Abstract This paper looks at VictorySquarePark, a corner of land bordered in between West Hastings and West Pender Street in Vancouver. It examines how the location was once famous for being Vancouver's provincial courthouse which was torn down between 1911 and 1916 and reopened on West Georgia Street in the building now known as the Art Gallery. It discusses how the area is historic in great part because of its location, how it contains the war memorial the Cenotaph and how it was once the heart of the city's financial and legal activity. The paper also includes photos of the Square.
From the Paper "However, the Square is famous for much more than the Cenotaph. It was once the heart of the city's financial and legal activity: the Vancouver curb exchange operated across the road on Hastings Street; the Inns of Court structure, a rather rustic looking building next to what was once called Courthouse Square, was the centre for adjutant legal services; the Oddfellows Hall (now called the Army, Navy and Air Force Veterans Hall) was stationed south of the Inns of Court; most of the city's major banks were headquartered around the Square; the city's shopping district was positioned along nearby Hastings Street; to the south of the Square was the Central School (now Vancouver College); the city's main hospital stood nearby; and before the Courthouse's demolition major newspapers such as The Province, Sun and Dominion were set up around the periphery, though they no longer operate in this location today."
Abstract This paper presents a discussion about the incident at Tian An Men Square that is often referred to as a massacre. We are taken on an exploratory look at the events leading up to the massacre as well as the event itself. We then discuss the way the event has affected the Chinese people and its society.
Abstract This paper explores the argument that the Tiananmen Square Massacre constituted an international crime and furthermore that it constituted genocide. This paper argues that it was not genocide and that it was not even an international crime, in the sense of a crime that impacts all humanity. Rather, it was a domestic response to a domestic situation. The paper claims that it was certainly a questionable response. However, it was an internal Chinese situation, not an international crime.
From the Paper "It has been argued that the Tiananmen Square Massacre constituted an international crime, and furthermore that it constituted genocide. This paper will argue that it was not genocide, and furthermore that it was not even an international crime, in the sense of a crime that impacts all humanity. Rather, it was a domestic response to a domestic situation. It was certainly a questionable response. However, it was an internal Chinese situation, not an international crime. Furthermore, it was consistent with long-established ways in which the Chinese state has dealt with internal unrest. Punishing China for its ..."
Abstract This paper studies the process of policy making within the national park program. Yosemite National Park is used as an example to illustrate environmental policy. It looks at how land has been changed since the influence of the National Park Service. It shows how the national park service's manipulation of land parallels broader policy-making and deals with the levels of public awareness and action.
From the Paper "The process of policy making within the national park program follows the "issue-attention cycle" proposed by Anthony Downs in 1972. This sequence includes problem identification and agenda setting, followed by policy formulation, adoption, implementation and evaluation (Switzer 3-5). The history of policy making for the national parks has repeated this process several times, with a significant reevaluation of the National Park Service's agenda approximately every decade. The major shifts in policy emphasis from tourism to wildlife biology occurred after World War II, when families increasingly took advantage of the national parks, and continued through the environmental awakening of the 1960s and 70s, at which time much of today's broader environmental policy was implemented".
Abstract This paper analysis Rosa Parks autobiography. It offers a short summary of the book describing the inspiring story of Rosa Parks, who became a leading protagonist in the struggle of African Americans for equality. The paper explores a main character in this book is, her husband, who encouraged her to take part in civil rights activities, and supported her decision to fight against racial segregation. The author explains that many of the secondary characters in this book, such as the bus driver and police officials, are antagonists because they were against what Rosa Parks was trying to accomplish.
From the Paper "Rosa Parks: My Story is set in Montgomery, Alabama in December 1955, and tells the inspiring story of Rosa Parks, who became a leading protagonist in the struggle of African Americans for equality. A main character in this book is her husband, who encouraged her to take part in civil rights activities, and supported her decision to fight against racial segregation. Many of the secondary characters in this book, such as the bus driver and police officials, are antagonists because they were against what Rosa Parks was trying to accomplish. The plot of Rosa Parks: My Story began when Rosa Parks "was sitting in the front seat of the colored section of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama." (Parks) She knew that because of racial bigotry, an African American had to give up their bus seat if a white man or woman boarded ..."
Abstract This paper traces the origins of the Civil Rights Movement in America, starting with Rosa Parks and the Montgomery bus boycott. The author shows how Parks' act of defiance ultimately led to the involvement of the major leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King. The paper includes a biography of King's life, influences and his impact on civil rights. Also described are some of King's speeches. The paper concludes that ordinary people like Rosa Parks showed the way forward to eventually affect change in American policies toward blacks and whites.
From the Paper "Of course the American Civil Rights Movement had many other origins and precursors. The peak of the Movement's activities was in the period between 1955 and 1965. One of the aims of the movement was achieved with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed by congress."
Tags: Rosa, Parks, Montgomery, bus, boycott, civil, rights
Abstract This essay deals with four areas which are causing Canadian National Parks to disappear--extreme government cut-backs, identity crisis, improper management and ecosystem destruction. It also suggests ways in which the government can change its polices to save these parks.
From the Paper "Canadians look at the infamous National Park's landscape and see a vast and beautiful range of Canada at it's best. Unfortunately, what one sees is often deceiving. The truth is that the state of Canada's National Parks is alarming. Entire species are disappearing, vegetation is being destroyed by development and urbanization, and the pristine lakes and rivers are being contaminated by pollution. The Canadian Government has not been fulfilling its managerial role in protecting the essential resources that are comprised in Canada's National Parks. The problems that have generated in the Park's system have often dismissed due to their seemingly insignificant characteristics. Unfortunately, all of the insignificant problems joined together to create a devastating picture of dyfunctionality of the National Parks. There are four pivotal points that have caused the Park's disastrous spiral aimed at oblivion. Extreme cuts to the Parks Canada's budget has forced them to compromise their principles on how the parks should be run, and resorted to doing what they could. Parks Canada has found itself in an extreme identity crisis, as financial pressures are pitting conflicting philosophies against one another. The Canadian Government is the root which many, if not all of the posing threats the National Parks has emerged from. Their improper management and mentality has potentially shattered any chance of Canada's ecosystem to flourish. Until the Canadian Government stops seeing the nation's national Parks yet another way to generate a clever income for their institution, the parks will continue to lose their ecological integrity until they fade from man's sight completely."
Abstract This paper compares the historic development of Central Park in New York and the historic development of the city of Frankfurt, Germany, which dates back to the stone age. The park was founded 150 years ago, as a place for the rich to enjoy, and is now used by all.
Abstract This paper discusses the history of Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado. The paper explains that the park was built to preserve the cliff dwellings of the Anasazi people and that it is of historical and archaeological significance to visitors and scientists alike.
Tags: Mesa Verde, national park, Native Americans, Anasazi
Abstract This paper details part of a foreign direct investment project, specifically a theme park in India. The writer focuses on the portion that deals with the dollar amount of the project, the raising of the money for it, and how economic risks would be dealt with.
Tags: India, theme park, amusement, risks, funding
Abstract This paper covers the arguments made by Symmachus, a polytheist leader, and Bishop Ambrose, a powerful early Christian, over the removal of the altar to Victory, a Roman goddess, from the senate house in Rome. The paper discusses the way in which the debate represented the last great struggle between Christians and polytheists (pagans) over state control.
From the Paper "The debate of 384 in Rome over the presence of the pagan altar of Victory in the senate house showed the final great struggle in Rome between paganism and Christianity. The pagans and the Christians, represented in letters to the emperor Valentinian II by Prefect of the City of Rome Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the bishop of Milan, Ambrose, respectively, quarreled over whether to put back the recently removed altar, which was essentially the last great artifact demanding governmental adherence to pagan beliefs, and also whether to resume state financing of the Vestal Virgins and pagan priests, the most sacred public religious figures for the pagans. The two writers, in their attempts to persuade the young emperor, base their arguments mostly on historical or familial precedent, but ultimately, the most important aspect of the debate was the religion of the emperor himself."
Abstract The geographic location chosen to be the central focus of this essay is located in Vancouver's West End, about a ten minute walk west of downtown. The writer describes that the city block is bordered by the four streets of Haro, Barclay, Broughton and Nicola and that the most famous landmark in the park is the Roedde House Museum. The writer notes that originally, all of the houses except for this one were intended for demolition. Further, the writer mentions that only through the efforts of many diligent historic preservationists was this area saved and restored to its historic form.
From the Paper "The city of Vancouver is located in a popular region of North America that is known for breathtaking scenery, cultural diversity and historic residential areas. Vancouver proudly boasts several such neighborhoods, which have been the most densely populated on the continent for the better part of the 20th century and beyond. One of the most famous and distinctive of these is Barclay Heritage Square, a virtual jewel of historic Victorian gardens, benches, even a gazebo, that encompasses a single city block. It is all nestled modestly among the mostly residential streets of the neighborhood just west of the downtown core, most commonly known as the West End."
Abstract This paper outlines the history Trafalgar Square and how it came to be, as well as its importance to England's people and politics. The paper explains Trafalgar Square's importance to the layout of the city of London and looks at how one of its original secondary purposes was to be part of a fire break line. Additionally, the paper looks at how Trafalgar Square contributes to the ability of the people to thrive within the city on an ongoing basis. A timeline is included with the paper.
Outline:
The History of Trafalgar Square A Timeline of Trafalgar Square The Battle of Trafalgar
The Idea Behind the Square The Architect
Walking the Square Reinventing Trafalgar
Trafalgar Square Survives Obsolescence
From the Paper "The center of the square houses a large column with a statue of Captain Nelson at the top. The bronze lions surrounding Nelson's column are said to be made from the cannons of the ships the British Fleet captured during the battle (Wikipedia), and, I'm sure, makes it hard for anyone who sits on them to forget where they came from. The square was designed to draw attention to the column with a large area for seating or strolling available. Two fountains with statuary of mermen, mermaids, and dolphins made of bronze (Urban) adorn the square. The fountains were added in 1845 and remodeled in 1939 by Lutyens (Urban)."
Abstract The paper reveals that the Tiananmen Square protest and its suppression meant different things to different people. The paper discusses how some Chinese were dissatisfied by what the Chinese Community Party government had been able to achieve, while some opposed a still oppressive government. The paper discusses how for American and other right-wing Western observers, Tiananmen Square seemed to show a predictable Chinese push for democratic reform, as they were certain that millions who lived in the People's Republic of China (PRC) 'obviously' wanted more freedom. The paper shows how this was not accurate, since demands for civil liberties would drop if the PRC could bring fast economic growth.
Outline:
Introduction
A Democratic Demand?
Tiananmen Square Varied Results
Who were the Demonstrators?
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Communist state's crackdown after the Tiananmen Square gathering of more than one million persons, some of them demanding democratic reforms, caught the interest of many followers of the People's Republic of China (PRC). American and other journalists, along with scholars, assumed that the Chinese had had enough of Communist rule as fitted in with Cold War ideas of democracy and capitalism as inevitable, as people would always want them, and the government that refused democratic reform holding its people back. This paper explains that this was not quite what was shown at Tiananmen Square or in its aftermath of state repression."
This paper relates the history and function of the Illinois Association of Park Districts (IAPD) and other agencies relating to parks, recreation, and wildlife conservation.
Abstract This paper relates that the Illinois Association of Park Districts (IAPD)
was founded as the Illinois Association of Conservation and Park Districts 75 years ago to establish and protection parks and to conserve wildlife. The author points out that the historic ?Park Law Codification Bill?, signed in 1951, combines all the various laws pertaining to the issues of park conservatism into one single section of the state law. The paper relates that, today, each of the more than 40 park districts, forests, and conservation parks in the state of Illinois has a police force to patrol, routinely enforcing laws regarding recreation, hunting, and boating, and especially the use of drugs and alcohol.
From the Paper "The DNR or the Illinois Department of Natural Resources states that its mission is to protect and manage and to conserve the various natural resources that the state of Illinois can very proudly boast of, and to provide those recreational opportunities to interested people that would not harm or spoil these natural resources in any manner. The Educational Department of the DNR was launched in the year 1995, with the primary aim of the development of educational methods and of the training methods involved in the conservation of natural resources of Illinois. It also was to provide hands on training for those persons wanting to indulge in the various outdoor activities that Illinois offers, such as snowmobiling, boating and hunting methods."
