Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a brief biography of Walter Gropius's early life, including education and influences. The writer discusses the role played by the Bauhaus Movement in the Imperial Germany of the 19th and 20th centuries in addition to describing the contribution made by the Bauhaus style of Architecture in the United States. The writer concludes that Walter Gropius was without doubt one of the most important architects of the previous century. The writer maintains that his significance lies in having realized the necessity of combining the previously separate fields of art and craft early in his career and in bringing the art of designing closer to the realities of the industrial age.

Outline:
Walter Gropius's Life
Early Influences and Work
The First World War and Marriage
Weimer and Dessau
Exile, Harvard and Death
The Role of the Bauhaus Movement in 19th and 20th Century Germany
Background
Influence of the Bauhaus Movement in Germany
Bauhaus Style Contribution in the United States
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Even before of the end of World War I, Walter Gropius was invited to become the director of the School of Arts and Craft and the Academy of Fine Arts in Weimer. Walter accepted the position and took over as the director of the institutions in 1919 after the end of the War. It was a time of artistic confusion and architects and designers, as well as painters and sculptors who were mostly individual romantics seemed to be drifting directionless with their art. Amidst such confusion, Gropius knew exactly what to do: he was convinced that no distinction could be made between fine arts and practical crafts and immediately proceeded to unify the two schools, re-naming it the Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar. The move proved to be a pivotal moment in Gropius's life and modern architecture as it signaled the start of the Bauhaus movement. It was at Bauhaus, Weimer that Gropius introduced his new approach to design education that emphasized the principal of uniting art and technology that revolutionized modern design."

Tags:architect, arts, buildings, modernistic

Abstract
Discusses the history and aims of this movement. The Bauhaus and work of architect Gropius as a response to German industrialization and commerical standardization. Ideology of this New Architecture. Need for artists or architects to recognize their obligation to the community. The German Craft Association. Life, work and influence of Gropius.

From the Paper
"Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus

In the first decade of the twentieth century, the Deutscher Werkbund or German Craft Association was formed with the expressed aim of improving the aesthetic quality of manufactured goods and industrial architecture while producing both less expensively (Adams, p. 477). The creation of this Association was very much a response to two complementary pressures. On the one hand, Germany was undergoing a period of rapid industrial development in which the factory and the machine were replacing the cottage and the craftsman s hands as the locus and source of production. On the other hand, a sense that many of the machine-made products and machine-serving buildings and other structures were of less aesthetic quality (and greater cost) than was desirable was also emerging."

Abstract
This paper explains that Walter Gropius applied classical architectural techniques to design theory, believing that there is no essential difference between the artist and the craftsman. Thereby, he introduced a completely new set of design principles called Bauhaus to art and crafts. The author points out that, though the Bauhaus movement was inspired by Cubism and Minimalism in design, it was still a unique, revolutionary movement. Some of the key features of this movement included less emphasis on detail and more on economic use of space. The paper relates that Bauhaus popularized functional design, a technique that focused specifically on the major functions of everything, including buildings, textiles, tables, and lamps to make them more easily accessible and usable. Color illustrations.

From the Paper
"Bauhaus artists included such prominent names as Mies van der Rohe, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky and Oskar Schlemmer, who are responsible for bringing dramatic changes in the field of art and design. It is commonly believed that every change in design after the Bauhaus movement is inspired by the principles and techniques of this style. It can be rightly called the mother of all design movements in 20th century because till this day, we can see the impact of Bauhaus in the field of arts, architecture and crafts."

Tags:textiles, functional, buildings, crafts, minimalism

Abstract
The paper discusses the goals of the Bauhaus school and its controversial approach to education. The paper describes how the Nazi party was against the Bauhaus all throughout the 1920s and eventually made the school close, but, the Nazi party could not erase the important work that the Bauhaus artists had done. The paper asserts that the Bauhaus movement has been one of the most influential factors on the world of design and architecture.

From the Paper
"The Bauhaus movement began at a controversial new school of arts and crafts established in the German city Weimar in 1902 and designed by a Belgian artist named Henry van de Velde. The Bauhaus is one of the first colleges of design in the world. There was already in existence another art school that had been founded in 1860 - also very controversial. In 1919, the architect Walter Gropius, a demobilized World War I officer, combined the two schools - Weimar Academy of Arts and the Weimar School of Arts and Crafts - into the Staatliches Bauhaus. This movement - a movement of new political and social ideas - would soon spread around the world. Weimar was an appropriate place for the school since on November 9th of 1918 it was the location for the writing of the new constitution of the new Republic that had just been proclaimed by the Social Democrats."

Tags:design, architecture, Nazis

Abstract
This paper explains the view of IKEA's inheritance of the Bauhaus movement in functional, minimalist design that is affordable by the masses. It explains that IKEA, however much it refers in advertising and promotion to the Bauhaus and Bauhaus ideals, is rather opposite, due to their sparse, attractive design, appealing to a fairly prosperous consumer market, their corporate agenda and the non-functionality of items in terms of limited durability, assembly design difficulties and cheap finishes.

From the Paper
"IKEA vs. the Reform Ideals of the Bauhaus. Introduction The design purchased, now globally, from IKEA stores is popularly said to approximate Bauhaus furniture and philosophy of the early 20th century. This paper explores the degree to which this is so, finding an important difference in the overall concept of the Bauhaus and a pioneering design concept put into practical use, and the corporate agenda of IKEA, as it delivers sparsely designed, usually functional products whose clean lines appeal to many kinds of consumers. In the 21st century's hyper-consumerism that both drives and results from Globalization, the involvement of art and design in ordinary, strategic business activities is not new. (Darso & Dawids:2002)"

Tags:ikea, bauhaus, critique

Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the historical evolution of the Modernist Movement reveals the theoretical, ideological, and functional aspects of the works of many of the architects that helped to define 20th century urban architecture. By evaluating the work of La Corbusier and Walter Gropius, the nature of architecture was functional by providing the maximum use of space within urban environments, especially after the First and Second World Wars.

Tags:modern, building

Abstract
This paper looks at the effect that the printing press had in the spread of art and culture through the eyes of Walter Benjamin in Samuel Weber's essay, "Art, Aura and the Work of Walter Benjamin." Whereas Benjamin felt that mass reproduction was bad for the art world, he argues that the invention of the printing press allowed books to be read all over the world thereby changing the uniqueness of each painting. This paper also takes a look at the Mona Lisa, and explains that the ability to reproduce it is a positive thing, that, even though it's "aura," is no longer unique, many more people are now able to experience art.

From the Paper
"With the invention of the printing press, however, books could be manufactured quickly and cheaply, and were available to great number of people. Two people living hundreds of miles apart could read the same book and find the same words, the same illustrations on the same page. However, the printing press also took something away from books the originality and artistry that the monks had poured into each unique volume. Walter Benjamin would say that the aura of the monks volumes was withering away, while the aura of the mass reproduced books was flourishing."

Tags:aesthetics, aura, benjamin, walter, art, mona, lisa, printing, books, original, people, distribution

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the differences between the two characters, Walter and Beneth, and their outlook on life.

From the Paper
"Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun is a brilliant play about family, money, and power. The characters Walter and Beneatha have conflicting ideas on everything including; who the head of the family is and what it means to be successful, the role of women in society, and assimilation. "A Raisin in the Sun is about dreams, ironically enough. And how those psychological projections of human life can come into conflict like any other product of that life." Throughout history, we have been taught that you have to be flexible and compromise-especially in a family situation."

Tags:benetha, characters, compare, contrast, hansbury, in, loraine, raisin, sun, the, walter