Abstract
This paper relates that the policy mandates of rebuilding efforts, proper financial monitoring in accounting practices for charitable organizations and disease control are the most important aspects of relief for tsunami relief efforts. The author points out that, by building homes cheaply yet with a solid foundation, there can be shelter for the homeless. The paper stresses that the proper control of donated money needs to be addressed through ethical accounting practices and making sure the money t gets to relief sites across India, Indonesia and Sri Lanka.

From the Paper
"This international policy analysis will reflect the goals of for disaster relief that should be implemented to help the thousands of people who perished in the tsunami. By analyzing rebuilding efforts, financial cost evaluation for relief, and the serious health issues that have arisen since the tsunami are the main goals to attend to at this critical point. In realizing how money is being spent for the relief of people stricken by the tsunami, one can develop policy suggestions that will help rebuild the nations destroyed in this natural disaster."

Tags:tsunami, asia, policy

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of corrupted funds in relation the tsunami relief and discusses the ethics and consumer awareness of how money is spent. It argues that people should investigate the organizations they are giving money to, and they should be wary of secretive organizations that do not disclose or audit their records.

From the Paper
" Jon Doe is a good citizen who truly has seen the disaster left behind by the massive tsunami that occurred over in Malaysia. The funny thing is, he cannot be convinced to send money to organizations that might be fraudulent or corrupt in how they use this money. The ultimate question is: Will these so-called "non-profit organizations" use the money I give for the survivors", or will it end up as a contributing factor to the six digit salary of some corrupt official within the non-profit organization? (Doe, Personal Interview, June 5, 2-005). John Doe is a concerned citizen who wants to put the money for tsunami relief in the right hands, and not some crook out to make a profit at the expense of the victims of this natural disaster. "

Tags:journalism, tsunami, disaster

Abstract
Although the tsunami was an unavoidable natural disaster, the death tolls are a sign of government neglect because they could have been avoided or, at least, greatly reduced had the governments of these countries, and especially Indonesia, knowing that their area is sensitive to the risk of tsunami, placed restrictions on construction on coastal areas, developed a regional tsunami warning system, or paid attention to the warnings that a tsunami was about to occur and responded through evacuations. As far as Indonesia, which suffered the highest death toll, is concerned, the tsunami could not have been avoided, but the high death rates could have been, making this government at least partly responsible for the consequences of the tsunami.

From the Paper
"As the year 2004 came to an end, a devastating tsunami struck the countries of South East Asia. Considered one of the greatest humanitarian tragedies in recent decades, the tsunami killed almost a quarter of a million people and left five million homeless in just a few hours. This natural disaster is considered as the worst one in the last 40 years as the death toll reached about 100 000 dead people and thousands are missing and millions were left homeless "threatened by diseases that are spread through dirty water, mosquitoes and overcrowding" ("How the Deadly..."). Of the twelve countries that were hit by the tsunami, Indonesia had the highest death toll that reached about 80 000. Most people assumed that the tsunami was an unavoidable natural disaster and therefore, none of the governments involved were held even partly responsible for this great loss in life and the devastation of the infrastructure. Most may make this assumption because they do not have the knowledge and background about tsunamis to reach a different opinion but, those who have this knowledge insist that the governments of these countries are responsible for the majority of the deaths. Conrad Lautenbacher, the head of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, insists, the death toll could have been reduced by at least 85% (" Observing Earth"). The death toll could have been reduced if there had been a tsunami warning system in the region and the governments had applied some well-known rules regarding construction in countries that are vulnerable to tsunami, Although the tsunami was an unavoidable natural disaster, the death tolls are a sign of government neglect because they could have been avoided or, at least, greatly reduced had the governments of these countries, and especially Indonesia, knowing that their area is sensitive to the risk of tsunami, have placed restrictions on construction on coastal areas, have developed a regional tsunami warning system or, paid attention to the warnings that a tsunami was about to occur and responded through evacuations. As far as Indonesia, which suffered the highest death toll, is concerned, the tsunami could not have been avoided but the high death rates could have been, making this government at least partly responsible for the consequences of the tsunami."

Tags:indonesia, death, toll, drowning

Abstract
The deadliest tsunami in the Indian Ocean ever occurred at 7:59 AM local time on 26 December 2004. This paper looks at how the tsunami was one of the most damaging tsunamis observed in recent times and caused death to hundreds of thousands of people alongside billions of dollars worth of damage to the towns and villages affected. The paper examines the oceanic processes which led to the extent of the tsunami as well as the damage which was caused and the ways in which oceanographers can contribute to limiting damage from future tsunamis through monitoring the oceanic processes.

Outline:
Introduction
Oceanic Processes
Observations of Oceanic Processes
Data from Indian Ocean Area
Data from Outside Indian Ocean Area
Satellite Altimetry
Near Field
Far Field
Impact of the Disaster
Effects Near the Epicenter
Effects on Human Environments
Effects on Natural Areas
Monitoring and Prevention
Use of Data from the 2004 Tsunami
Predicting Future Tsunami Effects
Conclusions

From the Paper
"The 2004 tsunami was originally caused by an earthquake which occurred on the ocean floor, out at sea in the Indian Ocean. The specific type of earthquake was crucial in the type of tsunami which formed as a result. The specific earthquake was caused by thrusting type of source rupture. It created a megathrust earthquake which was moment magnitude 9.3. The earthquake occurred along 1300km of oceanic subduction zone in the eastern Indian Ocean which is located 100km west of Sumatra and the Nicobar and Andaman Islands (Stein & Okal, 2005). The seismic changes which occurred caused vertical displacements of up to 10m in the ocean floor. These were accompanied by sudden horizontal movements of up to 20m in adjacent plates. Overall it was a combination of these two thrusting movements which led to creation of highly destructive waves (Bilham, 2005)."

Tags:oceanic, processes, earthquake

Abstract
This paper explains that tsunami, powerful force of nature, is the term for a seismic sea wave generated by an undersea earthquake and an undersea landslide or volcanic eruption. Hurricanes and cyclones also can cause tsunamis, which are called storm surges. The author points out that in Japan, which has one of the most populated coastal regions in the world and a long history of earthquake activity, tsunamis have destroyed entire coastal communities. The paper discusses at length the most lethal tsunami ever recorded preceded, which the eruption of Krakato in 1883, on the island of Krakatoa in the Sunda Stratis between Sumatra and Java.

From the Paper
"Today, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, located in Honolulu and administered by the U.S. National Weather Service, tries to save lives and safeguard property from tsunami by monitoring seismometers and tide gauges throughout the Pacific. A major quake anywhere in this region rings warning bells and geophysicists scurry to decipher the quakes location and size. If they decide that the quakes generate tsunami, they then will issue a "tsunami watch" to all member nations it the Pacific, including (last but not least) Japan. When observers or instruments actually detect tsunami waves that "watch" becomes an official warning., and is updated as waves proceed."

Tags:seismic, earthquake, costal, warning, krakatoa

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive description of the cause and effect of the tsunami that hit Papua. New Guinea in 1998. The paper outlines and explains the issues involved in platetectonics and the physicality of tsunamis. Pictures are brought to illustrate the different aspects of the geography of the area and the geological occurrences before, during and after the tsunami.

From the Paper
"An earthquake with a magnitude of approximately 7.1 on the Richter scale occurred at 8:49 UTC, (Coordinated Universal Time) in the Bismarck Sea, on July 17th 1998 in the South Pacific Region, off the Northern coast of New Guinea, causing a geological phenomenon known as a tsunami. The earthquake was followed by a series of three waves affecting a 40-km length of coastline from the mouth of the Bliri River east of the Sierra Villages, to the town of Aitape; a tsunami wave of catastrophic proportions hit the shores of Papua New Guinea causing massive loss of life and millions of dollars of damage. The South Pacific is indigenous to tsunamis, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions within the Pacific plate and the Australian plate. 2182 people died as a result of the Tsunami and the run up of water that was associated with the tsunami. (ITST 1998)"

Tags:disasters, natural, platetectonics, subduction, waves, weather, zones, coastal

Abstract
The paper provides a detailed breakdown of the events that occurred on the 26th of December, 2004 and explores the lack of adequate early warning systems in the region. The paper examines the causes of the tsunami and addresses the possible ways of improving warning systems and relief mechanisms that can prevent a large scale loss of life in any future events of this kind.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Overview
The sequence of events
The impact of the Tsunami
The aftermath: Remedial actions and reduction of the problem
Concluding remarks

From the Paper
"The tsunami that occurred in the Indian Ocean on the 26th of December 2004 caused more than two-hundred thousand deaths and extensive economic and physical damage - including environmental damage to the countries in the region. The Tsunami was triggered by an underground seismic event that displaced ocean water and created a massive wave that inundated the coastal regions of the area.
"There has been a long history of tsunamis in the region as well as in other areas of the world. The 2004 tsunami was the most devastating and destructive in recent history. One of the aspects that stand out in this event is that the number of deaths in the region has been directly attributed to the lack of an adequate early warning system. In recent years efforts have been underway to remedy this situation. Another critique is that in the aftermath of the disaster there was little coordination and planning in terms of the assistance and aid to the region - although this assistance was extensive and did help to reduce the after effects of the tsunami, such as starvation and disease. Central to the studies and reports on this event is that future planning should be more extensive and should also be cognizant of the fact that future tsunamis in this sensitive geological area are likely to occur again."

Tags:earthquake, epicenter, flooding, warning, systems, aid

Abstract
This paper critiques a program of the Tsunami Club, which specializes in karate, Japanese judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu for children aged 3-17 of both sexes. The paper focuses on this club because of its comprehensive programs involving judo that has been developed coast to coast and because the children's entire physical activity centers on them. The paper describes the program and concludes with recommendations for its improvement. a copy of an advertisement for the Tsunami Club is appended to the paper.

Table of Contents:
Introduction/Description
Program Critique
Recommendations

From the Paper
"Judo can be used effectively with children who have emotional, developmental and behavioral problems because they learn the power of concentration. The program should be expanded over the Toronto area as a teaching strategy for such children. Mannion (5) states that "the kicks, stances, punches and grappling of martial arts are a good way for children with behavioral problems to channel their aggression". At the same time, judo is not about the external so that teachers need to ensure that students are internalizing the lessons."

Tags:judo karate, physical activity, motor concentration

Abstract
This paper contends that, while many have argued that the media's coverage of the Asian tsunami has had a positive humanitarian effect, this is not entirely true. The paper explains that the media covered the tsunami because of its dramatic and profitable nature and, despite arguments to the contrary, the "CNN effect" is not the primary factor behind the aid donations, whether from governments or individuals. The paper claims that, in addition, it negatively impacted the organization and distribution of aid and humanitarian relief.

From the Paper
"The media is a profit making business and not a humanitarian one. Its aim is not to promote interest in the affairs of other people and countries or to communicate information about humanitarian and natural disasters that require action and attention. Instead, the media main guideline in selecting stories is whether or not they will attract the attention of viewers and increase rating. This might seem to be a very hard judgment against the media, especially when it played such a profound role in attracting global attention to the humanitarian disaster caused by the tsunami, significantly aiding the collection of donations but, according to media experts, this is a fair judgment. Interestingly, this is the judgment passed against the media by an American media corporation known as PBS."

Tags:humanitarian, relief, cnn

Abstract
This paper examines how China's reaction to the Asian tsunami illustrates that not only has it come out of its isolation, but that it is intent on becoming a regional superpower. It looks at how the reaction to the event shows that China is not the global threat to peace and stability as it is often pictured, but a developing superpower, which has identified regional and global political and economic stability as essential requirements for Chinese stability and growth.

From the Paper
"Throughout the twentieth century, China was an isolated nation, never interacting with global or regional issues. China, over the past decades, was solely focused on its internal affairs and on locking out the external. Thus, China's reaction to the tsunami is significant one because it is the first time in decades for China to express any degree of interest in a regional issue. It has given aid, collected donations from the population, and contributed military and medical to help in the relief operations. In fact, the United Nations did not impose China's isolation, unlike that experienced by other nations like Iraq or Libya, but the Chinese leadership freely chose it. The University of Illinois professor, Suraj Sengupta expressed that China had always been an isolated country that has discouraged, and sometimes prevented, contact with the outside world (389-390). China was the last surviving communist power whose political and economic policies prevented even the exchange of ideas with the West or any other country (390)."

Tags:japan, cummunism, aid, superpower