Abstract This paper explores the issue of violence against women, with an emphasis on the US legislation bearing this name. The author argues that even though violence against women is no longer openly accepted in the West, and even disapproved of, it still happens. The author also discusses violence in third world nations, and the need for a UN resolution against this practice. Finally, the author points to several factors that may contribute to violence against women, including men growing up in abusive households and pornography.
Introduction
Violence Against Women Violence Against Women Act
Conclusion
From the Paper "It is widely accepted that a great deal of violence occurs in the family setting. Findings from research on family violence may serve as a point of departure (Fleming, 1979; Kincaid, 1985; Pagelow, 1984; Schechter, 1982; Straus et al., 1980; Walker, 1984). There are disagreements about the nature of the impact of family violence on the behavior of children, but it is not necessary to resolve the minor debates in order to pursue the logic presented here. Nor will much time be spent debating the link between financially troubled families and the likelihood of family violence. Currie (1985) and others show quite effectively that economically disadvantaged families are more likely to produce violent offspring. An argument can be posed in response to these findings. The economic factors are frequently treated as minor problems that do not require urgent response. We can appreciate the long-range implications of decreased social support for families (Currie, 1987, pp. 11-12), but those in policy making positions feel the need to respond immediately to the more dramatic forms of adult violence."
Abstract Using Jeff Benedict's "Public Heroes,Private Felons", this paper discusses the issue of athletes and rape and sexual violence against women. The paper explains Benedict's thesis that the glorification of sports heroes sends a message to them that their behavior will be tolerated.
From the Paper "Jeff Benedict's text "Public Heroes, Private Felons: Athletes and Crimes Against Women" is an expose of the sordid underworld in which an unfortunately significant number of amateur and professional athletes engage in sexual assaults, rape and other forms of violence against women. Benedict makes the point that the celebrity of these athletes and, in the case of professionals, their wealth, makes possible a lifestyle that is at best rampantly permissive and at worst criminal, at least with respect to the maltreatment of..."
Abstract The paper discusses how every feminist and the majority of women believe that violence is wrong and must be stopped. However, while most Western women view violence as a threat, marginalized women in the West and those outside the West have experienced a different form of violence. The different violence is not fully accounted for by using a gender lens. Other factors enter into it such as class, race and ethnicity. When viewed in a global context, women see violence and its solutions in very differing ways and the paper contends that violence needs to be redefined.
This paper outlines the types of violence against women in Africa, specifically South Africa. It then gives the effects of AIDS and HIV on the situation.
Abstract Domestic violence, the most prevalent form of violence against women, remains a relatively obscure and ignored issue in reproductive health research and programming. The paper explains that, in countries like South Africa, with a high prevalence of HIV, extremely high rates of rape and other forms of violence against women have been documented and may play an important role in women's greater vulnerability to HIV infection. It explains that, when looking at this issue, it is important to look at the rates of infection for Africa as a whole because all of the countries are affected. However, in South Africa, the rates are extremely high, and the violence against women continues to grow.
From the Paper "Violence against the women in South Africa stems from several factors. The first factor is the history of the African people. Slavery has always been an epidemic that has plagued the people; giving some the feeling of superiority over others. This feeling of superiority has carried to men against women. Another factor is the wars that exist within Africa. White minorities in South Africa ruled the country until 1993 and with these White people were feelings of superiority. Activists fought against the White superiority and gained control of their country. According to BBC News, "The white governments had grand social engineering schemes which separated the races and involved the forced resettlement of hundreds of thousands of people. They poisoned and bombed opponents and encouraged trouble in neighbouring countries" (2)."
Abstract This paper examines how women have generally been ignored by researchers and law enforcement officials in considering issues of crime and crime prevention and how this has created a distorted picture of the degree to which women were involved in crime. It analyzes how when it discussing family violence, women are given considerable attention as victims and little as perpetrators, even though domestic violence against men is a major societal problem.
Outline
Introduction
Women and Violence Further Evidence
Rates of Injury
Gender Differences
Moral Judgement
Analysis
From the Paper "Husband battering has largely been ignored in the literature for several reasons, one of which is this view that women are simply not as violent as men. Another reason is that husband battering was thought to be a fairly rare occurrence, and police reports seemed to bear this out by showing in some cases a ratio of 12 to 14.5 female victims to every one male victim. Another reason is that women are seen as weaker and more helpless than men due to sex roles, while men, on the other hand, are seen as more sturdy and selfreliant. Therefore, researchers believed that a study of abused husbands was relatively unimportant. However, once research was undertaken, it showed a different picture. "
Abstract This paper reviews the Declaration on Violence Against Women by the United Nations, stating that violence against women is "a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between women and men and a means by which this inequality can be maintained" (Amnesty International Canada, n.d.). "
From the Paper "It is both comforting and commonplace to think that violence against women is an aberration stemming from particular circumstances. However, from the feminist perspective it may be argued that violence against women is an integral part of society, as important to the maintenance of the existing status quo as more acceptable things, such as families or laws. All existing societies incorporate an inequality between women and men, with the latter being advantaged by this inequality. Thus, the United Nations Declaration on Violence Against Women has referred to violence against women as "a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between women and men and a means by which this inequality can be maintained" (Amnesty International Canada, n.d.). "
Abstract This paper explains that Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association suggests that individuals learn criminal behaviors by imitating behavior and ideas about criminality from people with whom they routinely associate. The author points out that the R.L. Peralta and J.M. Cruz article, "Conferring Meaning onto Alcohol-Related Violence: An Analysis of Alcohol Use and Gender in a Sample of College Youth", emphasizes that many college males "learn" (1) to demonstrate violent or aggressive tendencies as "macho" behavior and (2) to abuse alcohol as a socially acceptable form of entertainment. The paper relates that the study by B.S. Fisher, F.T. Cullen and M.G. Turner, "The Sexual Victimization Of College Women", suggests that people "learn" to engage in acts of sexual violence by discovering (1) that violence can be used to overpower other people, especially women, and (2) that sexual violence can be a mechanism for alleviating their own chronic problems including stress or guilt associated with a history of sexual violence as a child.
Table of Contents:
Summarization
Theories of Crime and Delinquency Control
Reaction/Social Position
From the Paper "I shared the information and insights gathered from this study with a friend of mine who works as a paramedic with an emergency medical team. Having witnessed many acts of violence and treated many women for sexual assault, the individual agreed that violence and substance abuse patterns often seem to be "learned" behaviors. He also felt that he could distinguish patterns of behavior among certain populations in particularly, including among those with low socioeconomic backgrounds or education."
An analysis of a qualitative research report on battered women, welfare and the family violence option entitled, ''In Their Own Words: Battered Women, Welfare and the Family Violence Option" written by J.L. Postmus".
Abstract The paper comments on a research document in which the writer was to record and highlight the needs that mentally and physically abused women required, with regard to the family violence option (FVO) and welfare. The paper stresses that the research is necessary to nursing to indicate that the system did not recognize the requirements of the victims who wished to be freed from their previous spouses. The paper also highlights the inefficiency of this method of attending to the victim's requirements. The paper continues in detail with the manner in which information was collected. The paper summarizes the outcome of the study in which an outlook is presented on the participation of FVO, welfare and domestic violence shelters in assisting women.
Outline:
Statement of the phenomenon of interest
Purpose
Methodology
Sampling
Data collection
Data analysis
Findings
Conclusions, implications and recommendations
From the Paper "Furthermore, the researcher made clear the strategies to analyze the data, which could be reproduced in similar studies. Yes; the study participants recognize the experiences as their own. Their experiences and insights are documented. In addition, these experiences reflected the women's views, whether or not they were congruent with the researcher's expectations. The research was presented in a logical manner and in a way that the researcher's thoughts are conveyed clearly even if the reader is not familiar with qualitative research."
Abstract This paper explains the public health issues involved in the use of sexual violence and enslavement of women by occupying military forces in wartime environments. The author focuses on Korean "comfort women" and Japanese forces. The paper stresses the continued sexual violence and sexual subordination against women.
From the Paper "This study examines the public health issue of survival sex as this phenomenon occurs in relation to sexual slavery enforced by an occupying military force. The study examines the issue at the international level with a regional analysis targeting the occurrence of the phenomenon in East Asia with a specific assessment of the public health issues."
Tags: Public, health, Survival, sex, Comfort, women
Abstract A look at the legal response to domestic violence as well as the law enforcements attitude to this problems. It examines possible solutions that may improve the way these agencies handle domestic violence cases. Part II provides legal definitions of domestic violence, Part III explains the usual dynamics of this form of violence. Part IV attempts to understand the battered woman and Part V looks at the criminal justice system's response to battered women. Part VI examines police officer's attitude to domestic violence and Part VII looks at the criminal justice system and domestic violence. The paper concludes with suggestions for improvement in this dealing with this crime.
From the Paper "Domestic violence is one of the most serious, yet least understood problems facing our nation today. This issue is especially troubling because of the unusual dynamics associated with domestic violence; unlike other crimes such as carjacking, random violence, and robbery where the offender and victim are usually strangers, battered women are often highly dependent on their partners for economic support and may be reluctant to leave out of fear or love. Another reason why domestic violence is so troubling is the lack of effective intervention and knowledge that exists among members of the criminal justice system, law enforcement, and public. The attitude that "domestic violence is a family matter, not a crime" which has long existed in society has contributed to this lack of knowledge and is one of the reasons why domestic violence still remains a largely "hidden" problem. Finally, the limited number of economic resources and shelters which are available to battered women also contributes to this problem; women who finally gather the courage and strength needed to leave their batterer may be forced to remain in the abusive situation or to return because the shelters are full or because they may be unable to find a job."
Comprehensive analysis of how Homer's "Odyssey" and Euripides' "Trojan Women" intricate conceptions of violence and their overall meanings for Greek society.
Abstract This essay describes how Homer and Euripides view the meaning and legitimacy of violence in their plays "Odyssey" and "Trojan Women". It presents a detailed, text-based analysis and evaluation of the two works' arguments and perspectives on the societal implications of violence.
From the Paper "The Odyssey portrays the fall of Troy and the subsequent events from the point of view of the victorious Odysseus, while Euripides' play The Trojan Women depicts the experiences of the defeated Trojans: how the Greeks enslave them, burn their city, and kill the newborn son of the fallen hero Hector. In spite of the two poems' disparate narrative perspectives, they share the same view about the legitimacy of violence: that it depends upon the underlying intentions causing the violence. While violence performed in order to fulfill egoistic aims is impermissible, in some cases, constructive ends may justify destructive means. This emphasis on the intentions involved in applying violence, rather than its actual results, helps in understanding why the two poems judge the same event, the conquest of Troy and, more specifically, the role of Odysseus during and after the war, entirely differently. Thus, it serves to explain why Odysseus is an exalted hero in one poem, but a cruel coward in the other."
Abstract This paper compares the level of women's rights in the two countries. It compares historical voting rights, political power, positions in legislative systems, domestic violence, infanticide and the one child policy. There is also an account of Chinese women's prison. Includes many numerical comparison and discusses cloaking of actual figures by government agencies.
From the paper:
"The "China Daily," discusses women's rights in China in a positive manner, bringing up several points that show women in China have no fewer rights than women in the United States. Unfortunately, there are many topics that were not discussed in this paper, that prove women in China still have a long road ahead of them in achieving true equal rights.
The article says that women of China did not have to wait 144 years after the forming of a constitution to vote. "American women belatedly obtained equal voting rights 144 years after the founding of the United States, while Chinese women were grated such rights immediately after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949" (Editors, 1995)."
Abstract This paper explores the various causes of domestic violence. The main focus of the paper is a review of the increasing number of programs for victims of domestic violence to turn to. These programs work hard to take the steps necessary for America to become a domestic violence-free society. The paper begins with some background information on domestic violence within society, focusing on women and children.
From the Paper "Domestic violence has been around for as long as many cultures can remember, however, that's not an excuse for its continuance. Although some see women and children as mere property, their rights and safety should be protected. Whether they suffer from physical, sexual or emotional abuse, thankfully there are an increasing number of programs for these victims to turn to. These programs work hard to take the steps necessary for America to become a domestic violence-free society."
Abstract This paper discusses how, although most people think of domestic violence as men hitting or otherwise assaulting women, there are many more aspects to this behavior. It examines how domestic behavior can often involve hitting or even killing domestic pets, such as cats and dogs. It examines how some investigators think that this form of domestic violence can predict later domestic violence involving human victims and even violence of other sorts that are even more disruptive to society and involve many people.
From the Paper "Domestic violence survivors report that the threat of harming or of actually harming or killing pets is a way of establishing or maintaining control over women and children. And some researchers deplore the relative lack of attention given this issue. They contend that the bond between women and their companion animals makes it possible for batterers to more easily coerce, intimidate and control women by abusing their pets. They note that concern for the safety of pets is a significant barrier to women leaving abusive relationships."
Abstract This essay will outline how violence against women is a symptom of cultural misogyny by considering the legal, social, and medical institutions that perpetuate misogyny through contradictory cultural norms.
