Abstract
This paper discusses the Turks and Caicos Islands or TCI that is currently a British dependency, and English is the primary language although some French Creole is spoken throughout the region. The paper relates that recently, crime has been increasing in some parts of the islands and particularly violent crime with the use of a weapon such as a firearm. This paper discusses this increasing crime and proposes a solution that would allow new licensed gun holders to obtain affordable ammunition for legally purchased firearms.

From the Paper
"This document discusses the Turks and Caicos Islands or TCI. TCI is currently a British dependency and English is the primary language although some French Creole is spoken throughout the region. Recently crime has been increasing in some parts of the islands and particularly violent crime with the use of a weapon such as a firearm. This document discusses this increasing crime and proposes a solution that would allow new licensed gun holders to obtain affordable ammunition for legally purchased firearms."

Tags:turks, gun, crime

Abstract
This paper explains that the Turks and Caicos Island nation boast the quiet solitude of hundreds of miles of undeveloped beaches, which promote a strong trade in eco-tourism, and an archaeological past, which dates back thousands of years. The author points out that the recently developed Holland America Line cruise center, which has changed the landscape of Grand Turk Island, similar to the situation in other Caribbean destinations, does not preserve the natural settings nor add sufficiently to the revenue of the nation to justify the disruption of the environment. The paper stresses that creating a system based on eco-friendly practices, including limiting embankments and increasing time spent in various locations, is essential to the tourist industry in this area. The paper includes several long quotations.

From the Paper
"Robertsen in a pioneering call for research on the subject of the social, economic and environmental impact of the fast growing cruise industry states that the Turk & Caicos islands were being threatened by the development of this center (in 2001 before it was cemented). The evidence associated with many cruise centers is difficult to judge based on the fact that there is limited reporting and only marginal amounts of scholarly research on the subject. In trade magazines, the issue is largely glossed over as a point of great growth and expansion, ..."

Tags:undeveloped, cruise, cement, belize, extreme

Abstract
A paper on the influence of the Mongols and the Turks on the western world and the diffusion of the culture they caused through their invasions.

Tags:mongols, and, turks

Abstract
This paper looks at the fundamental principles of Turkey's foreign policy. It examines Turkey's role in World War II and asks whether the country was completely neutral or not. It discusses Turkey's membership in the United Nations; the conflicts between the Soviets and the Turks; the importance of the Korean War for the Turks; the role of Turkey as the only Muslim state in NATO; the Turks and the Greeks and Cyprus; the 1991 Gulf War and Turkey's role as the critical ally of the U.S ,and finally, Turkey in the EU.

From the Paper
""History has seen many great people. It has seen Alexander the Great's, Napoleon's, Washington's. However, in the twentieth century, the record for greatness was broken by Ataturk, this Turkish son of a Turk." as L'IIIustration Newspaper of France states after the death of a great leader, a true liberator in 1938. Among the great leaders of history, few have achieved so much in so short period, transformed the life of a nation as decisively, and given such profound inspiration to the world at large. With the foundation of today's Republic of Turkey in 1923, Ataturk, literally the Father of the Turks, came up with a huge package of reforms to transform the sick, old Ottoman state into a young, modern Republic and a nation. This set of reforms is called Kemalism and it is the introduction and the rendering of the rights to the nation. It is the expression of the national sovereignty. It is an attempt to reach the level of the modern civilizations, it is westernization, modernization. It requires to experience a modern social life, to establish a secular state, and to govern with a positive science mentality. Ataturk's words, which were brought by the idea of Kemalism, "Peace at home, peace in the world," give the basic principle of him about his views on world politics within his own nation and also in the world."

Tags:cyprus, empire, foreign, greece, greek, korean, nato, ottoman, policy, republic, turk, turkish, war, world

Abstract
This paper explains the new reality for immigrant population groups in European countries. It looks at how the European Union's open-door policy has allowed for freer movement of immigrant group throughout the continent and discusses how this affects demographics and socialization of these groups. This paper focuses on the Turkish community in Germany.

From the Paper
"The ebb and flow of people across borders has been always been a concern for nation-states and with the creation of the European Union this concern has not stopped or ceased but rather intensified within the community. As nationalism disappears in the wake of European integration replacing it will be a European identity yet to be defined. How these communities have integrated their new neighbors as well as the government's response to the increased social and economic strain is an indicator of times to come."

Tags:nationalism, turk

From the Paper
"Statement of Purpose
The following paper will examine some of the ethnocultural determinants surrounding the treatment of Turks in present-day Germany. Determinants of ethnocultural identity such as race, religion, class, and power, as well as causal factors of inter-ethnic conflict such as state repression, economic inequality/class conflict,migration/expulsion, and fear of persecution/extermination will all be examined. It will be shown that the formation of a collective consciousness, specifically one aimed at uniting all of the European Community, would better determine the identities of future generations."

Abstract
The paper discusses the most important criminal threat facing Turkish society and government; the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). The paper discusses the financial, social and military measures the authorities use to protect the Turkish population from the violent manifestations of the rebels against the local population. The writer includes his personal view that the PKK threat could be dealt with through dialogue between the two parties and through an improvement in the quality of life in Kurdish regions.

From the Paper
"Turkey has been an interesting case study for international relations for decades now. It is neither a Muslim, nor a European country, yet its foreign policy prospects include the affirmation of an increasingly important role in both regions. However, such an ambitious plan requires the resolution of internal crises that press on the society. It can be said that the Turkish state faces serious challenges in insuring a proper human security environment and up to this point there is little improvement in this sense, rather an escalation of the threats facing the society."

Tags:Kurds, dialogue, quality, of, life, sanctions, military

Abstract
This research paper discusses the military and political aspects of the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. It gives detailed background information on the previous attempts to conquer the city by several other civilizations and provides primary source information on the 45-day conquest process of the city by the Turks, which changed the fate of Europe, Christianity, and the Turks.

From the Paper
"The city of Constantinople, which is now known as Istanbul, was inhabited by people as early as 3000 BC. Along with its history, Constantinople always held the interest of Greeks and Romans; yet, this interest could only continue until the rise of the Ottoman Turk power. The most powerful civilizations of their times eventually occupied, or at least tried to occupy, this city for various reasons. The location of Constantinople is the most attractive feature of the city; it is located in such an area that the Bosphorus, the sea that separates the two continents Asia and Europe, simply implies that this city is an entry to both Asia and Europe. Given this fact, it is true to say that the European originated Greeks and Romans wanted to control the entry to Asia, which eventually would cause a tremendous expansion in trades. Thus, Constantinople and ?the huge peninsula, known to the ancients as Asia Minor, had been one of the most populous areas in the world.? (Runciman, 22)."

Tags:persians, arabs, bulgars, russians, fourth, crusade, capital, byzantine, empire, sultan, mehmed, conqueror

Abstract
Few cities possess such a rich, varied and dynamic history as that of Constantinople, now Istanbul. The paper shows that Steven Runciman's history, entitled "The Fall of Constantinople 1453", is a flowing narrative detailing the years immediately before, during and after the "fall" of the city to the Ottoman Turks. Runciman's account is far from being dry; like a novel, the characters exhibit remarkably multidimensional traits. The paper examines how Runciman conveys the fact that the history and fall of Constantinople did not happen overnight and the transition from the Roman Catholic rule through Greek Orthodoxy, culminating with the triumph of the Muslim Turks, was a long, colorful and often bloody one.

From the Paper
"Early in the book, Runciman offers reasons why his book differs from other accounts of the fall of Constantinople. His main gripe with common historical accounts, at least those published by the 1960s, was that most historians refer to the fall of Constantinople as the end of the Middle Ages. Runciman refutes this claim, stating firmly that the Middle Ages could not have just suddenly finished in one year; features of the Dark Ages, whether in politics, religion, lifestyle, or philosophy, remained after 1453. Likewise, Runciman notes that the Renaissance was well on its way in central Europe by the time Constantinople fell. Runciman claims that the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans solidified a Turkish capital in Europe, providing a European presence for the once isolated Eastern tribes."

Tags:Emperor, John, VIII, Sultan, Mehmet, Murad, Asia, Minor, Caliphs

From the Paper
"Of the ill.fated campaign for Gallipoli British General Sir William Robertson later concluded, it had been "A wonderful example of gallantry and endurance by men and a calamitous display of mismanagement by authority". World War I, in retrospect, seems to have been fraught with large.scale human tragedy on the part of its fighting men: on the Western Front hundreds of thousands of soldiers died to gain a few hundred yards of trench.bound, obliterated landscape which, in truth, was of no real value at all. On the Eastern Front, too, thousands of soldiers perished in freezing cold weather they were ill.prepared or supplied for. The campaign for the Gallipoli Peninsula, between the Aegean Sea and the Dardanelles, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea area, represented another of those tragic episodes: hundreds of thousands of fighting men ... "