Abstract The paper attempts to apply the best practices of demandmanagement to evaluate the benefits of bringing demandmanagement and supply chain concepts into the travelindustry. The paper explains how the travelindustry requires the highest levels of supply chain integration and optimization possible.
Outline:
Executive Summary
The Many Benefits of integrating DemandManagement and Supply Chain Concepts into TravelIndustry What's Needed is a Supply Chain Framework for TravelIndustry
From the Paper "Competitiveness in all industries is a direct reflection of their supply chain efficiency, transparency, performance, and ultimately demand management. Each industry has varying degrees of transparency inherent in the formation and structure, operations, and transformation of its supply chains. The travel industry specifically has one of the most visible and easily evaluated supply chains and as a result, more accentuated and advanced approaches to demand management. What is one of the most challenging aspects of the travel industry supply chain is making it sustainable, reflecting the many demand management requirements on it."
Abstract An analysis of the report titled "Travelers' Use of the Internet" which is based on interviews with over 1,200 adults in the U.S.A. The results are largely consistent with a report released by Gartner Group earlier this year, which predicted that the value of the global travelindustry market will increase six-fold, by the end of next year.The writer concludes that there is a need for travel agents to increase their on-line share, without disrupting the sales of their outlets. As tickets are purchased on-line, but must be picked up at the local agencies, companies can continue to stay competitive without significantly altering their traditional model.
From the Paper "The main problem facing the Internet and electronic ticketing is the reluctance of consumers to buy products and services online. The Internet airline ticket market has yet to fully mature into an on-line "buying" culture. Too many people casually surf travel sites without buying a ticket, which is due in large part to a perceived lack of secure information transfer."
Abstract This paper explains that the travelindustry makes extensive use of the Internet with one objective, to take reservations. The author points out that, for the major service providers, such as airlines, hotel chains, and retail cars, the Internet works extremely well; but, for small hotels, it is only a marketing tool. The paper reviews eleven travel websites, such as Expedia.com and the Three Village Inn of Stony Brook, NY.
Table of Contents
Expedia.com
Travelocity.com
Delta Air Lines
Aer Lingus Irish Airlines
Irish Tourist Board (Bord Failte)
West Virginia Web site
Crowne Plaza Hotel, Cedar Rapids, IA
Planet Rider
Enterprise Rent a Car
Bed and Breakfast Inns Online
Three Village Inn, Stony Brook, NY
Conclusion
From the Paper "But remember, travel is big-ticket, and people shop for it. The Internet makes it easy to run up a hundred permutations of a desired trip (arrival and departure times and days, airports, amenities at hotels, cars available, discounts on all of the above, special attractions ad infinitum) without driving a travel agent nuts. Or worse, with the would-be traveler failing to fulfill his or her heart's desire because the travel agent was worn out. So there, in short, is another piece of the travel industry marketing puzzle: Infinite customization, and at no extra cost."
Abstract In terms of the hospitality industry, the global consumer is defined as the traveler who frequently travels outside of his or her own country, to varied destinations over the world. The Euro consumer on the other hand is the traveler who makes use of hospitality facilities primarily within Europe. The paper shows the fact that the travelindustry and information technology has made world travel much less complicated than in the past, has given rise to the need to globalize the hospitality industry as well. The requirements for this, as well as the extent to which these requirements have been met, are discussed in this paper.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Finance and Accounting
Treasury Management Customer Relationships
Purchasing and Vendor Relationships
Information Technology
Communication
Human Resources
Owner Issues
Bibliography
From the Paper "In terms of the global market, there is also a need to differentiate products and other facilities within hospitality resorts. Food and beverage products are the most critical factors for success, and the need for global catering here is obvious. There is, for example, a growing demand for all-inclusive resorts. Hotels have therefore found it increasingly necessary to consolidate their resources in order to become a greater success in the global market. Globalization as a trend in all businesses has thus affected the hospitality industry as well. It is not envisioned that regional companies who do not cater to the global need will find survival easy."
Abstract In this article, the writer focuses on the effect the gay and lesbian population has had on hotel management and marketing. By reviewing and analyzing various articles and reports on this topic, the writer demonstrates why the gay and lesbian population is a heavily marketed group within the travelindustry. Likewise, the writer reviews why a hotel manager should market to the gay and lesbian traveling population. Finally, the paper also touches briefly on how effective marketing to this population can occur.
Outline:
Introduction
What Gay and Lesbian Travelers Want in a Hotel
Why Market to Gay and Lesbian Travelers?
How to Market to the Gay and Lesbian Population
What Others are Doing
From the Paper "One of the most significant developments in the travel industry, particularly as it applies to hotel management and marketing, is the recent trend aimed at attracting gay and lesbian clients. This trend developed as marketing research showed that gay and lesbian people are more likely to travel, and have more disposable income to spend when traveling, than the general population does. Thus, this group of individuals, who for decades was regarded as a niche travel population that only gay or lesbian-only travel marketing niche catered to, is now a mainstream market within the travel industry as a whole."
Abstract This paper discusses U.K. tourism in general, and travel agents in particular. It specifically focuses on the differences between traditional travel agents, on the one hand, and e-tourism, on the other hand. The paper also presents future trends in the field, together with recommendations designed for improving travel agents' activity.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
The Importance of the Research
Research Problem Definition
Research Scope
Establishing the Objectives and Hypotheses of the Research
Pre-estimating the Value of the Information Gathered from the Research
Selecting Information Sources
Selecting the Information Collection Method
Research Methods for Each Objective
UK TravelIndustry Analysis
U.K. Tourism General Situation
Travel Statistics
U.K. TravelIndustry Structure
Travel Agency Organization
E-Tourism
Intermediation and Re-intermediation in the TravelIndustry Literature Review
The Intermediation, Disintermediation and Re-intermediation Theory
Identifying the differences between high street
Advantages and Disadvantages of Both Types of Companies
Establishing the profitability of both types of companies
Determining the future of the two businesses
Determining the power of e-business
Traditional Travel Agents SWOT Analysis
Online Travel Agents SWOT Analysis
Primary Research
Questionnaire Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "There are several organizations, both private and governmental, that periodically conducts studies on the travel industry. Private research organizations conduct thorough studies that offer thorough information on this market. Governmental sources can also be accessed for data on the subject, but less thorough. The government did not pay sufficient attention to travel market research, which leads to the lack of significant official data. However, the government is committed to changing this situation, as research project proposals have been discussed."
Abstract The cruise Industry is growing rapidly, but if there is one thing that threatens to undermine its progress, it is lack of accountability in this segment of leisure travelindustry. This paper first examines the growth of this industry and later highlights the key problems that need to be resolved effectively to protect the industry from possible disintegration and decline in future.
From the Paper "It is believed that no segment of leisure travel industry is growing as fast as the cruise industry. According to an estimate by The Cruise Lines International Association, number of cruise travelers went up to 6.5 million in the last few years of 1990s, which was a 51 percent increase from 1995 (Sloan, 1999). One of the best and most productive years for this industry was 1998-1999 when the number of cruise travelers increased rapidly. During this years, occupancy rate was 91% while the five millions passengers opted for cruise travel instead of regular travel. (Corzo, 1999) In 1999, number of passengers increased dramatically thus paving way for further growth in the coming years. But the while the industry on the whole grew steadily during 2000 and 2001, a decline was noticed in number of American passengers as operators look towards Europe for more business and profits."
Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the real estate industry by discussing current trends of the real estate industry while analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Additionally, this paper also discusses the national and global outlook of the real estate industry as well as potential problems that the real estate industry may encounter in the future.
From the Paper "The residential real estate industry has been surprisingly resilient in light of the current economic situation. Over the previous two years residential real estate purchases registered into the double digits, while these numbers are down, the market for real estate is anything but out. At a glance, it would appear that realtors do not even know that a recession exists as new properties are springing up from Northern Virginia to California, even Hong Kong is getting in on the action. So what does the future hold for the residential real estate market in the United States and across the globe?"
Abstract This essay examines the concepts and theories of strategic management as they relate to the international automotive industry. Current literature suggests that case studies be applied to determine future goals for automotive marketing. On the financial side, a well-taken approach to strategic management would enable the company to evaluate the risks, costs and returns of any venture more effectively. The experts' advice is to search continuously for alternative methods and systems.
Introduction
The Global Car Industry Strategic Management Management Education
Case Analysis
Strategy Groups
Conclusion
From the Paper "The business environment is becoming harder to decipher and predict as market forces and customer buying patterns undergo dizzying changes and competition toughens in all industries. With this situation, the widely shared belief that a clever manager can improvise and take off-the-cuff actions as the problems and threats to profitability come along will no longer do. Planning ahead is now the name of the game. Even the so-called reality shows on TV made out as spontaneous events are in fact heavily scripted. Recent studies show that organizations that plan their operations perform better than those that do not (Joyce & Woods). Academic research seems to show enough evidence that strategic management is valuable in today's business context. Another unmistakable sign of its growing importance is the increasing use of strategic management courses in business schools. The question is: Does it work in actual practice?"
Abstract The paper looks at several studies of the shipping industry that use the Greek shipping industry as a representative of the whole industry. The paper shows how the impetus for major changes today is economic, with a desire to cut costs and improve efficiency at the same time. The paper predicts that this trend will continue so long as charter shipping in all its forms continues to lower costs. The paper discusses the pressure for using third party management and outsourcing and concludes that these strategies may increase in the future as they become vital for a company's competitive advantage. The paper includes tables and diagrams.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Review of Literature
The Greek Shipping Industry Ship Management History
Legal Environment
Examples
Information Technology
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "The shipping industry has a long history, but the nature of the business changes over that history. It has been changing in recent years because of the pressures for change caused by internationalization, globalization, technological advances, economic shifts in different parts of the world, and so on. Where the tradition has been for companies to sail their own ships, carrying cargo for a fee, more and more companies are finding different ways to accomplish the same business, such as by chartering vessels for the job at hand, or having other companies handle the procedures as a form of third-party management, or some other approach to cut costs, reduce risk, and yet increase business all at the same time. The changes in the global marketplace can mean bringing in more and more local players who can handle some of the difficult tasks involved in working through the bureaucracy, while chartering for shipping can involve more experienced people for certain specific runs."
Abstract This paper examines the hospitality industry, one of the largest industries in both global and national contexts. It looks at how the industry is composed of fifteen segments including lodging (hotels), commercial food service (restaurants and catering), institutional food service, casinos, cruise lines, travel agency services, event services, convention hosting, arena services, sport complex management, resorts, parks, clubs, tourism and transportation services related to the other segments of the industry. It show how this complex industry accounts for more jobs, sales and tax revenues than any other single industry in most countries and how the segments of the hospitality industry are interdependent and rely on one another for overall success.
Outline
Introduction
Defining Hospitality
Importance of Industry Structure of Text
Tourism, Travel and the Hospitality Industry Status of the Industry Importance to Hospitality
Agency Relations Trends
Property Development
Development
Design
Acquisition and Financing
Creating Value
Brand Management Franchising
International Operations
Tourism, Travel and the Hospitality Industry Status of the Industry Importance to Hospitality
Agency Relations
Trends
Property Development
Development
Design
Acquisition and Financing
Creating Value
Brand Management Franchising
International Operations
Strategic Management Industry Relationships
External Environment
Importance of Change
Planning
Finance Management Revenue Control
Yield Management Cost Control
Financial Statement Analysis
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Cash Flow Statement
Legal Issues
Contract Law
Liability Exposure
Diversity Issues
Discrimination Law
Employment Law
Information Management Computer Systems
Data Management Data Analysis and Application
Operational Technology
Check-In and Check-Out
Security Technology
Guest-Oriented Technology
Guest Room
Technology
Special Facilities
Operations Management Security and Loss Prevention
Sanitation Issues
Maintenance Management Energy Management Organizational Management Organizational Structure
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Communication
Organization of Work
Human Resource Management Functions
Recruitment and Retention
Compensation Management Marketing Management Planning
Strategy Development
Promotion
Sales Management Developing Customer Value
Lodging Management Food and Beverage Management Casino Management Event Management Conventions
Conferences
Resort Management Professional Standards
Codes of Conduct
Best Practices
Benchmarking
From the Paper "In 1988, tourism once again began a rise. This time, however, the crisis in the Middle East that eventually erupted into the Gulf War brought tourism to a screeching halt. When the Gulf War ended, tourism was once again expected to begin a growth phase. By that time, however, the United States had entered into another economic recession, and economic activity in most of the other industrial nations had begun to slow. At that time, recovery in the travel industry was not expected to occur until the mid-1990s."
Abstract The paper examines how United Airlines and American Airlines employ strategies of yield management. The paper notes the central role of economic factors in the overall productivity and operatives within the airline industry and shows how these factors are highly susceptible to the specifics of travelers.
From the Paper "The airline industry is saturated with different techniques for capitalizing on economical conditions, which are subject to various components. Each sector within the airline industry is constantly refining their yield management productivity. Among these are the traditional carriers that operate in accordance to economical factors, modifying practices in order to achieve the highest level of profitability. The modifications of their practices are subject to the degree of changes that are implemented through pricing and adjustment to capacity. "
Abstract The paper explores whether the hospitality industry, including restaurants, hotels, travel agencies and even bars and nightclubs, continues to lead the way in demanding the creation of new technology to suit its needs. The paper looks at the history of technology in the hospitality industry and shows how this industry has always responded to change with technological innovation and adaptation. The paper examines current and future trends and concludes that the hospitality industry will likely continue to grow and demand technological advances to better meet its needs and the needs of consumers in this new global service market.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief History of Technology in Hospitality
Modern Technology Trends in Hospitality
Conclusion
From the Paper "Without a clear understanding of the innovative manner in which the hospitality industry has grown, both domestically and internationally it might be easy for the modern consumer to assume that advances in technology are not a priority in the industry. This would be an assumption made in error, as historically speaking the hospitality industry has been demanding and producing innovation since it began. The industry has led the way in the development especially of food and beverage transportation, storage and preparation, business strategy developments as well as communications technology so they can more easily provide the consumer with quality at an increasingly rapid rate of delivery."
This report characterizes the market for the ski resort industry and related products/services and assesses the attractiveness of this market to potential producers/marketers.
Abstract This paper explains that, although skiing is one of Americans' favorite sports and leisure activities, ski areas throughout North America are facing many problems. The author points out that fewer people visit U.S. ski areas now than ten or twenty years ago. The paper also relates that the high seasonality of demand, the potential negative effects of climate change and issues surrounding environmentally sustainable management practices present major challenges to the ski industry. The author underscores that the barriers to market entry include large amounts of initial capital, high maintenance costs, dependability on weather and human resources management. The paper reports that successful resorts respond to these challenges through continued diversification and effective customer relationship management programs. The author concludes that the ski resort industry is not an attractive candidate for potential market entrants.
Table of Contents:
List of Figures
Executive Summary
Purposes of the Report
Sources and Methods of Data Collection
Interpretations and Conclusions
Introduction
Industry Assessment
Industry Landscape
Market Demand Seasonality of Demand Factors Influencing Future Demand Climate Change
Environmentally Sustainable Management Barriers to Entry
Staying Ahead of the Competition
Summary
From the Paper "Seasonality of demand in the ski resort industry refers to the fluctuations in demand during different months of the year. Statistics reflecting the number of visits or the frequency of ski resort visitations per season is not readily available, making it difficult to quantify seasonality of demand. However, one can draw a parallel between the seasonality of demand in the ski resort industry and the seasonality of demand for skis and related equipment. According to AuctionBytes.com (2007), the independent trade publication for online merchants, demand for snow skis seems to concentrate around Christmas holidays."
Tags: seasonality decline start-up diversification, human resources management
Abstract This paper examines how September 11 and other world events have impacted the airline industry, as well as why they were affected. It also discusses what measures they have taken to combat these effects and remain solvent and successful all the while.
Safety Fears
Measures Taken to Improve Airline Solvency
Historical Perspectives and Financials
Post 9-11 Travel Governmental Bailouts
Effect of Iraqi Invasion on Airline Industry and Travel Terrorism Fears
Airline Schedule Changes Related to Iraqi Invasion
Management Intervention to Stave off Bankruptcy
Management Cutbacks
Labor Concessions
SARS Outbreak and the Public Health Response
Geographical Implications
Intervention of World Health Organizations
Airline Response to Ongoing Concerns
Continuing Labor and Financial Concessions
Marrying up of Major Carriers with Low-Cost No Frills Airlines
Future Trends and Financial Outlook
From the Paper "Historically the airline industry has been resilient to trends. But the investment made in the September 11th attacks was relatively small ? It is estimated that the hijackers spent about $50,000 total for their accommodations, rental cars and airline tickets. But in the week which followed the attacks, the financial injury to the American economy became clear -$60 billion in direct costs to the US economy and well over $600 billion in stock market losses (Dallas Business Journal, 2003) . Perhaps the hardest hit was the airline companies. Questions were raised about airline security, and the airlines stood in significant danger of being named in thousands of law suits from families who lost loved ones in the attacks."
