Abstract This paper explains that the purpose of this study was to examine some of the characteristics of typicality, with regard to proto-typically versus non-proto-typically, category blocking, and interaction between typicality and category blocking. The authors tested three hypotheses: (1) Prototypical word lists will be recalled better than non-prototypical word lists. (2) Category blocking will demonstrate better recall rates than random retrieval. (3) Some interaction will exist between typicality and category blocking. The paper reports that there were ninety-one subjects participating in this survey, divided roughly evenly between males and females. The author concludes that the main effects of the hypotheses all proved to be significant, while the interaction was not significant.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
From the Paper "Typicality is a simpler concept to understand than it might at first seem. Loken and Ward (1990) define typicality as the degree to which an object is representative of a given category. This basic and fundamental relationship exists between typicality and categories. For instance, a newborn canary might be considered less typical of the canary category than his fellow nestling if said canary sports blue feathers instead of yellow. This example is that of an atypical individual, one that does not easily fit into our preconceived notions of what constitutes a typical member of a group."
Abstract This paper explores the lack of effective leadership in an organization within a technology company. In addition, the paper also explores what would be necessary to make the leadership of the organization more effective.
Table of Contents:
Background
Overview of OCI Profile
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Definition of Leadership
What is Effective Leadership?
Importance of Effective Leadership
Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Situational Leadership Model
Problem Analysis
Solutions
Reflection
Appendix
References
From the Paper "Background:
The organization under study is The Market Intelligence Team (MIT) in the Consumer Americas Marketing (CAM) organization within Hewlett-Packard (HP). MIT is responsible for managing primary and secondary research projects, and disseminating research information to the larger CAM organization. The MIT is comprised of nine members that are geographically dispersed. The members of the MIT have been working together since a company-wide reorganization that took place one year previously. The reorganization was implemented as a result of a decision made by the board of directors and executive council to move the company into the twenty-first century and become more customer-focused. In addition, the reorganization was also to address that employees and customers felt that the company was losing the famed "HP way", or spirit created by founders Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard (Connolly, 2003). As a result of the re-organization several members of the MIT have job descriptions that are significantly different than the job description of the position they were hired for."
Abstract This paper discusses the effect that clouds have on the greenhouse effect. The paper is written as if it were discussing the opinions of three groups of scientists. The first group believes that clouds counteract the greenhouse effect; the second says they make it worse and the last don't know.
From the Paper "The greenhouse effect is one of the least understood environmental problems. Most people think of the greenhouse effect in negative terms. However, it must be realized that the greenhouse effect is essential for life of earth. For example, in A Green History of the World Clive Ponting states, Without greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to trap outgoing terrestrial infra-red radiation, the average temperature on the earth would be about -18 degrees Celsius and too cold for life. These gases primarily carbon dioxide and methane, maintain the temperature at about 15 degrees Celsius (Ponting, 1991, p. 387)."
Abstract This is a paper about the effects of educational technology on schools. It considers the broader context of the significance of the computer revolution and its effects. The paper also looks at the need to improve teachers' ability to use educational technologies effectively.
From the Paper "With the development of new technologies such as graphics software and the Internet computers have come to play a very significant role in our schools' ability to provide quality education to students..."
Abstract This paper states that St. John's Wort is effective in the treatment of severe depression. The paper assesses its effectiveness when correlated with the effects of a placebo. It cites numerous sources in a literature review format such that studies are scrutinized with the suggestion that sources be judged based on their authors and placement.
Abstract This paper discusses periodontal disease which ranges from the relatively mild gingivitis, which is reversible, to Periodontitis, which is treatable but not reversible. It explains that the effects of this latter condition are unfortunate, including bad breath, lost teeth and an unattractive smile. The paper contends that other effects can be devastating and even fatal to the patient or to her unborn child. The paper examines the various effects of the condition in each of its stages.
From the Paper "Periodontal disease is extremely common, yet largely preventable. Although genetic factors and the presence of certain diseases may predispose the subject to periodontal disease, in most cases, the cause is poor dental hygiene. The effects of chronic periodontal disease are serious: in addition to tooth loss and chronic bad breath, it may also accelerate the risk of heart disease and stroke, complications in pregnancy, uncontrolled blood sugar, and pneumonia (Mayo Clinic 1-2). The term "periodontal" means "around the tooth" and refers to the gums and bone that surround and support adult teeth. In a healthy mouth, the gums are firm and elastic, and follow the edges of the teeth in a scalloped pattern. Brushing and flossing can be accomplished without discomfort or bleeding. However, even in this ideal state, there is a shallow crevice called the sulcus, between the tooth and the surrounding gum. Plaque, the sticky substance that forms naturally on ..."
Abstract This paper examines the effects of shift work on staff personnel at a USMC (Marine Expeditionary Force) Command Center in Japan. It looks at the critical functions of the command center, the problem of lack of sleep for staff assigned to command center duty and proposes an action plan to alter the work schedule.
Abstract This paper discusses the importance of effective communication, as well as delineates what exactly defines "effective communication." Communication is found to be important on an everyday, "every man" level given and discussion is provided of the importance not simply of verbal skills but also of non-verbal skills such as listening and body language.
From the Paper "Humans communicate one with another in myriad ways each day; from verbal interactions, to written missives, and even non-verbal reactions, communication is one aspect of life that no person can allow a day to pass without engaging in. Since communication helps us define ourselves; our wants, needs, and expectations to others; what constitutes effective communication? As John Dewey once noted, "There is all the difference in the world between having something to say and having to say something." (www.motivational-inspirational-corner.com) Throughout the course of this paper, then, I will explore what it is that constitutes effective communication. There are a wide number of sources of noise or interference that can enter into the communication process. This can occur when people now each other very well and should understand the sources of error."
Abstract This paper discusses how communication is the key thing that sets human beings apart from all the other animals. The human ability to communicate at a very sophisticated level has enabled us to build civilizations and to develop advanced technologies. The paper further discusses how in an ideal world, our ability to communicate should be developing along with our technologies. However, the paper argues that effective communication is no longer important in popular culture. According to the paper, as our ability to communicate speedily via technology has accelerated, the quality of the communication has deteriorated. We now live in a world of rapidly transmitted sound bites of mediocrity, with little effective communication taking place.
Abstract This paper discusses what public relations means to a company's success and what effective public relations are supposed to achieve for a company. The paper explains that effective public relations is dependant on the company's ability to provide a positive company image to the public, focus on the stakeholders related to the company and produce a public relations plan that will serve as a guide for all public relations issues. The paper also explains that companies that are capable of in-depth planning with regard to public relations have the ability to handle any issues that arise with positive outcomes. This includes damage to the company's image for any number of reasons and the company's ability to recover successfully. The recovery will ultimately be dependant on the image that the public has of the organization and the public's knowledge of honest concern that the business has in association with the public as stakeholders in the business.
Abstract This eight-page senior level research paper examines whether advertisements are effective in persuading consumers to buy products or services. The author also discusses whether a certain type of people are more susceptible to ads than others.
Abstract This paper explores the effect of the internet on relationships. The paper explains that the increase in internet usage has caused a gradual decline in personal feelings.
Abstract Discusses the pros and cons of communicating via e-mail. It includes examples of negative and positive e-mails and six major points to writing an effective email. Also includes examples of emoticons.
From the Paper "No matter where you go email has become an essential part of the business world. Most, if not all professionals are using email in some way or another. Whether you use email a lot or a little, it is important to know how to use email properly. In this paper we will discuss the pros and cons of communicating via email as well as tips for making sure your messages are effective. We will also see several examples of some emails that were improperly written and some that were extremely motivating. How you write the email says a lot even if you are only writing one sentence."
Abstract This paper presents a research proposal for studying the effects that high school sports have on students' academic performance and study habits. The paper includes a statement of problem, background information, significance of the problem, a research hypotheses, research questions, the theoretical orientation of the study and limitations of the study.
From the Paper "Research has provided evidence that athletic participation promotes growth and change in high school students. For example, Marsh and Kleitman examined athletic participation in high school students with data from the National Education Longitudinal Study database. Team sports, individual sports, student backgrounds, school outcomes and other extracurricular activities were examined along with standardized test scores, academic grades, homework, educational aspirations and other variables such as self-esteem. Marsh and Kleitman reported findings that school athletic participation increased school identity and commitment to school..."
Tags: high school sports effects on academic goals and study habits, research proposal
