Abstract
The paper examines the general shift in land use in Toronto's Spadina District. The land has been both predominately residential and predominately commercial at different times of the city's history. The paper studies how the size of the district and the changes in the range of dominant uses has affected the development of this district.

From the Paper
"A history of urban development in Toronto's Spadina District is challenged by both the size of the district and the changes in the range of dominant uses in the physical space. As this essay will demonstrate, over the past century and a half the district has experienced a general shift in land use from predominantly residential, to commercial, and more recently back to predominantly residential save for retail stores along the major arteries of Spadina, Queen and King. This shift has reflected both changes in the transportation networks in the district, as well as changes in the demographics of the area's population."

Tags:spadina, history, toronto

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the history of urban development in the Spadina district. The writer provides an overview of this region in Toronto. The writer argues that the history of urban development in this region has been primarily defined by a mixture of entrepreneurial activity interrelated with successive waves of immigrant residential settlement.

From the Paper
"The drafting of a report on the history of urban development in the Spadina district (as covered by the Spadina Trail guides) is complicated by the diverse range of land uses, immigrant settlement, and intra-city migration that have defined development in the area over the past century and a half of time. The region of the Toronto between Front Street to the south and Bloor Street to the north, centering upon Spadina Avenue, is comprised of several distinct neighborhoods which have experienced different development patterns over time."

Tags:history, urban

Abstract
This paper examines waterfront development in Toronto. In particular, it look at the history of waterfront development in Toronto since the 1970s and at how the current waterfront is falling short as a tourist attraction and as a business enterprise. The paper finally suggests which course of action makes the most sense for Toronto, as it strives to produce a twenty-first century waterfront, and then discusses these options.

From the Paper
"Moving forward, many critics are eager to point out that Toronto's tourism industry has been in a steady free-fall since the late 1990s and that Toronto's waterfront has not done its part in piquing the interest of outside visitors ("Aquarium Yes, Humanitas No," 2005: A18). Such frustration has convinced some that Fong's idea of catering to high-income "yuppies" is misguided; instead of trying to make Toronto's waterfront a place that hi-tech companies and their employees will find desirable, the focus should shift to designating aesthetically-pleasing "green spaces" along the waterfront. In fact, some seem to privilege keeping sections of the waterfront "green" more so than they do the idea of turning it into a place for low-income housing (Stefanovic, 2002: 304-315)."

Tags:harbor, Yonge, Ontario

Abstract
This paper examines the City of Toronto in the context of three models of urban development. The Burgess Concentric Zone Model, Hoyt's Sector Model and the Multiple Nuclei Model of Ullman and Harris are outlined. They are applied to the City of Toronto and their validity assessed.

Abstract
The paper discusses how the urban areas of Ontario and Toronto are experiencing urban sprawl. The paper describes the characteristics of urban sprawl and how it can be measured. The paper looks at urban sprawl's negative impacts on the environment, taxpayers and on the population's cultural and social life. The paper offers recommendations for future land-use development that will sustainably manage growth and discourage urban sprawl.

Outline:
Issue
Analysis
Recommendations

From the Paper
"Urban sprawl is not easy to define. "To paraphrase the United States Supreme Court's long-ago ruling on pornography, most people can't define sprawl--but they know it when they see it" (Fulton et al, 2001). Urban sprawl is a phenomenon that occurs around metropolitan areas, usually represented by suburbs, and it involved the spread of cities and the urbanization or areas around it previously undeveloped, used for agriculture or green fields and forests.
"There are several characteristics of urban sprawl by which it can be recognized. First, the land-use is segregated and usually entails single use zoning. This means that residential, commercial and industrial areas are separated from one another. Often there are large undeveloped, empty areas between them. Because these areas are separated, traveling from one to the other can only be done with a car."

Tags:suburbs, cities, urbanization, fields, low-density, development

Abstract
This paper comparatively examines the urban forms of Toronto and those of Beijing in the People's Republic of China. The paper particularly emphasizes the environmental problem of air pollution in both cities. The paper argues that the primary source of Beijing's air pollution today is the city's antiquated dependency upon coal as the fuel of choice for both personal use as well as for the vast industries situated near the city. The paper then shows how the solutions developed for the air pollution problem in Toronto could be applied to Beijing.

From the Paper
"One study of Beijing residents' views on this issue yielded surprising results. It was found that the citizens of Beijing proper (i.e., the core of the city, and its more built-up areas) were willing to pay a proposed tax for a reduction in the air pollution of Beijing. Interestingly enough, however, the case was very different in the suburban areas of the city, where residents were not as willing to pay for better air quality. It should be noted that there was a socio-economic difference between these two groups, with the urban dwellers being of a higher class and economic status. (Wang et al 196)."

Tags:coal, atmospheric, urban, automobile

Abstract
The paper refers to problems of the late 20th century urban growth in Toronto, in keeping with various North American centres. The paper discusses solutions ventured in USA and UK. The paper includes much commentary on the increased class gap in the last decades due to neo-liberal economic planning and policies and the needs to address re-development in ways that unifies the public. The paper has references to hyper-urbanization and its typical dangers, positive correctives in UK/USA and a broad bibliography.

From the Paper
"This paper addresses 20th century cities having grown unchecked that require urgent responses, in relation to the central Canadian city of Toronto. Ideals of urban renewal, or urban `regeneration' point to problems shared by various cities in the developed West, and beyond. A strong argument is made for the more cultural problems of overgrown cities that aggravate other problems, promising worse situations in the future, unless alterations are made. Jane Jacobs noted in, "The Death and Life of Great American Cities," that several American cities had `run their courses', in the forms they had had and needed redevelopment."

Tags:urbanrenewal, classchange, cooperation

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines waterfront development in Canada's largest city. In particular, the writer looks at the history of waterfront development in Toronto since the 1970s and likewise looks at how the current waterfront is falling short as a tourist attraction and as a business entrepot. Further, the writer also discusses what options are available to the city at the present time.

From the Paper
"Finally, the ensuing paper will offer a suggestion as to which course of action makes the most "sense" for Toronto as it strives to produce a twenty-first century waterfront. In the final analysis, a re-modeling of Queen's Quay and a concomitant effort to remove the Gardiner from the shore front are two critical parts of a large effort (and cost-effective) project which will make the lake shore more cost-effective and allow Toronto to reclaim some of the "green space" along the waterfront that has been lost in recent decades."

Tags:urban, development, Toronto

Abstract
The paper explores the broad parameters for a subsequent paper examining urban development in Toronto. In particular, the paper examines the issue of waterfront development in Toronto as this area has become a fairly contentious plot of land that invites rival business and civic groups to do battle over what should be done. The paper explains why this is an important topic by looking at what the economic and social implications of waterfront development are for Toronto. The paper lists a number of questions for subsequent research to resolve. The paper aims to provide an appreciation that urban development in a city as complex and multi-faceted as Toronto is never easy, and this is never more apparent than when the discussion turns to its much-maligned waterfront.

From the Paper
"The following research proposal will set out the broad parameters for a subsequent paper examining urban development in Toronto. In particular, the paper will look at the issue of waterfront development in Toronto as this area has become a fairly contentious plot of land that invites rival business and civic groups to do battle over what should be done. Suffice it to say, the issue is significant for a number of reasons. Over the next several pages, time will be devoted to outlining why this is an important topic by looking at what the economic and social implications of waterfront development are for Toronto. Proceeding further, the paper will..."

Tags:waterfront, toronto, planning

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that typically, Toronto and the surrounding area are not the first places to come to mind when one is considering the major global hubs throughout the world. Yet, that writer points out that because of its unique location astride the border of two sizeable nations, the United States and Canada, Toronto is certainly a global paradox of both small town mentality and cosmopolitan enterprise. The writer maintains that one primary reason Toronto has evolved into an international crossroads of sort is that from the outset its development was not impaired by any natural barriers that would have prevented early forms of commerce and transportation. The writer concludes that it is clear that, geographically speaking, Toronto is a global region to which its current social, political, and cultural apparatus is presently enhancing. The writer uses several tables and images in this paper to support the information provided.


Outline:
Overview
Economic
Urban
Social
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Clearly, Toronto's geography has facilitated its global stature as a regional centre of commerce as well as immigration."
"Toronto's population is very urban in nature. One attribute of urban, as well as suburban life is transportation and the character a city's transportation habits adopt. Toronto's population is very dependent on all facets of transportation, public and private but especially on individual transportation solutions."

Tags:town, development, commerce, region