Abstract
This paper briefly explores Dostoevsky's, 'Notes from Underground', and lays out the basic theme of the text. Specifically, the paper argues that Dostoevsky's underground man is reacting against the scientific rationality, reason, mechanistic preoccupations (that is to say, the newly-emergent nineteenth century notion that man is a product of biological, universal and natural laws from which there can be no deviation) and artificiality of his time; in a sense, to the extent that it rebels against the "rational, progressive man" of the nineteenth century, the underground man almost appears to anticipate the cynicism of Nietzsche and his disdain of traditional morality and his equally notorious conviction that people need to live life "vitally".

From the Paper
"With all that in mind, the paper will look at several facets of Dostoevsky's argument: his revulsion at the pain of "thinking too much"; his revulsion at the idea that the "messiness" of human behavior can be squeezed into some kind of mathematical formula; and his conviction that thinking excessively distracts people away from pursuing the things which satisfy their needs - even if those things can cause them pain. In the end, human beings are miserable because they are forever trying to get away from what they truly are."

Tags:underground

Abstract
The paper reveals that the size and significance of underground illegal foreign trade is disturbing, for illicit trafficking in drugs, weaponry and multiple other forms of contraband is accelerating and intensifying throughout the world, and is draining billions of dollars from the U.S. economy. The paper argues that the United States government has not been very effective in countering underground illegal foreign trade because its interdiction and enforcement efforts are ill-equipped and under-funded. The paper maintains that most of the law enforcement and national security resources of the federal government are focused on anti-terrorism, which has enabled transnational criminals to expand their activities with little fear of apprehension and prosecution.

From the Paper
"The size and significance of underground illegal foreign trade is disturbing, for illicit trafficking in drugs, weaponry and multiple other forms of contraband is accelerating and intensifying throughout the world, and is draining hundreds of billions of dollars from the global economy. The United States government has not been very effective in countering underground illegal foreign trade because its interdiction and enforcement efforts are ill-equipped and under-funded. Most of the law enforcement and..."

Tags:illegal, underground, trade

Abstract
This paper discusses how, at its very essence, "Notes from the Underground" is a confession and a memoir with one caveat, it is not intended to be read. The paper relates that, as the reader studies the book, it quickly becomes evident that the purpose of the narrator's writing is not necessarily to be truthful and that there is a strong self-deception in the narrator that rapidly becomes evident. The paper further examines how this deception can be seen in three areas: the Underground Man's reason behind writing the memoir, his rapid emotional changes, and his profound amount of self-blame.

From the Paper
"Another key indicator of self-deception in Notes from the Underground is the narrator's rapid changes of mind and emotion. It is difficult for the narrator to be honest when he cannot sustain a consistent emotional state. Although he may try, he is unable to truly be objective and honest in his actions and thoughts. This deception is evident in Part Two, where he describes his relations with Liza. In this story, we see a strong sense of self-deception. The Underground Man strives to create a truth, or perhaps better stated, tries to construct a situation in a certain way. "

Tags:Underground, Man, Liza, truth, narrator

Abstract
This paper discusses the novel "Notes from Underground," by Fyodor Dostoevsky, and how his creation of the "underground man" has influenced Russian and other literature. The writer describes Dostevsky's underground man, who is in essence an anti-hero, and explains what makes him such a revolutionary and original character for his time. The writer also discusses several Russian writers who either created characters in imitation of Dostoevsky's underground man or in reaction to him. The paper concludes that traces of the underground man can be found everywhere in contemporary novels, and he will not go out of style, since the debate each person has within themselves about their purpose on this planet will always be at the forefront of human consciousness.

From the Paper
"Dostoevsky's best skill as a writer was his ability to convey complex philosophical ideas through characters and plots. He chose to communicate both his religious and political ideas through fiction instead of non-fiction. Because his novels involve fictional characters and are not too caught up in an exact historical moment, they are still relevant to social problems today. Even so, in Dostoevsky's cornerstone novel, Notes from Underground, he chose to be more explicit by writing the first section of the novel in philosophical prose, and the second as narrative fiction depicting the previous parts' ideas."

Tags:morbid, individuality, suffering, love, misfortune, misery, existentialism

Abstract
The paper briefly discusses Harriet Tubman, the primary individual linked to the Underground Railroad, and explains the injustice that inspired the bravery of Tubman and others. The paper looks at the legends and facts concerning the Underground Railroad's escape route. The paper then notes the participation of Thomas Garrett and Laura Haviland in the Underground Railroad, which provides evidence that it was not only black individuals and Quakers who were involved in the Underground Railroad.

Outline:
Introduction
Harriet Tubman-Moses
The Injustice that Fired the Heart of Tubman and Others
The Legend and the Facts
Not Only Blacks in the Underground Railroad Movement
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Underground Railroad was not a railroad in reality but instead was a mode of escape for many slaves from the bonds of slavery. While a great deal of legend surrounds the Underground Railroad, nevertheless, the Underground Railroad did exist and did serve to assist slaves in the South to Freedom in the North. Whether or not their lives were actually bettered by this freedom is another story. The work of Bordewich (2005) relates that slavery in North America "was born in the moist, flat tidewater country along Chesapeake Bay, and the lower Delaware, James and Rappannock rivers, where tobacco growing first made English settlement profitable.""

Tags:Harriet, Tubman, Thomas, Garrett, Laura, Haviland, escape, route

Abstract
This paper explains that, although the use of slavery became a legal system in the United States, there were still many free Americans who were against slavery and often assisted people of African descent attempting to escape their life of slavery. The author relates that the Underground Railroad was a name given to a system that, despite the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, was ran by a vast network of people, mostly abolitionists, which helped runaway slaves escape to the northern states and eventually to Canada. The paper questions if the Brooklyn house said to be owned by Harriet Truesdell, a supporter of the Underground Railway and believed to have been one of the possible 'stations' of the Underground Railroad network should be preserved.

Table of Contents:
History of Slavery in the United States
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad in Brooklyn

From the Paper
"Although it was claimed that the Underground Railroad has numerous stations and stretched to several states from the south to the northern states and while it is clear that New York has a role in the movement, it is still not clear as to whether or not Brooklyn was one of the areas that the Underground Railroad used during its movement. It might be possible that there were houses in Brooklyn that were used as 'stations' for fugitive slaves but there are no clear evidences that would prove this. This might be a result of the different methods that the movement was using to keep their actions undetected."

Tags:shameful, abolitionists, penalties, stations, secretive

Abstract
This paper explains how the narrator in Dostoevsky's work represents the underground condition. A consideration of the narrator shows that the underground condition refers to a person defined by rejection and alienation, loneliness, a life based on fantasy, and anger and spite. Each of these aspects of the underground life is considered, with a focus on showing how these aspects define the person's life and on showing why the underground man acts the way he does.

From the Paper
"The "underground condition" is associated with being disconnected, alienated, and rejected. The narrator explains that he is an orphan and that his relatives sent him away to school because they did not love him. At school, he was teased and hated by his peers. The narrator's life then has been based on a series of rejections. This rejection in early life has had a significant impact on the narrator's adult life. While in adulthood he should be able to gain control and seek acceptance, he finds himself unable to do so. The narrator has come to view himself as a rejected individual. This assumption then defines all his new relationships. In response, he acts in ways that cause him to be rejected from others. This is seen in his relationships with his workmates, with the people he meets at work, and his relationship with Liza. This is even seen in the way he writes the book, where he manages to isolate the reader. For example, at the start of the book he tells the reader that he was wicked official."

Tags:condition, life, detached

Abstract
This paper examines how Dostoevsky's "Notes from Underground" offers the underground man as a highly astute critic of society. The paper claims that the underground man celebrates freedom in the face of all adversity, seeks freedom in his every action. It argues that the philosophy he espouses centers on the distinction between the rational and the irrational faculties and what follows from the conflict between the two. He specifically rejects the rational and finds that those who accept the rational as a basis for their lives are reduced as human beings and made less natural and more mechanical. The paper maintains that what the underground man celebrates instead is emotion, the irrational, and in a sense the unexamined. The paper holds that he withdraws from the social order, lives on his own terms, and celebrates freedom above governance in all things. The paper concludes that he does not mourn for the fact that long-term governance is not possible, but only observes that this is so and suggests that living outside the norms of society is a better choice in any case.

From the Paper
"The underground man chooses freedom over structure, but this choice is ironic. He chooses the freedom to do whatever he wants to do, but he says that the only answer for the intelligent man is to do nothing at all. Still, he sees the human being as made up of impulses that make the individual unpredictable. It might be best for the intelligent man to do nothing at all, but this might not be the decision the intelligent man makes. The underground man seems to have been shaped by forces that have determined what his decisions will be, but he is still able to make those decisions and is still influenced by both rational and irrational impulses as he does so."

Tags:society, rationality, imagination

Abstract
Before focusing on the significant role that the Underground Railway played in American history, this paper briefly takes a look at the institution of slavery in early America and its economic importance for the developing country . The paper then explains that the secret network of people that served to free blacks from slavery, known as the Underground Railway Railroad, is significant because it illustrates the division between the states that would later cost so many lives, the power of Americans to fight unjust laws, and the fortitude of a people who struggled to attain their natural human rights. Additionally, the paper also reviews several books on the topic of the Underground Railroad, pointing out both their strengths and weaknesses.

From the Paper
"The specific term "Underground Railroad" did not come into existence until the 1830s. According to legend, a runaway slave named Tice Davis escaped from the slave state of Kentucky into Ohio, and hitched a ride on an underground railroad to escape his owner who was in hot pursuit. It is no coincidence that the first steam-powered locomotive made its appearance in America in the 1830s as well; the idea that a magical train could deliver slaves to salvation had an undeniable appeal to children and adults alike. Yet, the realities of the systems of hideouts and midnight treks were far less glamorous and far more perilous than most ever imagined."

Tags:slave, traders, democratic, foundations, united, states, slavery, created, equal, abolishment

Abstract
This paper describes the life of the Underground Man in Dostoevsky's work, "Notes from the Underground". It analyzes his ways of thought from a naturalist perspective. The paper shows how the Underground Man is a romantic dreamer, living in a fantasy world and unable to make his own decisions.

From the Paper
"Dostoevsky's Notes from the Underground is a critical commentary and rebellion from the traditional romantic view that had been so popular in previous eras. Dostoevsky belongs to the naturalist and realist school of thought, which emphasize the idea that life is hard and complex, and we must deal with it. This contrasts with the romantic thoughts regarding life as simple, beautiful and correlated to nature. In his work Dostoevsky uses each of these conflicting views to build the mindset of the protagonist known as the Underground Man (UM). The UM is a very intricate individual. While he is very shy and reserved, he deeply craves attention. He desperately wants to succeed, but is constantly setting himself up for failure. He feels superior to others by recognizing he own inferiority. It seems that the UM's life is full of contradictions and it is this life that are meant to represent human nature."

Tags:cowardice, Liza, brotherhood