Abstract In this article, the writer notes that children learn very rapidly and they are exposed to many scenes of violence on television each day. The writer points out that it is amazing that the majority of parents do not perceive this violence to be destructive for their children's development. Children especially are at a stage in their development where they learn so quickly that they absorb information. They learn from television that the easiest way to solve disputes is through the use of fists or guns. The writer maintains that the problem is that many people do not believe that a clear and definite link exists between children's aggressive behavior and the violence they so regularly observe being depicted on television. The writer concludes that research, especially in the form of longitudinal studies, shows the clear-cut connection between TVviolence and children's behavior.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Statement of Need
Project Description
Conclusion
From the Paper "The best studies that have been conducted since 1972 are longitudinal studies related to TV violence and its impact on the attitudes and behavior of children and adolescents. Other studies have consisted of cross sectional and field studies and, together, researchers have made use of all three types in a triangulation strategy to determine the effects of media violence on children. The most convincing studies also are discussed and evaluated by Centerwall, and these researchers also report the findings of professional groups such as the American Medical Association and the American Psychological Association. Basically, all of these studies found that physical aggression among children is significantly increased as a result of exposure to violence in television. Other studies reveal a clear link between TV viewing at a young age and later juvenile delinquency and crime."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that both the critical and non-critical debate about the effect of television upon its viewers seems to have begun somewhere probably in the first week or so of the sets being introduced to the public. The consequence of the appearance of television itself was immediate and profound both sociologically and psychologically, as well as economically for some industries. The writer points out that the influence of this medium on our culture as a whole is enormous, for both good and bad results. TVviolence has become an extreme issue for the conservative to derogate and for the liberals to defend. The writer discusses what is the reality of the effect of TVviolence on us today and especially the more impressionable children that view it. In particular, the paper discusses the current state of the debate and attempts to separate fact from fiction, both on screen and off.
From the Paper "This same study also inferred that if children, with the help of their parents, take more control over their leisure activities that they may be able to take more control of themselves and their behaviors overall. There is another benefit in that when parents show they are concerned and take an active role in their child's wellbeing, this has the effect of children who see adults caring about them and not just using TV as the built in babysitter. Jones feels that cutting overall consumption is really the key and violence is only a small sub issue over which very little evidence is clear on direct connections. And what is clear is often not very convincing."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the various aspects and factors affecting media violence and examines evidence looking at whether there is a cause and effect relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior.
Outline
Introduction
Perceived Media Violence and its Beginnings
Empirical Evidences
Brain Mapping and TVViolence Effects of Third Variables
Recommendations
From the Paper "Television and media has remained a force to reckon with in terms of entertainment value, pervasiveness, and effectiveness in influencing personal perceptions and decisions. Television has, in more ways than one, helped build mega corporations through product advertisements, created bigger than life celebrities, and shaped standards of beauty, wealth, good and evil. There is a reason why mega corporations invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in television advertisements to promote their products: television makes money. However, recent studies have cited increasing violence in TV programming. In the flurry of things, amidst the flashy advertisements, crashing cars in adventure series, and dramatic violence on TV, one might ask: when does business entrepreneurship end, and where does social responsibility begin? For a country that prides itself for its independence and individuality, setting boundaries in many aspects of daily life is bound to be a tedious task."
Abstract A look at the the effects of TVviolence on the lives of children. The author includes real life examples and examines the constitutional attack on television violence as child violence escalates. An examination of the debates taking place.
From the Paper "In most people's homes there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violent scenes with sometimes devastating results. Most parents don"t realize what their children are being exposed to. They know that their children are watching TV, whether they know what they"re watching or not, and how it can affect them later in life is a different story."
Abstract This report looks at television violence and its effects on children. The paper cites studies on the impact television violence has had on children and discusses the psychological mechanisms that effect how viewers interact with and interpret television violence.
Abstract This literature review is all about television violence and the effects on youth. The author attempts to examine whether television consumption cause children to imitate behavior. The author includes an examination of how parent involvement interacts. This research includes statistics as proof variables.
From the paper:
"Television is a part of life. Virtually every household has a television set and many homes have two or three (Ledingham, 1993). Needless to say, television plays an enormous role in the lives of many American families and the magnitude of its influence on people is considerable also. This is especially true where children are involved. According to Liebert & Sprafkin (1988), "television viewing time rises from about 2.5 hours per day at the age of five to about 4 hours a day at the age of 12." Ledingham goes on to say that "television is used frequently by parents as a babysitter or distraction device" (1993)."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the apparent effects of TVviolence on aggression in children and adolescents have long been suspected. The writer points out that the effect of violent video games on children's aggression is not so well known. This paper explores the relationship between exposure to violent television and video games and the development of aggression in children and adolescents. The paper explains that this link is extremely important because in recent years in North America there has been a noticeable increase in children's violence. The writer maintains that if a strong link can be found between TV and video game violence, this could have implications for reducing and controlling the degree of violence that is presently witnessed in society. The writer concludes that the research into the effects of TV and video violence on child and adolescent aggression suggests that a certain child or adolescent under very specific conditions will very likely act out aggression after viewing a violent TV program or video game.
Outline:
Introduction
Violence in Television
Explanations of Media Impact on Aggression Violent TV, Violent Video Games and Aggression Conclusion
From the Paper "Sherry conducted a meta-analysis of research into video games and found that the effect of violent video games on aggression in children is less than what results from violent TV programming. The video games studies ranged over the 25-year period from 1975 to 2000. An analysis was made of all the studies during that time by analyzing the results of those studies. The effects of the more violent and graphic games were compared with the less violent games. The most important finding from this meta-analysis was that the longer the children were exposed to violent video games, the less of an effect was produced on aggression. It appeared that the children and adolescents had to be already angered and aggressive before the video game began in order for it to produce any effect. Other researchers have also observed that video games are different in their effect on aggression from TV. According to Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis, video games merely amplify the effect which already exists of aggressive feelings and thoughts in the child or adolescent."
Abstract The paper discusses the effects of aggression from television on children and offers two ways for reducing aggression that result from TV viewing. The paper claims a clear link between violence in the media and an increase in aggression and children and adolescents and further concludes that the majority of parents do not seem to be concerned about the possible impact of televised on their children. The paper is based on two articles: "The Effects of Media Violence on Society", by Craig Anderson and Brad Bushman and "Television and Violence: The Scale of the Problem and Where to Go from Here", by Brandon Centerwall.
From the Paper ""Aggression researchers have adopted a triangulation strategy to examine the effects of violence in the media". This means that three different methods have been used by researchers and later analyzed to determine the effect of violence in television. The three research methods are field experiments, longitudinal studies, and cross sectional studies. Evidence is used from the six most important professional societies in the United States such as the American Psychological Association."
Abstract This paper explores television violence and its effects on children. It addresses how TV manipulates the minds of children, causing them to act in more aggressive and violent manners. The author argues that TVviolence distorts children's minds into believing that violence is a healthy and acceptable way of dealing with problems.
From the Paper "There are many different supports for both sides of this issue. Those who believe that TV does have a major affect on children support their belief with the notions thusly: television violence and aggression lead to violent and aggressive behavior in children, witnessing violence on TV shapes and desensitizes the child’s view of the world, and television manipulates the mind of the child (Wood, 1999, p. 317). Those who conclude that TV violence plays no part in the aggressiveness of children base their assumptions on the theory stating that violence and aggression in youth is a result of an improper upbringing (Associated Press, 1999, p. 6A). They believe that children adapt their behavior from those that they are in human contact with most often. Another poignant support for television is that it is an extremely effective educational medium. They feel that the positive aspects of television far outweigh the negative ones (Kalin, 1999, p. 2). Lastly, there’s the “catharsis theory” which thoroughly supports the use of television violence in all programs. It claims that TV violence reduces the viewer’s aggressive behavior when dealing with real life situations (Comstock, 1978, p. 188). Statistics can back up both sides of the issue, and so can emotions. The issue of the affects of television violence on our nation’s youth is a very heavy and controversial topic with many possible conclusions."
Tags:aggression, crime, fighting, graphic, kids, mean, tv, world
Abstract This paper explores television violence and its effects on children. It addresses how TV manipulates the minds of children, causing them to act in more aggressive and violent manners. The author argues that TVviolence distorts children's minds into believing that violence is a healthy and acceptable way of dealing with problems.
From the Paper "How many parents give a sigh of relief when their child's favorite program comes onto television (TV)? Probably, a vast majority of today's parents do because TV allows them to obtain some moments of personal freedom. Marie Winn, author of The Plug-In Drug, proclaims ?Television keeps children quiet and passive, cuts down on loud and boisterous play, prevents outbursts between brothers and sisters, and eliminates a number of potentially destructive household "experiments" that children might be indulging in??(66). So how could something that is so addictive, to the degree that it settles down even the most robust five-year-old, is dangerous to society? To answer this question there are many statistics, theories and concepts to explore."
Abstract In this article, the writer goes into detail about the three main components that affect children concerning violence on television. The writer notes that these effects can last a lifetime and greatly impact society as a whole. The paper then discusses the catharsis theory,which claims that televised violence does not have negative effects as other researcher have claimed. The writer concludes that the accumulated experimental findings on the effects of TVviolence do not support the catharsis theory and its conclusions.
Outline:
Aggressive Attitudes and Behaviors
Becoming Desensitized to Real World Violence Developing a Fear of Being Victimized by Violence Conclusion
The Catharsis Theory
From the Paper "The first step in learning aggressive attitudes and behaviors is accepting violence as a way to solve problems. On television, violence is the attractive, effective, and preferred solution to most conflicts. Violence is usually portrayed as justified, that is, the good guys win and the bad guys lose. Problems are usually solved rapidly and violently, and violent or other anti-social behaviors go unpunished. The good guys are very often no more appropriate role models for young children than the villains themselves. The result is that many American children are more familiar with violent, aggressive, and anti-social approaches to solving problems. For some, television at its worst, is a terrible influence on a child's mind, an influence that upsets moral balance and makes a child likely to have aggressive behavior as it warps his or her perception of the real world. Some psychologists and psychiatrists feel that continued exposure to such violence might unnaturally speed up the impact of the adult world on the child. This can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. As the child matures into an adult, he can become bewildered; have a greater distrust towards others, a superficial approach to adult problems, and even an unwillingness to become an adult."
Abstract This paper argues against the theory that media violence leads to aggression in children. The paper considers a number of factors other than television ownership that cause violence in children. The paper also studies flaws in the causal relationship between aggression and media violence. The paper concludes by suggesting that media violence can be a positive factor, allowing children to cope with self-destructive feelings without resorting to actual violence.
From the Paper "In response to the point of view that exposure to media violence causes children to act with aggression and violence, opponents of this argument have highlighted research studies that disprove the causal relationship between media violence and..."
Tags: Media violence, aggression, fantasy play, television programs, research studies
Abstract Children watch television a great deal, and are thereby exposed to the violence depicted on TV screens.
This paper discusses the claim that there is a causal connection between the amount of violence children watch on TV and how much it affects their behavior, pointing out that, while this claim has been challenged by some researchers, there seems to be considerable evidence that there is a serious problem here.
Abstract This paper is based on the hypothesis that teenage males who are socially excluded in schools become more aggressive toward individuals and may become bullies. This paper provides a thorough study into this hypothesis using a literature review, methodology, questionnaire and measures to validate the argument. Statistics are also provided and examined. The limitations of the study are presented along with its findings.
From the Paper "Ricky was a student that suffered with asthma. Often he had to use his inhaler to be able to breathe. Ricky was tormented by a group of male bullies. This group of boys who were continually would take his inhaler medication from him to play with it by spraying classmates or themselves. They essentially wasted the inhaler that was vital for Ricky. This went on until one cold day in December 1994. Ricky was found dead at school. He died of an asthma attack. His inhaler was found empty (Noll 2000). In the past research has shown a correlation between problems in the home and aggression in the adolescent. However, it has been overlooked that many children are daily abused by verbal and physical acts of violence in the schools. "Between 1979 and 1991, nearly 50,000 American children were killed by guns"more than the number of Americans killed in Vietnam in 25 years? (Webber 1997). Research shows that boys who are bullied during the elementary school years may become aggressive during the middle school or high school years. The number of violent acts in schools is continuing to grow. It is important to recognize why students are becoming more violent and to take measures in preventing these acts of violence. "Few schools take the necessary steps to screen routinely for students displaying risk for these behaviors, and interventions, when implemented are often less than effective" (Acker and Talbott 1999). More research should be done considering this topic to prevent further school violence."
Abstract In this article, the writer maintains that children learn from television that the easiest way to resolve personal problems and conflicts with others is through violence. There seems to be a clear connection between increasing violence in schools and society generally, and the content of television programs. The writer states that it also appears that the majority of parents do not believe that this continual exposure to violence is harmful to their children's development. The writer then points out that there is a significant increase in children's tendencies to aggression as a result of TVviolence, which is demonstrated by social psychology research, the very strong evidence of longitudinal studies relating to children's aggression, and evidence from other types of research. The writer concludes that parents and concerned citizens need place pressure on the mass media to produce responsible programming.
Outline:
Introduction
Social Learning
Conclusion
From the Paper "Violence is increasing in schools and colleges all across North America, and our whole society is accepting of violence. Children learn rapidly because they absorb information but lack the ability to discriminate between the messages that they are receiving. As Tulloch maintains, many forms of violence such as police violence depicted on TV are complicated social dilemmas. The existence of these problems does not indicate the society's attitude to violence but instead demands moral judgment and understanding of social meanings. Children obviously do not have the maturity to place this violence in context. Children learn from TV programs that the simplest way to resolve a dispute is through using fists or guns. However, messages about violence are received through a process. Based on the social cognitive model, aggressive behavior is preceded by a number of steps of information processing."
