Abstract
This paper examines the political implications of urban economic geography. According to the paper, this topic provides an excellent platform to examine some unconventional effects of neo-liberalism. Additionally, it provides a review of the major tenets of neo-liberalism and the implications for the North America urban environment. Specific emphasis is placed on the economic implications of neo-liberalism and how this is integrated with urban geographic development. Some examples will be briefly examined to provide an application to the theory being researched and examined.

From the Paper
"Urban economic geography provides an excellent platform to examine some unconventional effects of neo-liberalism. This paper will provide a review of the major tenets of neo-liberalism and the implications for the North America urban environment. Specific emphasis will be placed on the economic implications of neo-liberalism and how this is integrated with urban geographic development. Some examples will be briefly examined to provide an application to the theory being researched and examined. The paper will provide a unique outlook on geographic thought, since it will be done with the necessary analytical tools used in the social ..."

Tags:neo, liberalism, development, conservative

Abstract
The paper analyzes neo-liberalism within the context of urban economic geography, while simultaneously providing an analysis that shows its progress and impact within the North American region. The paper focuses on the economic implications of neo-liberalism and discusses how, since there are challenges to neo-liberalism, it is imperative that central themes related to the urban economic geography be analyzed. The paper includes color graphs, charts and diagrams.

Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Urban Economic Geography
Neo-liberalism and Urban Restructuring
Growth of Neo-liberalism in North America - Some Contradictions for Urban Economic Geography
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The paper will provide a unique outlook on geographic thought, since it will be done with the necessary analytical tools used in the social sciences. Urban economic geography is one of the few specializations that can simultaneously analyze a complex issue such as neo-liberalism and its economic and political implications in the domestic and international realm and aspects of urban geography. The analysis will provide some insight into the spatial geographic development within the US as the issue is examined within the urban context."

Tags:spatial, diffusion, budget, deficits, surpluses, information, exchange, privatization

Abstract
This paper examines a number of media discussions of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region in the context of scholarly analyses of this phenomenon. The thesis is argued that urban sprawl must be understood in terms of an economic geography analysis that would not only explain the factors contributing to this trend, but also explain its costs in environmental terms as well as its implications for continuing change in land use and economic development in terms of Weberian locational principles. As is seen, the acceleration of urban sprawl risks transforming the equations that have fostered economic growth across the region. The paper shows how unchecked sprawl may result in congestion and increasing transportation costs that, if not addressed by political and business leading, may throttle economic development in the region in the years to come.

From the Paper
"Arguably no land use trend in the Greater Golden Horsehoe region has received more media attention in recent years than has urban sprawl. However, one of the defining characteristics of media representations of this issue has been the tendency of media to focus on isolated aspects of this trend - i.e., the loss of farm land to development or the environmental degradation of the Oak Ridges Moraine - without explaining the broader economic forces that contribute to this trend. In the absence..."

Tags:land, sprawl, canada

Abstract
This paper examines a number of media discussions of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario, Canada, in the context of scholarly analyses of this phenomenon. The paper argues that urban sprawl must be understood in terms of an economic geography analysis. It claims that this perspective would not only explain the factors contributing to this trend, but also explain its costs in environmental terms. The paper also discusses the implications for continuing change in land use and economic development in terms of Weberian locational principles. The paper contains appended original sources.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Media Representations of Urban Sprawl
Media in Context: The Scholarly Literature
Solutions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"As we have seen, while the media representation of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region have generally focused on environmental issues or associated political questions, there has been little attention paid to the broader economic forces that have shaped this land use trend. Through a review of scholarly literature combined with lecture material, it has been demonstrated how we must understand this phenomenon in terms of economic geography to appreciate its historical development as well as how the unchecked acceleration of this process risks increasing transportation costs and thereby - as Weberian locational behavior principles would suggest - undermining the economic future of the entire region. Thus, the necessity for government as a player in this process becomes clear, although the history of planning on this issue would suggest that viable solutions to the problem must incorporate a significant role for market forces as primary elements of change in the future of the region."

Tags:population, demographics, suburban

Abstract
The subject of the paper is gender and geography. The paper argues that gender identities are determined by the fear of public urban spaces. In order to maintain the patriarchy women are convinced that there is something to be afraid of. Men on the other hand build identities as aggressors or protectors. The paper examines how it is not just the physical environment that determines spaces within cities, but also social, political, ideological, economic and cultural factors.

From the Paper
"Spaces within cities are not just determined by the physical environment. Social, political, ideological, economic and cultural factors are just as important. This is what Tracey Skillington is saying in The City as Text when she uses the term "the city as text". Skillington argues, It was by way of a complex system of symbolic interaction that meaning was socially constructed and politically mobilized, that certain cultural codes of interpretation were mediated through the symbolic features of discourse on the city to justify the system of cultural and political authority as it is (Skillington, 1998:458)."

Tags:gender, geography, fear

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that typically, Toronto and the surrounding area are not the first places to come to mind when one is considering the major global hubs throughout the world. Yet, that writer points out that because of its unique location astride the border of two sizeable nations, the United States and Canada, Toronto is certainly a global paradox of both small town mentality and cosmopolitan enterprise. The writer maintains that one primary reason Toronto has evolved into an international crossroads of sort is that from the outset its development was not impaired by any natural barriers that would have prevented early forms of commerce and transportation. The writer concludes that it is clear that, geographically speaking, Toronto is a global region to which its current social, political, and cultural apparatus is presently enhancing. The writer uses several tables and images in this paper to support the information provided.


Outline:
Overview
Economic
Urban
Social
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Clearly, Toronto's geography has facilitated its global stature as a regional centre of commerce as well as immigration."
"Toronto's population is very urban in nature. One attribute of urban, as well as suburban life is transportation and the character a city's transportation habits adopt. Toronto's population is very dependent on all facets of transportation, public and private but especially on individual transportation solutions."

Tags:town, development, commerce, region

Abstract
The paper discusses how while globalization has become a defining factor of the contemporary world order, it should not be forgotten that this complex economic and political phenomenon has also had direct impact at the local level in regions such as the Greater Toronto Area. This paper focuses on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular. The thesis is argued that the impact of globalization and immigration in this regard has been mixed: on the one hand fostering economic growth and the creation of a multicultural society, while on the other increasing social and economic inequality leading to the concentration and segregation of immigrant populations within urban spaces. Beginning first with an outline of globalization and its relationship to immigration in the Canadian context, this paper explores in greater detail the impact of these phenomena upon the local geographies of immigrant settlement in the urban and suburban areas of the Greater Toronto region.

From the Paper
"While globalization has become a defining factor of the contemporary world order, it should not be forgotten that this complex economic and political phenomenon has also had direct impact at the local level in regions such as the Greater Toronto Area. This paper will focus on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular."

Tags:immigration, globalization, economic

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at urban geography and discusses problems and solutions to Ontario cities' problems. The assignment is essentially a report using a strict formula. The writer discusses the issue, looks at the problem and offers recommendations. The solution that is suggested is smart growth.

From the Paper
"Ontario is a city with a wide diversity of human settlements from large cities to small hamlets. Cities are economic and political driving forces in Ontario. However, cities are facing two major challenges. These are decreased provincial transfer payments and increased responsibilities due to provincial downloading. This means that cities in Ontario will have to figure out how to do more with less. Cities in almost every country are being affected by neo-liberal ideology."

Tags:cities, problems, solutions

Abstract
This essay discusses social geography - that is, the way in which geography intersects with social, economic, and demographic issues. Namely, the essay addresses the issue of "race and space". The writer looks at how race is distributed across a given urban landscape, and the implications. In light of this, two Canadian cities - Toronto and Vancouver - are examined in this article.

From the Paper
"Social geography, as the name implies, refers to the intersecting of geography with social issues such as economic, ethnic, racial and religious distribution of people within a given space. Though there are issues related to social geography in literally every geographic area, they are, on a small scale, particularly easy to identify and interpret in certain North American centers; these cities tend to have very high levels of immigration, much of which involves the entry of people who are racial or ethnic minorities."

Tags:social, geography, race

Abstract
The paper discusses how while research into food systems has long been prevalent among scholars in fields such as rural studies, geography, anthropology and economics, to name just a few, it is only in the past decade or so that interest in food systems - and particularly, local foods has emerged as a major issue.

From the Paper
"While research into food systems has long been prevalent among scholars in fields such as rural studies, geography, anthropology and economics, to name just a few, it is only in the past decade or so that interest in food systems - and particularly, local food - has become increasingly widespread among urban planners and those specializing in environmental planning for urban and suburban areas. This paper will critically explore the issue of local food, with particular reference to how this topic is addressed in Smith and MacKinnon's "The 100-Mile Diet: A Year of Local...""

Tags:food, local, globalization