Abstract
In this article, the writer briefly reviews the homelessness crisis afflicting many urban centers in Canada. Specifically, the paper looks at the causes of the problem, the attitudes of politicians and what they have done to combat the scourge. In addition, the writer discusses what can be done to rescue the situation. The writer maintains that social housing and rent supplements will save lives and will also allow Canadian cities to save money by sparing them the burden of having to care for ill and at-risk individuals who lack a roof over their heads.

From the Paper
"When one takes the time to probe into the matter, it is fairly clear - and lamentably so - that politicians have done a poor job of creating an official mandate for bureaucrats that makes them accountable, responsive and congenial to the needs of the most vulnerable members of Canadian society. For instance, homeless women contacted by the Toronto Star in a survey conducted within the last year report that government welfare offices who should be offering assistance to the homeless often view them with borderline disdain. Not to be overlooked, women in Toronto who have used that city's shelters in the past detail the troubling absence of security for women leaving the shelters after using their services. Indeed, a woman named Kathy Kunsman reports that sexual predators would literally line up in close proximity to the shelters so that they could accost women as they left."

Tags:funding, subsidized, housing, programs

Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the homelessness crisis afflicting many urban centers in Canada. Specifically, the paper considers the causes of the problem, the attitudes of politicians and what can be done to rescue the situation. The paper further asserts that social housing and rent supplements will save lives and will also allow Canadian cities to save money by sparing them the burden of having to care for ill and at-risk individuals who lack a roof over their heads.

From the Paper
"The following paper will briefly review the homelessness crisis afflicting many urban centers in Canada. Specifically, the paper will look at the causes of the problem, the attitudes of politicians (and what they have done to combat the scourge) and what can be done to rescue the situation. Simply put, social housing and rent supplements will save lives and will also allow Canadian cities to save money by sparing them the burden of having to care for ill and at-risk individuals who lack a roof over their heads. The causes of homelessness in Canada are many and, from what the available..."

Tags:urban, homelessness, canada

Abstract
This paper discusses how homelessness has been described as a chronic illness affecting all societies regardless of the degree of economic development and overall wealth of the nation. It contends that homelessness seems to be a social ill that, short of mandating public housing facilities for every citizen, cannot be completely eradicated. It also examines how the various research projects that have been tasked with studying this difficult social conundrum have typically approached the issue with strong academic objectives and usually combined with a sincere desire to affect positive change.

Outline
Overview
Homelessness
Dimensions of Homelessness

From the Paper
"Burt has pointed out the causality of homelessness by identifying its three primary causes: structural, individual and governmental (Burt). Yet, all of these various causes are nuanced and tend to manifest themselves either in unique fashions from one society to another or in a complexity of several of them together. As one homeless individual describes his homelessness, the direct impact that governmental policies, local or national, can have on homelessness, is readily apparent (Kerr par.23). Clearly the impact of urban revitalization can be a real stimulant to homelessness because by removing all the low-income housing in an area without supplying new low income housing elsewhere is guaranteeing an increase in the local homelessness rates. "

Tags:wage, children, urban, revitalization

Abstract
This paper explains the inaccuracy of the term 'homelessness' given that vagrancy is merely one facet of a problem that affects thousands of persons who cannot be summarily housed. The paper provides various social science/medical sources and offers a scrutiny of figures on the stopgap measure of shelterization. The paper reveals that in the long term, shelterization is more costly in fiscal and social terms than a national housing policy and healthcare facilities for the mentally ill.

From the Paper
"Mention of homelessness or `the homeless' have been usual in Canada since the late 1980s. As this paper explains, the term of vagrancy may be more accurate given that the condition of homelessness implies far more than being without a material home. If examining the large numbers of persons with mental illness in homeless populations in Western countries, one becomes aware of vagrant persons unable to maintain themselves if housed without assistance. Although matters of poverty eradication, affordable housing and temporary shelter services are important to reducing the..."

Tags:toronto, patient groups, false approach

Abstract
The paper reveals that there has been a significant rise in homelessness in Canada since the mid-1980s. The paper examines three primary factors of homelessness, which include poverty, a lack of affordable housing and the closing of mental illness institutions and hospitals. The paper concludes with the recommendation that the Canadian government increase spending on healthcare and affordable housing.

Outline:
Introduction
The Face of Homelessness
Causes of Homelessness
Conclusion
Recommendations

From the Paper
"There are three terms used to describe homelessness as it relates to time. Chronic homelessness, for example, refers to someone who is homeless on a long-term or repeated basis (Echenberg& Jensen, 2008). Cyclical homelessness however, refers to someone who is homeless due to circumstances such as a recent release from prison; this may be a short or long-term experience (2008). Temporary homelessness, as the name suggests, is a short-term, temporary situation that is the result of an outside event such as a natural disaster (2008).
"The homeless population has changed from being predominantly middle aged men to a diverse population. Since the mid-1980s there has been a shift in the make-up of homeless people, making it a more diverse population. The homeless population in Canada ranges from children to the elderly, with the vast number of homeless between the ages of 30-35 (Pohl, 2001).Women and children are a growing segment within the homeless population with approximately 29% of shelter populations being women (2001).Between 20% and 30% of the homeless population suffers from mental illness and approximately one-third of the population has drug and/or alcohol problems (2001). Interestingly, many homeless people have low-paying jobs, but cannot access affordable housing and must resort to homeless shelters."

Tags:unemployment, poverty, shelters, housing, mental, institutions

Abstract
This paper presents a proposal for a strategic solution to the problem of homelessness in Canadian society. This strategic solution builds upon earlier positive and normative analyses of the issue of homelessness and, as such, is informed by these analyses in certain respects. The paper asserts that homelessness in Canada is primarily the result of economic factors in the housing marketplace. As such, a strategic solution to this problem would necessarily require a social-economic approach rather than an institutional/authoritarian one as has been traditionally the case. The paper relates that an ethical analysis of this problem has shown that, from the perspective of a Kantian rights model, there exists a clear and present necessity for the Canadian state to take action in this regard; action in which the rights of the homeless necessarily takes precedence over the cost of the solution. This ethical element is to be important to a strategic solution given that the most likely solution will require state intervention in the housing markets with a significant political cost to politicians. This being said, the paper argues the thesis that the scale of the homelessness problem necessitates a revision of government planning practices in the marketplace that would be so politically costly that only an assertion of the fundamental rights of the homeless to housing would be sufficient to raise political capital to deal with the problem.

From the Paper
"Given that Toronto politicians clearly possess the authority to deal with the problem of homeless through planning but have not, a strategic solution must address the reasons for this lack of action. Some critics have argued, with reference to Toronto, that there exists a widespread view among municipal officials that Toronto planning should not support the economically marginalized who represent a financial drain on the city's resources. Other studies have noted that while affordable housing may be a politically sensitive issue, the real priority of Canadian municipalities lies in increasing their economic competitiveness and growth, even when this may be at the expense of affordable housing for their poorer citizens.
"In this analysis, we can understand the significance of the Kantian ethical argument to this strategic solution, for clearly the major obstacle to dealing with homelessness is a lack of political will. Developers are, after all, major financial contributors to municipal officials. Also, there seems to be an ideological resistance among officials, as noted by Parnaby, to employ planning tools to help marginal populations."

Tags:planning, resources, citizens, developments

Abstract
This paper explains the problem of homeless in Canada and policy responses to the problem. It identifies causes of homelessness in broader political economic contexts, depicts the cycle of homelessness and recommends some measures to break the cycle.

Abstract
The paper relates that homelessness has been described as a chronic illness affecting all societies regardless of the degree of economic development and overall wealth of the nation; it is pandemic and epidemic in some societies. The paper discusses how some researchers have attributed the cause of homelessness to a series of factors that work to create homelessness from three dimensions.

Tags:social, issues, homelessness

Abstract
This paper is based on Chapter 14 of F. Frisken's book entitled "The Changing Canadian Metropolis", which is called "Urban Sprawl in the Montreal Area - Policies and Trends" by Francois Charbonneau, Pierre Hamel and Michel Barcelo. The author points out that this chapter is about urban sprawl in Montreal and how it is affecting the city itself, particularly the city center of Montreal, because, with the increase in suburbanization, the center has become like a ghost town of sorts. The paper relates that the government implemented some policies, but these were ineffective.

From the Paper
"Chapter 14 of F. Frisken's book entitled "The Changing Canadian Metropolis" is called "Urban Sprawl in the Montreal Area - Policies and Trends" by Francois Charbonneau, Pierre Hamel and Michel Barcelo. The title of this article aptly represents what it is about. It is an effective analysis of the phenomenon of urban sprawl in Montreal. The authors of the article describe the problem of urban sprawl, its timeline, and what led to the problem in the first place. Next, they discuss the policies that the Quebec government used to try and deal with the issue, and what other influences affected the outcome of the policies."

Tags:montreal, urban, sprawl

Abstract
Quantitatively, this paper notes the dispersed nature of Toronto's aboriginal population. Qualitatively, it employs interviews with visitors at an aboriginal drop-in center. It concludes that the urban aboriginal community in Toronto has a low profile due to dispersion, poverty, homelessness, transience and a host of reasons.