Abstract The paper discusses how China has recently given more than sixty countries "Approved Destination Status" for its residents to visit. The paper explains that this means that many countries will soon be experiencing an unprecedented influx of wealthy, upper-middle class Chinese tourists. This could amount to a massive increase in tourism for many countries, after all, in 2004 some 29 million Chinese tourists traveled internationally, and spent about US$30 billion.The paper explores the question of whether the tourism industries in these counties is ready for this influx.
Abstract This paper discusses the tourism industry in Hong Kong. It examines one of the main tourist industry concerns in Hong Kong - unscrupulous tour operators. The paper explains how the tourism industry in Hong Kong continues to expand at an unprecedented rate. In addition, the paper shows that protecting this tourism market should be one of Southeast Asia's primary tasks over the next 10-15 years.
From the Paper "The Hong Kong market has long been synonymous with the business and financial set but it has also developed a substantial tourism industry. Hong Kong has become a tourism destination both for its proximity to Mainland China as well as for its own unique sights and sounds. Tourism officials in Hong Kong estimate that the number of overall arrivals into the region increased by over 8% just during the first 10 months of 2006 to a total of 20.76m unique arrivals classified as tourist related travel (HK, 2006)."
Tags: tourist, tour, operators, Mainland, China, travel, Southeast, Asia
Discusses the feelings of the people of Mexico regarding tourism during the holiday, Day of the Dead, based on Lucero Morales Cano and Avis Mysyk's article "Cultural tourism, the State, and the Day of the Dead".
Abstract The paper is a review of an article entitled "Cultural tourism, the State, and the Day of the Dead", which the writer find particularly relevant to him because of his plans to observe Day of the Dead celebrations during an upcoming visit to Mexico. The paper then relates the emotions of the writer prior to an intended visit to Mexico during the "Day of the Dead " celebrations, noting that there is a conflict between the authorities who welcome tourism on this holiday and the civilians who see tourism as intrusion into a sacred historical ritual and oppose it being promoted as a tourist attraction. The paper also explains that the community is divided on the subject, as many recognize the economic importance of tourism.
From the Paper "These dynamics are evident in Mexico, particularly concerning how to mediate the conflict between the state and local residents over the tourist attraction that Day of the Dead festivities have become because of globalization. Cano and Mysyk have studied the problems which have arisen in the village of Huaquechula since 1988, when the one road leading into the village was paved for the benefit of tourists and the village became a part of the tourism circuit. In the process of studying the impact of these developments, Mysyk surveyed the villagers regarding their appreciation of the presence of tourists, their behavior, their feelings about tourists photographing or videotaping altars, and related issues."
Abstract This paper reviews the global tourism industry as one of the largest transnational industries of the modern world. In networks stretching from the richest and most developed nations of the global north, to the poorest developing nations of the global south, the tourism industry employs millions of people with annual revenues in the billions of dollars. The paper further discusses how this industry is particularly significant in the economies of many poorer countries, such as those of the Caribbean basin, where the revenues provided from tourism are frequently - as in the case of Jamaica - the primary source of foreign exchange for the country.
Abstract The paper examines how a rise in tourism in certain areas eventually affects the environment of the place, causing problems. The paper uses several examples of places around the globe where tourists frequently spend their time and shows how this trend has affects the environment. Places and problems examined include soil erosion in the Philippines due the the higher demand for flush toilets, the death of seagulls in Lancaster, PA, who mistake mass parking lots for water sources and the loss of firewood in Nepal due to the over-use by hikers. The paper also explores ways in which the tourism industry can strive to become more environmentally friendly to avoid problems in the future.
From the Paper "Without a precise zoning guideline, residents and developers can cross usages and designs without regard to the bigger picture. For example, a resort could go in next to a farm. In Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, for example, a farm was sold and used for an outlet center. The farm had been located at a major intersection so it was a prime commercial site. However, now the traffic there is astronomical. The foot traffic has increased as well. The pollution level has been raised greatly. The number of accidents at that intersection has risen. Farmland has been lost."
Abstract This paper is an argumentative discussion of sex tourism. It discusses the sources of demand that drive it and the government inactivity that permits it to thrive. The paper examines the problem of the sex tourism business targeting women and children in the poorest countries.
From the Paper "A working definition of sex tourism is tourism partially or fully for the purpose of having sex often with prostitutes. According to Jo Sargent writing for Geographical child sex tourism is a deeply uncomfortable subject. Many people are unaware of how widespread this practice is in many parts of the world and especially in the third world. However there are many people who are well aware of the problem and choose to ignore it. There are also many international travelers who are unsure of ..."
Tags: sex, child sex, sex trafficking, slavery, brothel, indifference, demand and supply, third world, hard currency, pedophile, sex tourism, sexcapades
Abstract This paper discusses how the impact of tourism upon local ecosystems has only become a matter of significance in recent decades as the environmental movement has gained traction. The paper takes a look at one of the more ambitious tourism projects in Ontario history, Canada Wonderland, and examines the way in which it redefined and impacted the local environment and or ecosystem into which it was thrust. Specifically, the paper attempts to determine the impact of Canada's Wonderland upon the local species of wildlife and what the arrival of the park meant for the local wilderness in terms of trees removed and acres cleared.
Abstract Recreation and tourism are major industries which can permit otherwise impoverished regions to stay fiscally float and which can also satisfy the human need for leisure time and escape. This paper does not dispute the basic contentions of the preceding paragraph but it does argue that the concept of recreation and the concept of tourism are both items which are far more sophisticated than many of us might imagine. Specifically this paper examines the use and occasional exploitation of natural amenities in tourist areas and asserts that natural amenities serve basic human needs for control.
Abstract This paper is an analysis of several different types of technology , and the effect that each of them has on on different part of the tourism industry. Some of the issues discussed are, the used of the internet, digital video and laser video.
From the paper:
"The IMAX films that are promoting Pittsburgh right now are also very interesting because it puts the viewer in perspective of the destination. It is a virtual reality of the destination. People will not always be sold just by word of mouth, but if they could actually see the destination and, in a way experience part of it at home, then they will be more likely to want to travel to that particular destination. Another one of my articles talks about the internet and how important it is to have good marketing skills in order to sell your business or destination. People are on the internet more now than ever and are constantly thirsting for more information."
Abstract This paper presents a general analysis of the impact tourism development has on regional areas, both positive and negative. It uses regional Australia as an example to analyze the situation in more detail. It explains positive ecnomic developments but occasional negative social effects.
From the Paper "In recent decades, regional Australia has unquestionably been suffering from a downturn in both population and facilities (Hall, 1998, p 272). Whilst the reasons for this are many and varied, they are mostly outside the scope of this essay and thus will not be discussed here. However, it is the resultant state of this situation which highlights the benefits of tourism development to regional Australia. An increase in the urbanisation of Western society, Australia included, is responsible for the shrinkage of the agrarian society and consequent downturn in the fortunes of regional areas (Sharpley, 1999, p 285). Thus tourism development in regional Australia stimulates regional development as it promotes economic growth and employment generation. However, whilst this is the case, there are also factors that are preventing the occurrence of the tourism development of regional Australia. I will firstly discuss the benefits of regional tourism development in greater detail before proceeding with the discussion of the preventative factors."
Abstract This paper defines the Arctic in terms of geography and culture. The author performs a SWOT analysis to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of increased Arctic travel and tourism. The paper concludes that increased environmental government regulation is needed to maintain sustainable development.
From the Paper "Despite the harsh climate and isolation, it seems as though more and more people are traveling north to the Arctic as an alternative to the traditional ski trip and a beach vacation. According to some Arctic experts, travelers have made their way to the Arctic by ships for some time now. Ship based tourism has mostly been small scale; however, the cruise business world has recently experienced an increase in growth particularly with regard to the size and number of vessels destined for the Arctic."
Abstract This paper explains how Jamaica's tourist industry after 1960 reproduced colonial forms of oppression in an industry controlled by colonial elite investors and beneficiaries that capitalize on cheap labor supplies; explanation of results of mass tourism as pursued by various Third World countries, and in Jamaica's example; note higher basic costs, low industrial or other development, cultural decay; reinforcement of colonial/postcolonial elites in a dual economy and dual society of much poverty. Itwaru, Fanon, CLR James, plus other refs.
From the Paper "Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean, discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1494, named earlier by the Arawak Indians, 'Xaymaca' or the 'land of wood and water'. The Spanish introduced slaves from Africa after 1513, as labourers in a new sugarcane industry. In 1655, Jamaica became a British colony, continuing on till its independence in 1962. Just before independence, economic development began that centered on cultivating tourism, in keeping with other emerging colonies of the British Commonwealth Caribbean. This paper shows that tourism involves a carrying on of colonial phenomenon in independent Jamaica, including the class gaps of a colonial society. The moneyed classes were those to invest directly..."
This paper examines "Big Dragon China's Future: What it Means for Business, the Economy, and the Global Order" by Daniel Burstein and Arne de Keijzer who both contend that China is well on its way to becoming the world's largest economy.
Abstract This paper reviews Burstein and de Keijzer's "Big Dragon China's Future: What it Means for Business, the Economy, and the Global Order" in which both authors predict that by the 2030s China will be the world's largest economy. This paper discusses the various companies that have suffered due to the shifting politics of foreign policy between China being in favor one day and out the next. This paper also details the views of Jeffrey Garten, a writer for "Harvard Business Review" who sees China as enticement for foreign investors, yet stresses caution should be used in developing any business relationship with China. This well-written paper covers several areas regarding China's economy including a U.S. initiative supporting China's membership in the World Trade Organization, expansion of U.S. public-private partnerships to invest and help solve particular problems in China and development of China's policy mutually with U.S. allies. "Big Dragon" profiles many individual Chinese entrepreneurs and others who are bringing a new China into being. This paper also focuses on Zhang Wei, one of China's more successful entrepreneurs, who went from government researcher to heading a company employing 400 in only three years. Despite the differences between practices in China and other countries, many corporations are willing to take a big gamble on China, seeing that their future is dependent on their performance in China.
From the Paper "Over the course of his history, Zhang has captured the essence of the Chinese business world of "catch-as-catch-can". His corporation has various types of holdings, often-different one from the other. Zhang has bridged the gap across the Pacific with the United States with his position of "master franchise holder in China" of an American company, Fun World. What makes this situation particularly unique is that it is one of the first companies in China "to buy an interest in a U.S. company." At the time Big Dragon was written, Zhang was "negotiating an arrangement that would shift manufacturing of all the equipment for the centers to China." Zhang hopes to take the U.S. company over altogether, including the export of the concept to "other countries and selling the franchisees Chinese-made equipment." Zhang has encountered some problems along the way, problems that are compounded by China's culture and lack of laws, which govern specific business issues. One is that franchisees have stolen the company name and have opened their own centers."
Abstract This paper researches the relationship between the United States and China in regards to trading policies. A brief description of the United States' foreign policy is provided followed by an examination of the US-China trade relation from 1979 to present. The context of the research centers around the four p's in trading; power, principles, prosperity and peace and how in each area China has maintained such variables in trading. The other issues that are discussed as integral to the relationship of US-China trade are US-Soviet relations in regards to the China Card, Tiananmen Square, human rights, and labor standards. The paper concludes that the relationship between the U.S and China as described in the paper is teetering and yet, because of the WTO and foreign investments such as Boeing, trade with China is inevitable.
Outline:
China's Trade
China's Trade Relations
China Card
Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989
Conclusion
From the Paper "The concept of trade between countries is one that has been prevalent since the shipping industry of early China. In fact China and its role with the WTO is one in which there exists strain. China became a member of the WTO in December of 2001. China had been an original member of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) but has since declined any efforts towards globalization. However, since its inclusion with the WTO in 2001 China is under specific WTO regulations. These regulations are highlighted as nondiscrimination in trading policies, market opening, transparency and predictability, undistorted trade, and preferential treatment towards developing countries."
This paper examines the rich history, economy and culture of China as depicted in John Bryan Starr's "Understanding China: A Guide to China's Economy, History and Political Structure."
Abstract This paper reviews "Understanding China: A Guide to China's Economy, History and Political Structure" by John Bryan Starr. This paper discusses China's ancient culture and its emergence as one of the foremost powers in the modern world. This paper focuses on China's recent admission to the World Trade Organization and as well as its economy which is set to become the largest in the world within the next few years. The writer of this paper examines China's political history and contends that in spite of the country's numerous transformations, the structure of the government is today fundamentally identical with what it was under the later imperial dynasties. Today, there is no emperor at the top, but instead a small committee of the leading members of various political parties who hold much the same position. Although there had been significant changes in China's economy, few political changes transpired. The communists still hold a monopoly of power and although its economic policies scarcely seem to be communist anymore, it does not intend to relax its political grip.
From the Paper "Starr contends that China remains one of the most self-contained and hence inscrutable countries in the world. It has an ancient culture of major historical importance, and has been emerging as one of the foremost powers of the modern world. It is the third largest country in the world and certainly the most populous, with about one-fifth of the world's total population. Modern communications make it as easy to reach Beijing from London or New York as it is to get to Singapore or Nairobi. Yet China remains little known and poorly understood; few foreigners learn its language or study its history and culture. Although foreign trade and tourism have increased dramatically in the last decade, they are only very slowly leading to any changes in foreign perceptions of China."
