee made the decision to invade the North in an attempt to dissuade them from further incursions and with an eye to compelling European countries into recognizing the Confederacy, and Lee's invasion army totaled approximately 75,000 troops. Upon learning that the Union Army of the Potomac had a new commander, General George G. Meade, Lee ordered General R. S. Ewell to move to Cashtown or Gettysburg; however, the commander of Meade's advance cavalry, General John Buford, recognized the strategic importance of Gettysburg as a road center and was prepared to hold this site until reinforcements arrived."
Abstract This paper reviews the American Civil War, including one of the most famous and indeed the bloodiest battle in the War; the Battle of Gettysburg. The paper also provides pertinent facts and statistics that reveal the true nature of this ugly confrontation between the North and the South.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper "When historians and other interested researchers analyze the Civil War, there is little to be found in terms of great advancements or innovations, either technological or theoretical. What one does discover even in a brief review of the "War Between the States" is human carnage, bloody battlefields, broken hearts, families torn apart, burned cities, wasted lives and political hatred. And all that waste, rage and killing resulted from the inability of two regions of a new country to come to a compromise over two important issues: a) Should the evil institution of slavery (human bondage) be allowed to continue? And b), do individual states within the union have the right to adopt their own moral and political policies even if those policies radically depart from the U.S. Constitution?"
Abstract This paper explores the causes of the American Civil War that have been obscured by the contemporary equality of all peoples. The paper looks at the great differences that helped start the war between, not only blacks and whites, but between the North and the South and between those who wished for a union with strong central government and those who believed in the formation of a conglomerate of states without a central authority. The paper chronologically reviews the major historic battles of the Civil War.
From the Paper "The CSA or Confederate States of America declared themselves conglomerate of states, lacking any final central authority. This division of power proved to be, towards the end of the war, ultimately unworkable. Eventually as well even the CSA debated the need to liberate the enslaved peoples within its borders, because of the untenable fact of having a nation divided between free people and enslaved people. The Union's way of life and industrialization was to triumph over the feudal system of agriculture and plantation-based economies of the South."
Abstract This research paper presents a critical review of the masterpiece, "Confederate in the Attic: Dispatches from the Unfinished Civil War" by the renowned writer, Tony Horwitz, which throws light on the American obsession with the events surrounding the Civil War. The paper is divided into four parts (information on the book; identification of the author's thesis; evidence to support the thesis and personal reaction to the author's thesis), each section unfolding valuable information regarding the book, gradually paving way for a thorough analysis.
From the Paper "The author's speculation regarding the background of the obsession with the Civil War is discerning, vehemently unfolding the superficial approach towards the cultural, social and moral values. The author's perception and the inspection of a government survey that appeared in a newspaper reflect author's sound judgement. The fact that many students along with their parents did not know the important historical dates pertaining to America's political development supports the author's claim. He is of the view that American obsession is erupting from the pop-cultural values rather than historical background and thereby presents a greater understanding of the American culture and its impact on the contemporary youth (Horwitz: 6). Hence, the author has made use of valid sources, including all aspects of the American culture and political scenario and they all make perfect sense to me."
Tags: United, States, Pulitzer, prize, Ken, Burn, Glory, and, Gettysburg
Abstract This paper presents a project that attempts to verify the role of strategic level war games in war-planning and to determine, in particular, the potentials of the Doziet strategic war game invented by Dozie Nwanna. The author cites the long history of war games and their impact on actual military strategy and success. The first part of the paper is comprised of a theoretical study of the general role of war games; the second half consists of a comparison of the Doziet war game with other popular war game devices. The author concludes that the introduction of increasingly sophisticated war gaming technology such as Doziet and Grand-Doziet have provided policymakers and military planners with the opportunity to better understand the potential implications of a given set of variables on the outcome of a military conflict.
Outline:
Introduction
Research Objective
Methodology
Contribution to Existing Body of Knowledge
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Traditional and Emerging Purposes of War Games
Doziet War Game Description
War Game Strategy of Doziet
Physical Aspects of Doziet
Modus Operani of Doziet
The Ultimate Game - Grand-Doziet
Physical Aspects of Grand-Doziet
Potential Applications of the Various Models
Impact of Doziet and Grand-Doziet Technology
Overview of WASP Technology
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper "With a war on terrorism being actively prosecuted on two fronts today, and with the potential for two (or three) more in the future, the U.S. military is stretched very thin indeed. Because resources are by definition scarce, it is important for the armed forces to make the maximum use of the tools and talent that they have available to accomplish their organizational goals. In this regard, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army announced recently the intent to develop a strategy that will transform the Army over the next two to three decades into a force that will remain dominant across the full spectrum of operations while becoming more strategically responsive (Gonzales, Iv, Howe, Johnson, Moore & Pimie, 2001). These objectives, though, are constrained by the increasingly high costs associated with combat training and the need to maintain constant vigilance while pursuing any directly noncombat-related training endeavors such as war games, which are discussed further below."
Tags:war, games, Dozie, Nwanna, Doziet, strategic, war, game, terrorism
Abstract John Hay, the U.S. Ambassador to London, called the war of 1898 with Spain ?a splendid little war.? His statement, often quoted about the war, indicated his recognition that this war would change the position of the United States in the world and have ramifications for decades to come. This paper shows that the Spanish-American War often gets little attention in history texts, overpowered by the bigger, longer-lasting wars such as the War Between the States, World War I and World War II. The fact is that the Spanish-American War, which included significant action both in the Caribbean, especially Cuba, and the Pacific, especially involving the Philippines, had complex causes and complex long-term ramifications.
From the Paper "The war of 1898 represented a turning point in the United States? international standing. The country acquired its first overseas territories and pushed Spain out of the Western Hemisphere (Rodriguez, 1998). It laid the groundwork for our involvement in World War II, as our growing interests in the Pacific had a profound effect on Japanese action in that arena. Until the Spanish-American war, our influence had been limited to North America. Now we had presence in both major oceans and had contended with other great powers, either by warfare or by maneuvering, and had emerged victorious (Rodriguez, 1998). It was not a challenge to defeat Spain, but the long-term effects of the war dramatically affected history for the following century. The groups who drew us into the war, both in the Caribbean and the Pacific, revolutionary factions in both Cuba and the Philippines, did not fare well. Cuba was liberated from Spain but under profound influence of the Untied States. In the Philippines, the people simply traded one country's domination for another?s."
Tags: Monroe, Doctrine, Manifest, Destiny, Mexican, War, President, McKinley
Abstract This paper describes the war that existed in the Philippines after the Spain's defeat at the hands of the United States during the Spanish-American War. As a direct result of the war, the Philippines were given to the United States and the Filipino people who originally believed that they were fighting a war for freedom and independence against the Spanish begin to turn against American troops who they view as simply another occupying force. The first part of the paper gives a background to the Filipino insurgency and its main leader, General Emilio Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo's tactics of fighting a guerrilla war against American troops is examined, as well as the effectiveness of these attacks on shocking the American public back home. Feeling betrayed by America who promised the Filipino people freedom after the Spanish were defeated, Aguinaldo embarked on a series of deadly attacks on American soldiers in the Philippines. As a result, American troops responded with equal brutality in their reprisals with very little organized military command holding them back. Diaries are heavily cited in this section of the paper, giving primary sources that tell of how desperate the American soldiers were at the time and how they needed to racially dehumanize the enemy in order to commit such vicious acts of reprisal. The second part of the paper deals with how the American press responded to the war. Numerous newspaper articles and other criticisms of the war are given as examples, some written by the early 20th century's most prominent figures such as Mark Twain. The general point of this section is to show how deeply divided the American public was over the war in the Philippines and how many felt that it would lead to American involvement in other world affairs. A direct parallel is also drawn to the Iraq War in modernity. Finally, the paper ends with a detailed account of how individual soldiers from both sides viewed the conflict. The Filipinos clearly viewed the insurgency as a necessary action in order to preserve their promised independence, while many American soldiers were disgusted and frustrated with why they were in the country to begin with, and often responded violently towards the natives since they began to view them as subhuman. The psychology of warfare is briefly discussed, as soldiers often dehumanize the enemy as a means of justification of their own violent behavior. The end of the insurgency is also discussed, with American troops brutally putting down the rebellion and establishing a tight control over the entire area for decades.
From the Paper "On April 11th, 1898, the President of the United States William McKinley went to Congress and asked the elected body to declare war on Spain for their role in oppression overseas and to accommodate public opinion that was strongly anti-Spanish due to the sinking of the United States battleship Maine only a few months earlier that was blamed on Spanish agents. Congress eventually sanctioned the war, and the Spanish-American war commenced with several battles over Spanish colonies such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The war itself was over fairly quickly, as hostilities were ended only a few months after war was officially declared. The involvement in the former Spanish colonies clearly demonstrated that America had shifted to a strong imperialistic attitude when it came to the Western Hemisphere and indeed the world in general, and would be forced to endure all of the benefits and tribulations that came from being an imperialistic power."
Tags: aguinaldo, american, emilio, filipino, history, philippines, spanish, war, wars
Abstract This paper maintains that historical evidence confirms that, just as the First World War laid the foundations for the Second World War, the Second World War laid the foundations for the Cold War. The paper looks at how, in both cases, war failed to resolve the fundamental problems that had led to military conflict in the first place, and initiated a chain of cause and effect that led to renewed conflict. The Second World War has been justifiably defined as a continuation of the First World War after a brief period of fragile peace, and the Cold War can be justifiably defined as a seventy-year war between East and West that was briefly interrupted by a grudging, temporary alliance during the Second World War.
Abstract This paper proposes a study of some of the most significant long-term and short-term effects of air-pollution that were produced as a direct result of the Gulf War. According to the paper, this pollution was caused by the burning of Kuwaiti oil fields. The paper explains the ways in which warfare is involved in environmental destruction including an analysis of air pollution during the war and the effect of air pollution of those people who were most directly exposed to it, including American soldiers and personnel who have been diagnosed with what is now generally referred to as Gulf War Syndrome.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Scope and Background of Problem
3. Proposed Project
4. Analysis and Results
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
From the paper:
"This proposal looks at three specific consequences of air pollution during the Gulf War, or rather at three sets of phenomena that are considered by many people to be consequences of air pollution during the war: The cluster of symptoms experienced by American soldiers and personnel called Gulf War Syndrome; any civilians in the war zone that are also suffering from similar syndromes; and the any similar effect on other mammals (i.e. wildlife) that were also exposed to the air pollution during the war."
Tags: Middle, East, oil, environment, health, war, pollution
