Abstract This paper examines the importance of music and dance in the extremely successful film industry in India. It explains that because Indianfilms are made predominantly for semi-literate audiences, they contain numerous action scenes (fights), elaborate song and dance sequences, a fair dose of slapstick comedy and an obligatory love story. This paper discusses why this industry is so successful and the role music and dance play in its success.
From the Paper "In its historical development, India's film industry paralleled that of the West. Dadasaheb Phalke's Raja Harishchandra, the first silent film for popular consumption, appeared in 1913; Alam Ara, the first "talkie," was released in 1931. But the Indian cinema derived its unique flavor from the older Indian musical theater-particularly from the Urdu poetic dramas of the late nineteenth century. The influence of this tradition ensured that Indian movies would favor mythological or legendary-historical stories, that their dialogue would carry an Urdu flavor even in languages other than Urdu, and that every film would be a musical."
Abstract This paper explains that the classic film "Singin' in the Rain" appeals to a broad audience because not only is it a good song and dance movie but also it contains the genre of romance and comedy. The author points out that the musical aspect of the film combines backstage and integrated styles; the fifteen song and dance routines are based on different themes throughout the film, which provides built-in unity through its structure of repetition and variation. The paper relates that the romantic aspect of the film helps to create drama in the plot, carry the plot along and create empathy for Kathy's character; the comedic aspect of the film helps bring it together productively.
From the Paper "Another ideology of the film was dignity. Don repeats his famous line, "Dignity, always dignity" as he tells the story of how he maintained his esteem when working his way to the top. Kathy strives to maintain her dignity when she does the singing for Lina because she isn't getting credit for her vocal talent as she should be. The studio heads keep Lina from speaking in public without Kathy backing her up because they fear that if the audience hears Lina's real voice she will lose the dignity in her career. Even though Cosmo never became a huge star like Don he still maintains his cheerfulness and dignity and continues to fully support his friend."
Abstract This paper describes the Ghost Dance religion and how it spread to Native American tribes. The paper discusses the history of the Native Americans from the time of Andrew Jackson until the Wounded Knee massacre, and demonstrates how the Native Americans were pushed farther and farther westward, and eventually limited to a very small area. The paper explains how the United States army and government's fear of the Ghost Dance religion led to the Wounded Knee massacre, describing the events of the massacre, and the political issues surrounding the massacre and the Ghost Dance religion.
From the Paper "James Mooney writes in The Ghost-Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890 that the essential part of the teaching of the Ghost Dance is the doctrine that the world is old and worn and the time is near for its renewal (Mooney 661). The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious revivalist movement that spread through the Plains Indians and other ethnic groups during the 1890's and due to a culmination of events is forever linked to the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890 (Ghost pp)."
Abstract This paper begins with an explaination of some of the history of Carnatic or Karnatak music and explores how it has evolved. It provides detailed descriptions of the main instruments and song types. The final section provides short biographies of the three most influential Carnatic composers.
From the Paper "Music, in general, began in primitive times (hundreds of thousands of years ago). People living during this time period were hunter-gatherers and they used music and dance as a way to express emotion. The oldest songs consisted of words sung using a single pitch and gradually evolved to have a few (two or three) notes (Prajnanananda, 1963, p. 83). These ancient people had few instruments. They had flutes and lutes made from wood, bamboo, or bone as well as clay or wooden drums (Prajnanananda, 1963, p. 85). "
This paper critiques and analyzes the plot, the director's use of certain camera angles as well as the depiction of Native American Indians in the 1990 film "Dances with Wolves."
Abstract The writer of this paper details the historical filled plot of the 1990 film "Dances with Wolves." This paper also examines the daily life of the Indians as seen in the film who are depicted as living a peaceful existence with no real threat of attack from the white man. While the film portrays many conventional elements of the western genre, at the same time it obliterates the requisite stereotypes which generally permeate these types of films.
From the Paper "As the film sends us back and forth through time, and switches between the Indians and the searching soldiers, we are able to learn John's story at the exact pace that director and star Kevin Costner wants us to. The beginning of the film immediately shows the soldiers involved in what seems to be a meaningless confrontation that no one is able to resolve until John Dunbar, out of sheer anxiety, sets off the action. The commanding officer at Fort Hayes is the stereotypical power hungry official we've become so accustomed to seeing in westerns and war movies, and it is from this point that we begin to understand just what John Dunbar is facing at Fort Sedgewick."
Abstract This paper discusses the film "Dances With Wolves" in relation to man's inhumanity to man, culture, our attitudes towards other cultures, and the media's portrayal of other cultures through the medium of film.
From the paper:
"The film ?Dances With Wolves? (Costner) looks in detail at the way strangers get to know each other. It is seen from the point of view of John Dunbar, a lieutenant fighting during the American Civil War. We meet the wounded hero in a field hospital just as he is about to have his leg amputated. However, when the doctors leave, he decides to rejoin his regiment, and invites death by riding his horse in a suicidal charge at the enemy lines."
Abstract This paper presents an account of specific elements of Senegal's culture including clothing and fashion, music, dance, film, books, food. The paper presents an overview of Senegal culture and roles of Islam and French colonialism.
From the Paper "This research gives an account of selected attributes of Senegalese culture. The research will cover culture clothing music dance movies books and food with a view toward locating major themes evident in patterns of change and consistency in these categories ..."
Abstract This paper takes a look at Islam's view on dance and music. According to the paper, although there are many groups within Islam that profess that music and dancing are forbidden, it is clear that the Qu'ran itself does not explicitly prohibit these activities. The paper goes on to say that several avenues of worship within Islam have developed into the practice of reaching God through dance or music. The paper focuses specifically on the Quwalli and the Mevelevi Order, also known as The Whirling Dervishes.
From the Paper "More intentionally musical is the Sufic tradition of the Quwalli. Quwali means "word," and can be thought of as the physical and auditory manifestation of the divine voice. As with the Quri, the Quwallis use their voice as a tool of worship, but they move into the world of interpretation and individual expression of the words themselves. They can be likened to the Gospel singers of the Western world in this respect, though this may be a misleading comparison since the Sufi practice, from which the Quwalli find their beginnings and roots, is far more steeped in history and tradition and could be considered a more "serious" endeavor. Quwallis use the music of their voices to worship foremost, and to communicate and encourage their listeners to worship with them is a secondary concern."
Abstract This paper shows how music has been combined with drama and dance throughout history and across cultures. The writers takes Tchaikovsky's western-influenced ballets and compares them to the very dissimilar traditional Japanese Kabuki music. Some similarities are drawn that show how different cultures appreciate and embody the inherent drama in music. The paper includes backgrounds of Tchaikovsky, Japanese Kabuki in an historical setting, as well as full descriptions of the music. The last paragraph compares/contrasts the two, while drawing overarching conclusions about the universality of music.
From the Paper "Since its birth, music has never been segregated out as "pure music" as the modern term now implies, with no implications attached to the sounds themselves. More often than not, there is always some sort of abstract connection made to the music, whether it is an evocation of a program, a tool for communication, a symbol of power, or a means of connecting with the spirit or the supernatural. Often, music will be used to tell a story, because of its ability to create atmosphere, manipulate moods, and even imitate concrete sounds. This ability leads to the creation of music in many categories?namely music with drama, and programmatic music. Drama and music have been combined since ancient times, in the form of accompaniment or incidental music to theatrical works, or as in Western Europe, operas and ballets. Wagner himself termed his operas "music dramas", but his was definitely not the first, nor the last great marriage of the two arts. For instance, since before the seventeenth century in Japan, an art combining music, acting and dance called Kabuki has flourished. Kabuki stems from other Japanese forms called Noh and Bunraku, but whereas these two forms combine music and drama of sorts, Kabuki is by far the most lavish, and is a combination of these other two forms. Besides exhibiting far greater orchestral forces, there is also a strong emphasis on the dance. Likewise, across the continent at about the same time an art of schooled dance began in the courts in France, culminating to what we now know as ballet. Ballet itself was often found in segments of operas, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth century it became fashionable to create full-length story ballets, consisting of purely music and dancers telling a story. A prime example of the apotheosis of the ballet genre would be Tchaikovsky's popular ballets, Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker. Thus, the idea of music supporting dramatic action can be evidenced in both Japanese Kabuki, and Tchaikovsky's ballets, although both display as many striking differences as similarities."
Abstract The paper is an in-depth study of the history of hip hop dance, from before and after the 1970s, and its effects on society. It explores how this type of dance is unlike other dance forms and the elements that make it up. There are no fixed forms to dance, but only styles. The rest is up to the dancer. It is a style of dance for all society giving the freedom to all to dance according to their desires. The paper also shows how hip hop is very much an American product. The hip hop trend enables the path for several dancers, and at the same time it also fosters and promotes more suggestive dance moves. The paper provides clear indications of the effects on culture; some hip hop is racist in theme, while others are sexist. Many hip hop musicians concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. The conclusion is that hip hop is more than just music. It is becoming the soul of pop culture as never before, and steadily moving from the street corners and music videos towards usage in the fitness centers, dance studios as well as television shows.
From the Paper "Hip hop may be viewed as a culture and is often used to refer to commercial rap music, but hip-hop is not only music. It is loved by the American ghetto youth who claim that it is their method of self-expression and use hip hop to rise over their physical situations. The culture of hip hop has its roots based on truth, self-determination, courage and pride. This is the reason why it has grown to have its impact on almost every part of the world. (Hip-hop History) Some hip hop is racist in their themes, while others are sexist. At the same time, there are also many hip hop musicians who concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. From its early days in the US, the music is being played in projects and some underground clubs, but, now it has achieved a profile that has led to include it in the 1992 presidential debates over Sister Soljah. In the 20th Century Fox movie, Bulworth, there is Warren Beatty playing a Senator who berates his opponents using rap. Hip hop, it would seem, has become a part of our lives. (Classified Hip-Hop or I wanna blow up like Marilyn Monroe's skirt) At the same time, hip hop is not only music. This form of dancing has become very popular and this is clear from the opinions of some experts. "There's a definite surge in the white neighborhood that wouldn't necessarily be exposed to hip-hop in their everyday life," says Keith Pinto, who is an MC and hip-hop dance teacher at the Dance Attack in Los Gatos, California. "They watch MTV, see other kids doing it and want to be a part of it. You can pretty much go to any dance studio in the Bay area and they'll have a hip-hop class." (Hip-hop dance fever)"
Abstract This qualitative study seeks to examine the hip-hop dance form ethnologically and from the anthropological view, through administration of a survey/questionnaire and a review of peer-reviewed literature. This study finds that hip-hop is interwoven throughout the very fabric of modern media, music and art and is an integral expression in societal interaction and expression. Hip-hop is modern and yet primitive and will be around for many years to come.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Research Questions
Research Instruments
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper "The respondents to the data collection instrument (survey-questionnaire) were asked what was it that influenced them in listening to hip-hop music. The answers given were affirmations that imitation in society is alive and well in the present day. Because the hip-hop radio stations were readily available, the respondents state that this exposure was key in their music influences at an early age. When asked what influenced the respondents in their preference of the hip-hop dance form the answers given in unison stating that MTV was an influence and stating that imitation was the beginning of this dance form adoption by the respondents."
Abstract This paper reviews the novel "Blue Winds Dancing" by Tom Whitecloud, about a young Native American man struggling to decide if he belongs in the white world or the Indian one. The paper describes the cultural conflicts the main character encounters when he leaves his reservation to attend university, and the impact of those conflicts on his journey to find his true voice. While about a particular person from a specific tribe, the novel's theme of identity struggle is universal -- a point which earns Whitecloud high praise from the author of this paper.
From the Paper "There are important conflicts within "Blue Winds Dancing that come about as a consequence of culture. The narrator of the story is struggling to find where he belongs and who he really is, a basic pursuit in any persons life. He also goes in search of wisdom, an inner wisdom that all people must search for in their lives to give it meaning. He journeys from his home in Wisconsin to attend a college that is predominantly attended by white people. We, the readers, travel deeply into the inner mind, thoughts and emotions of this young man's strife."
Abstract This paper explains that many dance traditions have originated in India and Indonesia, such as the Bharata Natyam from South India, which had an important historical and cultural influence on the history of India. The author points out that important elements of Hinduism, particularly the figure Nataraja, a form of Shiva, are expressed in Bharata Natyam. The paper relates that this dance, as well as many other religious dances, demonstrate the integral relationship between religious dances and the religious themes that inspire them.
From the Paper "Many dance traditions have originated in India and Indonesia, such as the Bharata Natyam from South India, which had an important historical and cultural influence on the history of India. Important elements of Hinduism, particularly the figure Nataraja, a form of Shiva, are expressed in Bharata Natyam. This dance, as well as many other religious dances, demonstrates the integral relationship between religious dances and the religious themes that inspire them. In terms of specific details of Bharata Natyam, it emerged in southern India and developed over the centuries as a living tradition as generation after generation handed it down from parents to children, and gained ascendancy when the Devadasi system emerged in India."
Abstract This paper looks at the life of Isadora Duncan, a pioneer in modern dance. It discusses her early life, personal life and education. The paper then addresses how her dance style was influenced by various elements such as Greek influence and American culture. It looks at Duncan's education and how this impacted her art. The paper concludes with the status of Duncan's dance style today and the existance of the Isadora Duncan Dance Ensemble.
From the Paper "Isadora Duncan is recognized as one of the pioneers of modern dance as it is known today. Since childhood she had loved poetry, beauty and rhythm. She had a large amount of practical common sense juxtaposed with a dreaming quality, inherited from her father. As her childhood was marked by poverty, Duncan hated reality, and was a rebel (Dickson, 2001). This was all worsened by her parents? divorce and her mother's insistence that her father was practically subhuman. Furthermore Isadora's mother disavowed their faith and accepted atheism. The child's confusion was heightened by the fact that when she met her father, he was a charming, lovable man. This resulted in the fact that Isadora never lost her contempt for the institution of marriage as she had grown up with it."
Abstract The ?Sound of Music? is considered by many to be one of the most successful musicals of all time. This paper provides a textual and contextual critique of this musicalfilm. It determines why the film is considered to be a musical, what iconography or thematic elements tie the film to the musical genre, as well as how the film's use of genre reflects the time it was made. The contemporary issues or concerns which are embedded in the film are also identified in the critique.
From the Paper "The Sound of Music is based on the book "The Story of the Trapp Family Singers" as told by Maria von Trapp. While Maria was waiting for a forgotten instrument at a concert, she kept the audience entertained by telling stories about her large, adventurous family. A gentleman backstage approached her, suggesting she write a book about her family. After Maria stated she ?preferred telling the stories, he offered to write the book for her (http://www.foxhome.com/soundofmusic/som.html)?."
