Abstract
This paper examines use of rate of return and annual cash flow analysis techniques to evaluate the relative benefits to the military member of investing in the U.S. government Thrift Savings Plan or the Roth IRA. This paper includes charts, graphs and calculations. The author of the paper states that the analysis are only an average of historical returns, future performance is not guaranteed.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Assumptions
Historical Trend Data
Rate of Return Analysis
Annual Cash Flow Analysis
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Enlisted members of the United States Armed Forces have, just within the last year, been given a new vehicle through which to invest their retirement money--the government Thrift Savings Plan, or TSP. Available to civilian federal employees for years past, the TSP works much like a 401(k) plan works in the private sector, offering "military members the potential to supplement military retirement significantly and also reduce current taxes by contributing from pre-tax dollars and watching tax-deferred earnings accumulate" (Air Force News Archive, 2002, n.p.). The current limit on annual contributions for service members is capped at seven percent of a member's base pay, but that limit is expected to increase to ten percent by the year 2005 (Air Force News Service, 2002)."

Tags:base, employees, federal, government, investment, ira, members, military, pay, retirement, roth, savings, service, strategies, tsp, invest

Abstract
This well-researched paper explores the term democracy, while focusing on the general makeup of the U.S. government. The writer contends that democracy is a government by the people, for the people, run directly by them or through their duly elected representatives. This paper details the history of the American voting system, which is a key activity of a modern democracy. The writer of this paper discusses and cites various portions of the the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights, which establishes the legislative branch of the government. This paper examines the historic events that led to the 1776 War of Independence between America and Britain. This paper briefly discusses the current political climate in America, while also supplying a brief overview of the democratic and republican platforms.

From the Paper
"The downward trend of less party affiliation and less party voting proceeded from the simple argument that one did not need to be a Republican or a Democrat to pave a road. Those who favor nonpartisan elections claim that the job of a member of the city council is not to debate on national issues but to maintain the neighborhood part, keep it clean and fix occasional potholes and these functions do not need partisan solutions. Nonpartisan election was a reform introduced by the Progressive Party at the turn of the 20th century. The Progressive Party wanted city governments to respond more to community needs and less to self-interested party manipulation. Non-partisan elections would remove party influence from the race; allow candidates who do not need to adjust their ideas to the approval of parties to run; and compel voters to search out more information on a candidate. Advocates say that a more active and informed citizenry would increase voter turnout."

Tags:congress, voting, senate, u.s., american, government, election, history, adminstration, presidency, political

Abstract
This paper includes five short essays that address the following five questions: 1) Should the U.S. continue to invest in the space program; 2) Should oil drilling be allowed on public lands; 3) Are government-sponsored T.V. shows ok for children to watch; 4) Should the U.S. government provide parents with vouchers for school choice programs; and 5) Should alcohol and tobacco products be banned in the U.S.?

From the Paper
"According to U.S. National Space Policy, for half a century the U,.S. has led the world in space explanation and use and has developed a solid civil, commercial and national security foundation. For these and a variety of other reasons, America must continue to invest significantly in its space program. From my perspective there are two major issues that should serve as drivers for more investment in the space program. The first of these is the depletion of natural resources..."

Tags:Theodore Roosevelt, Star Wars, private school, minorities, lower-income, Prohibition, taxes, environment, natural resources

Abstract
The author of this essay presents the standard libertarian position against government involvement in the business world. The premise of this paper, that the U.S. government's role should be restricted to protecting life and property of the citizens and should not have an essential role in regulating American businesses, is supported by citing the philosophy of Adam Smith from "The Wealth of Nations", by asserting that the economic prosperity that resulted from Roosevelt's domestic interventionist policies is largely myth, and that altruism, as a form of government philosophy, is unrealistic and impractical.

From the Paper
"Ever since Adam Smith argued for laissez faire capitalism in his monumental treatise, The Wealth of Nations (1776), it has been proved time and again that the philosophy of "division of labor" and pursuit of "self interest" by the individual, results in creation of unprecedented wealth; thus improving the standard of living for everybody. This is because the division of labor results in a multiplier effect in which the society benefits tremendously from the sum of specialized knowledge of each individual. Furthermore, the freedom to pursue self interest by every individual to create wealth for oneself is the most powerful incentive imaginable and it ultimately works for the benefit of the whole society. The capitalist system, however, falters if the government interferes with the process in the form of "regulations." The degree of damage done to the economy is usually in direct proportion to the extent of the interference."

Tags:economic, negative, effects, socialist, communist, interference, governmental, control, mixed, economies

Abstract
In this paper the writer discusses the scrutiny executed by the Department of Justice's Bureau of Investigation, U.S. military intelligence and the Postmaster General's Office, as well as the actions of the British colonial power in Jamaica, all in hopes of suppressing Garvey's "radicalism."

From the Paper
"Late in the spring of 1918, Marcus Garvey, a 28-year-old aspiring journalist and self-appointed "race leader," came to the attention of federal authorities as he preached black redemption on a Harlem street corner. During the evenings, Garvey gave sidewalk speeches on Lennox Avenue between 134th and 137th streets (Hill 1983, 1:281), a favorite gathering place for blacks in Harlem. That northern section of Manhattan was rapidly becoming black America's cultural center, with the inauguration of the so-called "Harlem Renaissance" (Clarke 1974, 181.) A Jamaican immigrant who arrived in New York two years earlier, Garvey preached vigorously to rapt curbside audiences of pride in the black race, of economic justice and of racial equality."

Tags:radicalism, black, racism, justice, harlem

Abstract
Explores the question of the legitimacy of the United States government using Locke's political philosophy of Contractarianism and his Principle of Legitimacy. This explanation includes a definition and a discussion of the purpose of government, Locke's Principle of Legitimacy, the idea of consent and why consent leads to a legitimate government.

From the Paper
"In order to discuss why a government is a legitimate one, the definition of government must first be established. A dictionary definition of the word government reads as:
"The organization or apparatus through which a governing individual or body functions and exercises authority." The United States government fits this definition simply by having authority and exercising it over a group of people through being an official organization. The government of the United States was set up and laid out by the Constitution for the intention of ruling and benefiting its citizens. In the specific example of the United States a governing individual does not rule, but a governing body with an official head rules. The three branches of the government, executive, legislative, and judicial, serve as an organization through which authority is exercised. Government, according to Locke, also has a specific purpose. The purpose of Locke's legitimate government is "to protect property," which means it must supply the three things that are absent in the state of nature: settled law, judges, and enforcement power. "

Tags:contractarianism, legitimacy, legitimate, philosophy, political, principle

Abstract
This paper explains that, when the original thirteen colonies declared independence from Great Britain in 1776, most governmental structures were monarchical based and centralized on strong governmental powers, which is very different from what the founding fathers finally achieved. The author points out that the government of the United States is unusual in the size and scope of its government because it is largely based on a limited fragmented government, its political parties are weak and its public policies are insubstantial compared to other countries. The paper relates that these unusual structures were developed because of a deep seeded mistrust of governing powers.

From the Paper
"The playing field that the country sits on financially is on unequal footing, tax breaks for the rich and imbalanced taxing of the middle class. If we are to live in an egalitarian society, wealth needs to be somewhat redistributed in a somewhat symmetrical manner. Higher taxation rates (at a rate where the rich are taxed a bit more than the working class) would widely open the door to opportunities to those who are impoverished and place them at a higher ergonomic status and possibly bring down the financially elite to a more humanitarian status. I agree with the thought of living in an egalitarian society, but I see it has being virtually impossible. The closest that our society can become to being egalitarian is to adopt a more European government. In order for change to be implemented within our society, we must be able to trust the government, centralize authority, and agree to higher taxes. Faultily, it is "easier to block or veto than to act or enact." Questioning and impeding our government is not going to achieve a social simpatico."

Tags:individualistic, checks-balance, constitution, federalist, change

Abstract
This paper explains the controversy surrounding the marked increase in the govern financial support of families with dependent children by such programs as Medicaid, food stamps, housing subsidies and child nutrition programs. The author points out that, although some people are under the impression that it is welfare that causes a major financial difficulty for the government, corporate welfare, such as tax reduction and write-offs, is a large and growing component of the federal budget. The paper recommends that these federal subsidies to corporations be removed or reduced and the funds used to promote programs to support and protect children.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Analysis
Solutions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"No single policy of the government like no faults divorce or increased employment of women lead to this. The market economy now views individuals as producers and this makes occupational roles are more important than family roles. Some of the results of this can be seen directly in the father who sits in the office for extra time rather than taking his child to the softball game. This father is concentrating on the pay raise that will come the next time. This is what makes young people say that they can't afford to marry. Certainly their lifestyle will be worse than the common lifestyle of 1950 if they got married, but it is only that the young individual feels that he or she needs more."

Tags:corporate, abuse, statistics, tax, opportunities

Abstract
This paper explains that, whereas marriage used to be an institution, which helped individuals gather and maintain wealth and eventually give some of it to the government, divorce is the great disperser of wealth because two households now must be supported thus stimulating the economy. The author points out that, if both partners work, they pay more proportionally because of the marriage tax; however, if the tax payer is a single head of household, the tax rate is significantly lower than for a married individual filing a separate income tax return; single head of household parents, who fall below a certain income level, are given special tax breaks called tax incentives to help pay for childcare. This paper relates that some states, like Louisiana, have actually changed their laws so that there are two types of marriage contract: The "Death Do Us Part" marriage, which requires extensive legal maneuvering to dissolve, or the "Until We Get Tired of Each Other" marriage, which makes marriage easier dissolve. Several long quotes.

From the Paper
"There have been studies that divorced fathers buy their children more toys and take them to more places of amusements than married fathers. Divorced fathers also need a social life, so they buy newer clothing and go to events where they can meet available divorced or single women. Divorced women also tend to over indulge their children, because they always feel guilty about leaving their children with the baby sitter. Divorced women with access to childcare also date. They buy new clothes and spend money on health clubs and dieting that they not do if they were happily married. All of this buying is good for the economy. The State governments get more sales tax money, the Gross National Product keeps raising and this keeps the Federal Government happy as well."

Tags:dowry, marriage-tax, no-fault, capitalists, lawyers

Abstract
The framers of the U.S. Constitution intended to assign more power to Congress than to the presidency. Bearing in mind that Americans had waged revolution against monarchy, the framers intended to put a check on presidential power and gave Congress the power to override a presidential veto and to impeach and remove a president. However, the history of U.S. politics reveals that the presidency is a constraining force on Congress and presidents have frequently used the constitutional power to veto legislation passed by Congress.

Tags:the, presidency, of, the, u.s., government