Abstract
This paper explains that, in September 1944, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of "Korematsu v. United States" (1944) by a 6-3 vote, to uphold Korematsu's conviction for violating the order to evacuate the West Coast. The author points out that the majority ruling was written by Hugo Black, Felix Frankfurter wrote a concurring opinion and dissenting opinions were written by Robert Jackson, Owen Roberts, and Frank Murphy. The paper stresses that, in this case, the Court placed a heavy burden on anyone trying to defend racial discrimination even though the Court allowed such discrimination against Fred Korematsu. The author argues that, nonetheless, the Court should have protected Korematsu's constitutional rights.

From the Paper
"Fred Korematsu was an American citizen of Japanese ancestry and lived in the San Francisco Bay area. He had a good job and a steady girlfriend, and he decided not to obey the relocation order. He went so far as to have plastic surgery performed on his face, and he told strangers that he was of Mexican descent, or Spanish-Hawaiian. This was not an effective ploy, though, and Korematsu was arrested in May 1942 for failing to comply with the evacuation order."

Tags:discrimination wartime extraordinary, civil rights, president

Abstract
This paper discusses business in the United States with particular emphasis on business since the mid-1800s. The author has divided the paper in order to explore American business according to specific timelines namely, colonial times to 1850, 1850 to 1900, 1900 to WWII, Post WWII and the Internet Age.

From the Paper
"The history of business in the United States is to some degree the history of international business over the past several centuries. Indeed the voyages of Columbus were funded because it was hoped ..."

Tags:business, history

Abstract
The paper looks at the history of Japan after WWI. The events described are the conquering and occupation of Manchuria in China, the Panay Incident, the actions taken by the US towards Japan and the actions taken by Japan after WWI. The paper also looks at the Japanese government's instability during that period. The paper concludes that the actions taken by the Japanese in World War II were a direct result of the relationship that had developed between the United States and Japan between World War I and World War II.

From the Paper
"The period between World War I and World War II was a tumultuous time for the world. From the focus of most of the civilized world, the majority of the trouble was arising from Europe. There were two countries that were threatening the free world with their oppressive ideals, and hand banded together for their mutual benefit. With Hitler heading the Nazis in Germany, and Mussolini heading the Fascists in Italy, the future of Europe was hanging in the balance. These dilemmas, however, were not the only ones the world would have to deal with. In the Pacific, an alien and seemingly remote country, that until just under a century ago had been totally un-industrialized, was threatening its neighboring Asian countries. Using their powers of adaptation and an indomitable spirit, they had forced themselves into being one of the most powerful nations in the world. The Japanese had seen what the world had to offer, and had immersed themselves into becoming a force in the world instead of becoming a province of another world power. The nation they would become, in accordance to their method of borrowing outside concepts and re-conceiving them with a distinct Japanese identity attached, was heavily dependent on the interactions that they would experience with other nations. The actions taken by the Japanese in World War II were a direct result of the relationship that had developed between the United States and Japan between World War I and World War II. The major events the shaped this relationship were the incidents occurring in China, instabilities within the Japanese government, and the actions taken by the United States towards Japan."

Tags:foreign, relations, attack, army, navy, emperor, democracy, Anti-Immigration, segregation, acts, embargo, Kellogg-Briand, Versailles

Abstract
This paper begins by examining the broad issue of trade that affects the United States and Japan today. The paper then takes a look at the cultural and historical factors that have led to Japanese dominance in business. Finally, the paper considers how the Japanese gains in automobile market share have affected the United States and the world economy, as well as the problems and the opportunities facing business in an international setting given these circumstances.

From the Paper
"The United States and Japan have an interesting relationship. It was not so long ago that Japan was the sworn enemy of the United States, intent on the downfall of the United States. It was Japan that destroyed Pearl Harbor, dragging the United States into World War II. The fighting in Europe was intense, but fighting in the Pacific was more arduous, filled with more danger, against an enemy whose cruelty seemed to know no bounds. Stories of the war that fill high school history textbooks include the Japanese basically going on suicide, or Kamikaze missions to destroy U.S. naval power. The books tell a story of soldiers who buried POW's in the sand up to their necks, propped the POW's mouths open with sticks, and allowed local ants and other insects to feed on the soft tissue of the POW's mouths and throats. In response to this threat, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on two of Japan's cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It was after the Japanese surrender that the relationship between the two countries became really interesting."

Tags:sony honda toyota mitsubishi, acura japanese dumping products non-tariff barriers

Abstract
This paper describes the development and implementation of policies designed to tear down the previous totalitarian structure of the Japanese government. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of these policies by Douglas MacArthur and the impact they had. The structure the Japanese government developed is also described.

From the Paper
"The conclusion of the War in the Pacific on September 2, 1945, ushered in a new age in Japan. The United States led Allied Occupation of Japan, which was to continue for the next six and a half years, drastically altered the economic, social and political direction of Japan for years to come. Through a series of policies the US attempted to restructure Japan as a democratic nation, free from the constraints of communism."

Tags:allied, america, democratic, japanese, militaristic, occupation, post, rebuilding, restructuring, usa, wwii

Abstract
This paper explains that its geography and demography gave the U.S. the initial capacity to invest U.S. capital thus becoming a mighty engine of world finance, gathering increments of power by bolstering old enterprises or by opening new enterprises. The author points out that W.W. II literally forced America to become an internationalist nation; the period after W.W. II marked a transition to a new phase of nationalist feeling incorporating a militarist emphasis in foreign policy and an increasing anxiety about security. The paper states that the use of atomic bombs in Japan to end W.W. II was a watershed event in history and ultimately proved to be the catalyst in propelling the U.S. into the elite club of world superpowers at the time: Today, America is the only superpower in the world.

Table of Content
The Early Years
This Land Is Our Land
National Interest
Economy As A Factor In Superpower Status
Strategy of Containment
Other Ingredients That Made America A Superpower
The Dynamism of American World Power
In Conclusion

From the Paper
"In any calculus of the world's resources - immediate, reserve and potential - America leads the procession of the nations, with even the Soviet Union following at a distance. America was estimated (in 1950) to have 30 percent of the world's harnessed water power and to produce 42 percent of the world's total electrical power from all sources - about 430 billion kilowatt hours (Western Europe produced 25 percent, the Soviet Union eight percent). It used 60 percent of the world's total petroleum production and 25 percent of its total coal production. Its per-capita use of electrical energy from all sources increased from 455 kilowatt-hours in 1924 to 3,000 kilowatt-hours in 1954, and its per-capita use of total mechanical energy was like that derived from burning eight tons of coal for every person."

Tags:investment, wwii, militarist, security, atomic-bombs

Abstract
The paper discusses how the Navajo, like many other native tribes, readily served in WWII despite the fact that the United States had subverted and even arguably annihilated its culture. The paper attempts to shed light on this and suggests that the belated recognition of culture by a recognized representative of white culture and society, the military, was a source of motivation for them.

From the Paper
"The Navajo Code Talkers are a fascinating group of individuals who served in WWII as radio transmitters, mainly in the Marines. (Townsend 145) The complex and relatively unknown language of the Navajo served as a concentrated and ready made medium for transmitting military information in a secure manner to ensure the safety and integrity of military operations. The concept of Native American's serving in the military was not completely new but it took the very popular WWII as well as the indoctrination of hundreds of thousands of Native people's into the white culture, mainly through white education systems for the native peoples to eagerly seek enlistment in the American military. Although the United States basically annihilated the Native American Indian tribes, Indian men from the Navajo nation seemed more than willing to enlist in military service just fifty years later in 1941, when asked to do so specifically for the purpose of code transmission. (Townsend 145)"

Tags:transmissions, language, culture

Abstract
This paper describes the inhumane treatment American POWs received at the hands of their Japanese captors during WWII and how they were forced, through the use of beatings, starvation, and torture, to unwillingly and illegally work to serve Japan's war effort. The paper also looks at the terrible injustices these POWs continue to suffer because of the United States' failure to acknowledge these atrocities and pay reparations.

From the Paper
"The U.S. government denied Tenney's lawsuit, and similar lawsuits, by siding with the Japanese. From Parade, "...the U.S. government stepped in on behalf of the Japanese and...succeeded in getting them (the lawsuits) dismissed by Vaughn R. Walker, a federal judge in the Northern District of California...Judge Walker declared...that the fact that we had won the war was enough of a payoff: "The immeasurable bounty of life for themselves [the POWs] and their posterity in a free society services the debt."" The federal judge ruled that the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 waived further claims of wartime atrocities against Japan and its nationals. This treaty stemmed from the post-World War II need to secure Japan as an ally against the Soviets in the Cold War (ibid)."

Tags:mitsubishi, kawasaki, toyo-kogyo, toyota, copper, mines, hell, ships, nippon, steel

Abstract
The attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States? involvement in World War II changed the face of women in society, and the nursing profession, in particular, forever. This paper explains that women were recognized as having just as vital a role to play in their nation?s defense as the men, and as a result, nursing was taken quite seriously as a profession. It shows how standards were implemented with regards to expectation and training, and nurses were trained to be pseudo-doctors, performing many of the same tasks as did the male doctors with whom they worked. It concludes that, as a result, society had a more enhanced perception of nursing as a valued profession because of these women?s actions during the aftermath of Pearl Harbor and during the war.

From the Paper
"The events of Pearl Harbor and other events during the course of World War II played a large role in helping to change the country's perception of nurses. These dedicated women were now taken more seriously and, as a result, the environment in which nurses learned and worked changed. At the time Pearl Harbor was attacked, the United States was facing a serious shortage of nurses. President Franklin Roosevelt issued a call for more nurses, and the military, in an effort to help fulfill the country's need, responded by offering programs designed to induce women to join the military and become nurses. One of the most successful programs, although not a military program per se, was the United States Cadet Nurse Corps. From here, women often went on to join the military as nurses and served with great distinction."

Tags:treatment, care, medical, injured, wounded, soldier

Abstract
The paper discusses the tensions that existed between the United States and France after World War II. The paper explains how misunderstandings contributed to the tension and includes the history of alliances between the two countries. The paper further explains how conditions in post war France were a breeding ground for discontent.

From the Paper
"The relationship between France and the United States has historically been marked by tension and misunderstanding. This is all the more remarkable given the long history of alliance between the two nations and their shared passion for liberty and all its trappings. Much of the modern tension between the two nations can be attributed to the traumatic events of World War II. Proud France was conquered and occupied by Nazi Germany and many French people collaborated with the Nazi regime."

Tags:france, us, liberation, WWII