A discussion on the reason why the tourismindustry is vital to the African economy, with reference to the article "Boom Time for African Tourism," by Nasseem Ackbarally and Neil Ford.
Abstract The paper notes that the African tourismindustry is booming despite the worldwide threats of terrorism and high aviation fuel costs. The paper analyzes an article that appeared in African Business, "Boom Time for African Tourism," by Nasseem Ackbarally and Neil Ford, which discusses the pros and cons of the boom facing the African tourismindustry. The point is made by the paper that Africa depends on the tourist industry for its economic well being.
From the Paper "While the rise in tourist numbers in Africa is bound to lead to greater investment in the transport infrastructure, including an increased investment in roads and airports, and the water and power resources, the downside is the diversion of scarce resources away from residential and industrial consumers. Most world travelers and even folks that do not get to travel have been enticed by African safaris from an early age."
Tags: tourist, revenues, wars, on, terror, growing, industries, turbulent, environment
Abstract The following essay looks at the methodology, literature and analysis of the trends within the tourismindustry and how the digital age and Internet marketing has changed this industry dramatically.
Table of contents
Introduction
Trends within the TourismIndustry Methodology
Results and Analysis
Future challenges for the Tourism and Travel industry in the Digital Age
From the Paper The growth of the WWW on the Internet has created many opportunities as well as challenges for commercial businesses and industries. One of the challenges for a small- or medium-sized business is how to be found by the potential customer. This is underlined in a recent article about international marketing in Sloan Management Review (Quelch and Klein, 1996). The authors state that "the potential for 'information overload' is enormous" (p. 66). Even though the lack of rules on the net is critical to electronic commerce (Spar and Bussgang, 1996), this is not so critical for Internet as an information source.
Abstract This paper explains that the travel and tourismindustry, one of the largest global industries, has experienced continuing growth in spite of terrorism which has hammered the aviation industry but not the travel and tourismindustry. The author points out that that the factors associated with the emergence and promotion of travel and tourism are based on increased productivity, the psychological mobility typically associated with broadened horizons, and improvements in transportation and communications facilities. The paper stresses that the gap theories, such as dissonance and importance-performance that seek to explain how tourists first experience certain expectations concerning their travels and then relate these expectations to the reality of their experiences, may provide researchers with the most valuable insights into how and why people will seek out a destination in the first place and why they will either return there or not.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Background and Overview
Expectancy Disconfirmation Paradigm (EDP)
Comparison Theory
Value-Precept Theory
Importance-Performance
Equity Theory
The Dissonance Theory
Contrast Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper "The reasons people travel are as limitless as the number of people involved, but there is a sufficient amount of commonality in their behaviors and rationale to develop some generalities concerning recreation behaviors. The explosive growth of tourism after World War II has clearly been dramatic; this growth has been largely the result of higher discretionary incomes, smaller family size, changing demographics, lower transportation costs, improved public health standards, infrastructure development, and until recently, more hospitable environments for tourists in many destinations, especially long-distance travel and tourism. There is also a clear "build it and they will come" quality to travel and tourism; before the advent of modern transportation systems, only the truly hearty and fearless might seek to explore new horizons in foreign countries. Today, though, things are much different, of course, and virtually any destination in the world in only a few hours away by air."
Abstract This essay will discuss the impact of the tourismindustry upon the economy and social system of one country of the region, Tunisia. It will be argued that the possibilities and the problems of this nation's industry mirror, in many respects, that of the region as a whole. However, Tunisia's exceptionally well-regulated tourismindustry can also serve as an example to other nations of the regions of how to successfully develop and manage a sensitive industry in a region marked by social and political turmoil.
Abstract This paper provides a a step by step account of how Carnival Cruise Lines has earned the dominant position they have today in the tourismindustry through strategic alliances, marketing and how they have used technology to leverage their competitive advantage. It focuses on their efforts in four areas: being family orientated; being environmentally friendly; convenience and customer service; and their affiliations and strategic initiatives and shows how through these efforts customers stay loyal and come back in the future on one of their other cruises.
From the Paper "Carnival Cruise management have a strong ability to recognize social trends such as the need for short 3-5 day vacations (mini-vacations) and have invested in travel and tourism related companies to help them offer the best vacation in that short time period. For example, Carnival purchased Cunard Line Limted And Airtows PLC to help compliment their cruises with land activities. This is given Carnival the ability to fully control and create packages for three different adventure categories that are truly unique to Carnival such as Dog Sledding in Alaska. Management has also been able to align itself with companies such as Universal Studio?s."
This paper examines how the tourismindustry is turning to technology to build relationships and loyalty with their customers. This paper focuses on three areas: 1) database marketing 2) use of internet and email and 3) emerging trends.
Abstract The report focuses on three items and their impact on the tourismindustry. First, how database and loyalty marketing has helped relationship marketing. Second, how Internet and email has affected how customers search for information and purchase. Third, best practices and trends used by companies to gain a competitive advantage in their industry.
From the Paper "Information systems are helping businesses better target their marketing efforts by storing information from customers received from surveys, invoice information, forms and contest giveaways. This allows Managers to execute complex communications programs that reinforce their name and build brand loyalty. Business owners know that to stay in business, some customers have to become repeat and loyal customers. According to an article in Ecom World (Shelton, 1999), customer loyalty is critical for three reasons:
1. Loyal, repeat customers cost less in marketing, support and advertising
2. Positive word-of-mouth from loyal customers brings new customers
3. Customers that have a poor experience will tell others."
Tags: computer, hotel, information, loyalty, management, systems
This paper discusses the principles, techniques, benefits and limiting factors associated with relationship marketing (RM) as applied to the tourismindustry.
Abstract This paper defines relationship marketing (RM) as a way of doing business transactions with a customer focus to gain a competitive advantage through differentiation in a crowded market place. The author evaluates RM by using PO Cruises, Malaysia Airlines and the role of Frequent Flyer Programs within airlines as examples. The paper concludes that the success of RM within the tourismindustry is an effective strategy and should be part of a firm's long-range planning.
From the Paper "RM is an efficient, effective and cheaper way to generate repeat business. Despite the fact that "the cost of gaining a new customer is falling through the use of the internet, global players and large market shares" (Middleton 2002: 167) some organizations within the tourism industry still fail to recognize it's potential. Club 18-30 can be put into this category when their Resort Representative selling techniques are assessed. The welcome meeting on any Club 18-30 holiday takes place in a contained area and Reps somewhat pressure holiday makers into purchasing the "trips" on offer (at a mere ?150 for 2 weeks) by suggesting that they will not have any fun without them. Many young tourists buy into this, which in turn influences others. With a pressurized environment, pushy selling techniques and a sense of consumer obligation, the company makes a substantial profit and the reps a small commission. This experience overall makes the consumer feel like a transaction rather than a valued customer."
This paper discusses the development of the tourismindustry in the Gulf States including the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Yemen, Oman and Kuwait.
Abstract This paper explains that the Gulf States countries realize that they can not continue to sustain their economies based on crude oil; therefore, they have identified the tourismindustry as a viable option for the economy of the region. The author points out that the success of the tourismindustry is dependent on regional stability, which is a problem in the Arabian Peninsula. The paper relates that tourismindustry is labor-intensive; however, in the Persian Gulf region, the native population density is low, and skilled and trained workforces are generally imported from around the world. Maps.
Table of Content
Introduction
Introduction and Overview
Problem Statement
Importance of this Study
Definition of Terms
Limitations
Overview of this Study
Literature Review on Tourism Management
Overview of the TourismIndustry Needs of the TourismIndustry Identifying Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
Political map
The United Arab Emirates
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
Bahrain
Yemen
Oman
Kuwait
Need for Sustainable Development
Different Types of Tourism Marketing the Region to the Rest of the World
Supporting Tourism The External Factors in the Persian Gulf affecting the TourismIndustry Political Analysis of the Persian Gulf Region
Economic Analysis
Social Analysis
Technological Analysis
Legal Environment
Environmental Analysis
Competitive Analysis of the Market
Internal Rivalry
Barriers to Entry
Substitutes and Compliments
Buyer Power
Bargaining Powers of Suppliers
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendations
Summary
From the Paper "In 2002, WTTC organized the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa to identify the important factors and constraints that are facing the travel and tourism industry. (WTTC) Tremendous amounts of resources and investments are made by the private sector in the travel and tourism industry. The private sector is always driven by the need to generate profits and revenue for the organization making the investments at the same time these entities are expected to practice responsible behavior and observe the laws and regulation of the region within which they conduct business and behave ethically and morally in the region. Long term planning and resource development is also essential. It does not make financial sense for a corporation to build a multibillion dollar resort only to have to abandon it ten years down the road if the corporation has not been able to maintain the integrity and environment in which the resort operates. "
Abstract This paper discusses how the tourismindustry should respond to high risk travel destinations. The paper explains how the hurricane season devastated much of the tourismindustry in the United States. The paper focuses on Hurricane Katrina which affected tourism in areas outside the Gulf region. The paper explores the economic impact on tourism, its closely tied convention industry and a call for tourism security.
From the Paper "These stark figures focus on New Orleans, however, Hurricane Katrina's economic impact on tourism reaches far and wide. Mississippi has lost $2.8 billion in travel spending, while Alabama needs to recoup $2 billion in lost tourism revenue. Diane Mosson is the director of Unpackaged Holidays in Birmingham, England has experienced the economic realities on the tourism trade across the Atlantic. Britons visit New Orleans as one of their favorite tourist destinations. She is dismayed by the paralysis of tour bus operations as well as the smaller cruise operations. (Mosson 1)"
Abstract This paper examines how during 2003, Toronto's tourism and hospitality industry was significantly hampered by four major crises: An outbreak of SARS, West Nile Virus, Mad Cow disease and an electrical blackout. It discusses how although every individual within the Greater Toronto area (GTA) was affected in some manner, the tourismindustry was the most radically influenced and how the cumulative onslaught of the aforementioned events drastically reduced the number of visitors to the once thriving metropolis and threatened the livelihood of the city. It details the issues encountered by Toronto's tourismindustry during 2003 and the recovery methods that were instituted in order to endorse the city as an attractive tourism destination.
From the Paper "In order to regain the trust of travellers, positive advertising campaigns were initiated through mass mediums to the general public to highlight the positive elements that Toronto had to offer. The majority of the campaigns launched throughout the city were aimed at promoting Toronto through two key marketing concepts. These included (1) product bundling - offering a complete package to consumers at a reduced rate, and (2) reduced pricing - discounts placed upon specific offerings of the tourism sector. These concepts were based upon a loss-leader marketing strategy, whereby a very low price is charged for a product or service to entice customers into subsequently purchasing higher cost items. Mirvish Productions initiated one of the first examples of product bundling."
Abstract This paper reviews the global tourismindustry as one of the largest transnational industries of the modern world. In networks stretching from the richest and most developed nations of the global north, to the poorest developing nations of the global south, the tourismindustry employs millions of people with annual revenues in the billions of dollars. The paper further discusses how this industry is particularly significant in the economies of many poorer countries, such as those of the Caribbean basin, where the revenues provided from tourism are frequently - as in the case of Jamaica - the primary source of foreign exchange for the country.
Abstract This paper discusses the tourismindustry in Hong Kong. It examines one of the main tourist industry concerns in Hong Kong - unscrupulous tour operators. The paper explains how the tourismindustry in Hong Kong continues to expand at an unprecedented rate. In addition, the paper shows that protecting this tourism market should be one of Southeast Asia's primary tasks over the next 10-15 years.
From the Paper "The Hong Kong market has long been synonymous with the business and financial set but it has also developed a substantial tourism industry. Hong Kong has become a tourism destination both for its proximity to Mainland China as well as for its own unique sights and sounds. Tourism officials in Hong Kong estimate that the number of overall arrivals into the region increased by over 8% just during the first 10 months of 2006 to a total of 20.76m unique arrivals classified as tourist related travel (HK, 2006)."
Tags: tourist, tour, operators, Mainland, China, travel, Southeast, Asia
Abstract The tourist industry is extremely volatile and vulnerable to extreme losses, particularly when natural disasters and other calamities strike a popular tourist destination. This paper discusses natural disasters and the concept of calamity, and focuses on their impact on the tourismindustry, particularly the hospitality industry. Using case studies, this paper clearly shows the impact of these disasters on economies relying on tourism as a mainstay of their financial foundation. Additionally, this paper discusses strategies employed by some of the hardest hit areas in an effort to re-establish their tourism and hospitality base.
From the Paper "With the waterfront destroyed, and with the vast amount of debris, even those whose fishing boats were not completely destroyed are unable to provide the fish for tourists throughout the rest of Thailand. Further problems in this area of tourism stem from the problems or concerns associated with the diets of the fish caught near Thailand. As the tsunami swept bodies into the ocean, it is likely that at least some fed on those bodies, creating a high possibility for vast epidemics of disease if eaten (Bindloss, 2005). Since a large attraction for tourists to Thailand was the cultural dining and atmosphere, such a devastating consequence will deter still more tourists from visiting this area."
Abstract This paper examines the impacts of transportation technologies and online technologies upon the tourismindustry. The paper begins by discussing the concepts of globalization and change and then looks at their impact on global tourism. The paper also briefly looks at how technological changes in tourism have impacted work habits and education.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Findings
Transportation
The Internet
Work and Tourism Education and Tourism Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper "The tourism industry is one of the most relevant examples in the context of a changing global environment. The pace of this change has most likely been set by the rapid technological advancements. Some of these new technologies have been integrated in tourism operations. The most eloquent example in this sense is the emergence of the internet, which led to reduced costs and increased operational efficiency within the tourism agencies and airports. The strategy has also resulted in a closeness between vendors and clients and increased satisfaction for both parties. Aside the internet, other major technologies that supported the continuous growth of the tourism industry are those implemented by transportation, which became safer, quicker and more pleasing. Finally, the technological implementations within tourism operations have led to modifications in working habits and have also generated an increased demand for labor force, implying as such that educational institutions place more emphasis on teaching tourism."
Abstract This paper briefly discusses the role of tourism in promoting economic stability. It discusses the contribution of tourism to gross domestic product (GDP). The paper briefly looks at the the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund and how it has agreed to offer special loans to the tourismindustry in the hope of reviving it in Japan.
Table of Contents:
Economic Sustainability
Economic Sustainability and Tourism Contributions of Tourism to GDP
From the Paper "The touristy industry has been approached from different standpoints across the globe. There are the countries which exploited it to the maximum and registered significant gains from attracting foreign tourists, and consequently investors. There are also those countries which focused on other industries. As a general tendency in the contemporaneous society however, most emerging countries try to consolidate their touristy industry. "Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy and developing countries are attempting to cash in on this expanding industry in an attempt to boost foreign investment and financial reserves" (Pleumarom). And to make sure that the gains will also be present in ten or twenty years, the governments and the organizations develop and implement programs based on economic sustainability."
