Abstract The writer of this paper examines the various social situations and experiences encountered, in the area of law enforcement, which influence and mold the personalities of police officers. This paper delves into the long-standing personality theory that dictates which particular traits are patterned within an individual's personality. The writer of this paper explores and details the shared personality traits evident among police officers, including their desire to help others, as well as the need for respect and dignity normally associated with the profession. This paper discusses the relevant published research, which states that certain individuals choose a career in law enforcement for a variety of reasons, including: Job security, wages and benefits as well as a clear career path.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
General Concepts of Police Personality
Nature versus Nurture: Socialization and On-The-Job Experiences
Men Police Officers: Status, Gender and Personality
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Based on the status model of personality, there is a distinct "pecking order" in place in virtually all police departments across the country that helps initiate newcomers to the profession into the field; new recruits to the force will ignore this hierarchy at their peril. According to Gerber, the high-status officer in each partnership type will be perceived as having more instrumentally oriented (dominating and instrumental) traits and the low-status officer will be viewed as having more expressive traits. In addition, the status model predicts that officers' perceptions of their personality traits will be affected by group status-the overall status of their partnership in relation to other kinds of partnerships. In her review of Gerber's analysis, Monago suggests that this study showed that sex category and work experience played instrumental roles in personality adjustments."
Tags: law, enforcement, career, profession, traits, personality, research
Abstract This paper gives a sample systems plan for a fitness center that wishes to improve its information and communications technology by purchasing hardware and software. The purpose of the plan is to enable The Fitness Center to obtain competitive advantage over other fitness clubs by providing a system to help members plan a fitness program to meet their particular needs. Specific jobs and teams are described as part of the plan, as are the various stages of implementation. The paper also includes a list of system development guidelines that are to be followed during the project. The paper concludes by mentioning that the plan has support from the staff at The Fitness Center and they intend to let the public know about the new system.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose and Goal of the Fitness Center Information System Roles and Responsibilities of the Fitness Center Information System Roles and Responsibilities of the PMO and Project Team
Project Team Leader
Senior Developers
Developers
Quality Assurance Analyst
Database Administrator
Other Roles
Systems Development Methodology
The Fitness Center Information System (TFCIS) Project Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Systems Investigation
Systems Analysis and Design
Systems Construction and Development
Systems Implementation, Review and Maintenance Schedule
Milestones and Activities
Systems Development Guidelines
Conclusion
Marketing Activities and Future Plans
From the Paper "In line with TFCIS Project, the management decided to create a Project Management Office (PMO) to be headed by the Director of Marketing acting as the Project Sponsor and he will assign one of his supervisors to act as the Project Manager. The roles and responsibilities of the PMO is to "provide project management support functions and is responsible for the direct management (Project Management Institute, Inc., 2004)" of the TFCIS Project. The Fitness Center hired the services of one of the city's top software development companies and the software development company directly reports to the PMO. To ensure understanding of roles, responsibilities and deliverables, the following are the software development company's Project Team's duties, responsibilities and deliverables...."
Tags:systems, administration, computers, fitness, center
Abstract This document is a design proposal created according to the requirements of the system requirements specification document for an emergency dispatching system for the State of Victoria. The design proposal details how the system will log incoming calls to police, fire, ambulance and state emergency services, send dispatching requests to various services, monitor resource allocation and status and provide complete auditing facilities. The paper is written largely in point form and has many graphics.
Table of Contents:
1. Overall Description of the Proposed Design
1.1. Incident Calls and Information Gathering
1.2. Resource Allocation
1.3. Communication With Emergency Units
1.4. Auditing System 1.5. Conclusion
2. Constraints
3. Functional Requirements
3.1 Requirement - Incoming Call Screen
3.2 Requirement - Timer Initiation and Ending
3.3 Requirement - Dispatch Unit Screen
3.4 Requirement - Submit Incident Report to Auditing Subsystem
3.5 Requirement - Secure Access to System 3.6 Requirement - Description of Incident
3.7 Requirement - Cancel Incident Response
3.8 Requirement - Search and View Incident Log Records
3.9 Requirement - Issue Monthly Summary Report of Operations
3.10 Requirement - Status of Mobile Unit
3.11 Requirement - Communications
3.12 Requirement - Restore Unit to Operational Status
3.13 Requirement - Estimated Cost of Incident
3.14 Requirement - Interface to First Aid Databases
3.15 Requirement - Advise Hospital of Organ Donors
8. Structure Diagram
4. Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
4.1 Context Diagram
4.2 Diagram 0
4.3 Diagram 1
4.4 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
5. Screen Designs
5.1 Incoming Call Screen
5. 2 Dispatch Screen
6. Hardware Requirements
7. Data Migration
8. Estimates
9. Estimated Costs and Benefits of the New System 9.1 Hardware and Software Costs
9.2 Labour/Manpower Costs
9.3 Tangible Benefits of the New System 9.4 Intangible Benefits of the New System 10. Test Plan
From the Paper "The new system is composed of 4 sub-systems which provide a complete and accurate response to emergency incidents, both in the field and in the no less important realm of auditing. The auditing system is of prime importance to the Victorian Government as by law it must assess the Emergency Services to ascertain if they are functioning in an efficient manner and at a suitable level."
Tags: allocation, auditing, design, information, resource, response, system
Abstract This paper provides a thorough overview of the gathering systems requirements process in relation to the overall systems development process. The paper includes an analysis of the two basic types of system requirements, both technical and business related. The paper also provides an overview of both the technical and business-related unmet needs of external and internal customers.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Overview of the Gathering Systems Requirements Process
Why the Gathering Systems Requirements Phase Is Most Critical
Comparing Business Versus Technical Needs In the Context of the Gathering Systems Requirements Phase
Methodologies for Collecting User Requirements
From the Paper "Requirements Specification, Validation and Management is also critical in the Gathering System Requirements Process - This is also a very critical task in that the feasibility of the project and its vision must be rigorously and thoroughly defined into product and solution concepts that can be transformed into specific application features and solution sets. The progression of turning requirements into specifications, validating them, and managing the requirements in the context of an overall product line strategy is also very critical. The database or repository of requirements must be continually managed and updated to reflect current user and customer unmet needs, with a strong focus on how to translate them into future product directions."
Abstract This paper examines how nearly every institution of higher education has some form of an honor system with varying degrees of student participation, predetermined harshness and procedure, and sets of guidelines governing student conduct and integrity. It employs the interpretive paradigm as an approach to understanding the motivations and actions of James Madison University's honor system's most intimate agents. It attempts to show that what we learn about the agents of the honor system is most telling when drawn into sharper relief with less intimate, less permanent, more occasional agents, such as witnesses, professors, and defendants. It focuses on the culture of the JMU honor system's more intimate agents and on the more attenuated participants and argues that the honor system's internal agents embrace a culture of guilt, whereby agents weave into their framework a stronger presumption of guilt for accused parties than those external to the system and a greater taste for severity of punishment.
From the Paper "Cheating is prevalent at American colleges and universities. Rutgers University professor Donald L. McCabe is an expert in the field of academic integrity. Research that he conducts published in The Chronicle of Higher Education indicates that nearly 75 percent of students at top colleges and universities have cheated at least once in their adult academic career. (The Chronicle, Oct. 15, 1999). Unless James Madison University is substantially different in some relevant respect from the compilation of schools McCabe's evidence is based upon, there is no reason to think that the rate of cheating at JMU is a substantial deviation from what McCabe reports the national rates to be. (This of course is if we relax any potential criticism of McCabe's internal validity for the time being)."
An analysis of current market and applications for Executive Information Systems software solutions plus details of a small company and how it benefits when implementing such an executive information system.
Abstract The following paper examines how L.L. Bradford and Company, a regional CPA firm, decided to offer its clients full financial services. This paper discusses how such a company that wishes to effectively service their customers and maximize the value of the benefits they can provide, needs to find a software package that can integrate all the existing ?legacy systems? on a relational basis, and allow information that previously had been available only to the auditors through their software to become available to all. The writer also examines how L.L. Bradford chose to buy and customize an off-the-shelf Executive Information System called "Goldmine";which allows all departments to have access to the same customer information, allowing for marketing of services, billing, follow-up and other services the company wishes to provide its clients. This paper goes on to prove that the above is a good example of the benefit of Executive Information Systems, as it shows basically what can be done, and how business and communication between business and clients, departments and management, owners and employees can be facilitated to build business and stimulate growth.
From the Paper "Internet technologies and applications have grown more rapidly than anyone could have envisioned, even as recently as five years ago. They have opened up new means and frontiers of communication, collaboration and coordination between customers, businesses and trading partners.Executive Information Systems, also known as Enterprise Software is an explosively-growing $23 billion a year sub-industry of software for companies looking to use technology to improve virtually every key corporate function ? manufacturing, finance, sales, marketing, human resources and supply-chain management. Executive Information Systems, or Enterprise Resource Planning software, solutions are software solutions that provide a common, consistent system to capture data organization-wide to integrate information across corporate functions and to provide tools for planning and monitoring the various functions and processes towards a common purpose. To compete effectively, companies are challenged to create new products, maximize efficiencies in service, processing and administration, and increase penetration within existing markets, all the while keeping customers satisfied with high levels of service which may span several time zones. While the profitability of corporations is typically measured in dollars, overall success can be measured in terms of profitability plus the attainment of organizational goals. This success derives from a synergy of inputs, including the work of employees who are dedicated, skilled and knowledgeable, and a management team that understands how to inspire competent and motivated performance through sensitive and responsive management of a continually changing workplace."
Abstract This paper explores the reasons for the shift from a hub-based token ring system to an Ethernet system. The author discusses the desire for increased speed, greater bandwidth and general updating of the system to be more compatible with other contemporary systems.
From the Paper "The Ethernet originated as a laboratory project at Xerox Corporation in 1974. It was developed as an inexpensive way of sending information quickly between office machines connected together in a single room or building thus serving in essentially the same way that a local area network functions but it rapidly became a standard computer interconnection method in large measure because of the speed at which it is capable of transmitting data, which is 10 megabits per second. The Ethernet originally required a coaxial cable as its communications medium, but this is no longer the case."
This well-researched paper examines the juvenile justice system and its method of dealing with juvenile offenders which has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception.
Abstract This paper explores the history of the juvenile justice system, dating back to the 1820s and until the present. The juvenile justice system in dealing with juvenile offenders has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception. The writer of this paper contends that in certain cases juvenile criminals should be treated differently than adults who commit the same crimes and supports this claim by detailing eight possible justifications. One justification is that adults are responsible for their acts, whereas juveniles are not. Another justification is that juveniles are more pliable than adults and respond better to treatment and rehabilitation.
This paper also details various research which examines the history of the juvenile justice system from 1820 which found that when juvenile crime is determined to be high, the justice system responds with severe punishments and few rehabilitative approaches. This paper also discusses the current approach to the juvenile justice system and questions its effectiveness in dealing with juvenile offenders.
From the Paper "What the models or approaches have neglected up to this point is the importance of the victim and the community, accountability of the offender, and competency development. So far there has been the debate between punishment versus treatment as options, but both have negative side effects and essentially ignore everything else. The need for retribution may be satisfied by punishment, but the offender can be negatively affected. Punishment can undermine self-restraint, stigmatizes the offender and creates problems of adjustment, which encourages delinquency, to name a couple, but it also encourages offenders to focus on themselves, not the victim and their responsibility."
Tags: youth, crime, law, legal, justice, system, court, rights
Abstract This paper covers an interview with the analyst/designer of a large insurance tracking system, tracing the history of the project, the expectations of the customer, and the outcome of the project.
From the Paper "The company for which the system was developed was a mid-sized private insurance company with nationwide presence and a few small subsidiaries. The average age of employees was ..."
Tags: IT, information systems, computers, system development, systems analysis, system design
Abstract This paper looks in detail at the different types of nervous tissue which include the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and some special senses.
From the Paper "The nervous system is divided into two main components the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and functions as the command center for the nervous system. The CNS coordinates the activities of the entire body. It receives and analyzes information through the PNS from the sense organs and other receptors throughout the..."
Tags: central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, brain, autronomic nervous system, special senses
Abstract This paper answers a number of questions about the lymphatic system and the immune system. The paper includes technical descriptions of both systems and discusses their anatomical and physiological features.
From the Paper "The lymphatic system is a one-way system because it functions to return excess tissue fluid to the circulation. It only flows in one direction. The blood vascular system is a two-way system because it brings oxygen and nutrients to the tissues via the arteries and takes carbon dioxide and waste products away from the tissues via the veins. Lymphatic vessels resemble veins in that they have thin walls and they have valves to prevent back flow. Lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries in that they begin in the..."
Tags: antigen, antibody, lumph node, lyphatic system
Abstract This paper is a profile of the company Electronic Data Systems, the largest independent systems management and services firm in the U.S. (with rival IBM being number one worldwide.) The paper shows that among the services delivered by the company are systems integration, network and systems operations, data center management, application development, and outsourcing.
From the Paper "Electronic Data Systems (EDS) pioneered the computer outsourcing business, and today this company is the largest independent systems management and services firm in the US (with rival IBM being number one worldwide.) Among the services delivered by the company are systems integration, network and systems operations, data center management, application development, and outsourcing: The company also offers management consulting through its A.T. Kearney unit. It serves customers in a number of different industries, including health care, manufacturing, and transportation; EDS is a also one of the largest federal government contractors. The company was spun off in 1996 from General Motors, which still accounts for about 10% of revenues (Electronic Data Systems Corporation, 2005, para. 1). The industry of which this company is a prime example is classified as including data processing, computer systems design, data processing services, and computer facilities management."
Abstract In recent months, the furor over the release of Karla Homolka has sparked heated debate and calls for a review of the Canadian justice system. The following paper examines three contentious areas of the Canadian legal system that seem in desperate need of a reassessment. The first of these revolves around the growing perception that the Canadian judiciary is arrogant, perhaps even irresponsible, and simply unresponsive to the concerns of ordinary Canadians. The second area revolves around the treatment of aboriginal peoples within the Canadian justice system and the third and last area revolves around the difficulty that Canadian law-makers and justices are having in reconciling the somewhat amorphous multiculturalism they embrace in theory with the fundamental liberal democratic tenets that under-gird the Canadian justice system.
Abstract This paper discusses the designers of information systems and their need to know the efficiency of their products. However, according to this paper, adoption of information systems often fails because the system used is in appropriate for organizational needs. The paper further discusses the use of information systems in pediatrics is especially difficult because the system has to be adapted from the adult model as children and adolescents have specific issues.
From the Paper " Nurses and doctors are generally satisfied with information systems, but they also realize the drawbacks. The designer's purpose is to provide information tools for clinical care, administration, research, teaching and consumer education. "Comprehensive health information systems must serve the needs of various users and provide proper support for clinical care, health system administration, public and provider education, and research."
Abstract The paper discusses how Stephen Kerr contended that the rewards systems that are designed by many organizations result in conflicting messages sent to workers. The concept is that if the rewards system does not address what the worker wants in the end, the worker will ignore the rewards system. Therefore, managers must correspond rewards with worker needs or desires in order for the rewards to benefit business. The paper relates that conflicting rewards systems have been evident in the criminal justice system and lead to inefficiency in the workplace.
From the Paper "McKay and Sourval (1996) suggest that in the criminal justice system, workers will often not meet the organizational goals because the rewards system that is developed does not correspond with worker need (p. 44). Leaders and managers demand respect from workers and this respect is expected to extend to the organization."
