Abstract The paper begins with a review of the history and development of the internet. This review deals with the technological development of the internet, as opposed to the applications of the technology. In the second section, the internet is reviewed as an industry. The essential structure of the industry, the functioning of electronic commerce (e-commerce) within this structure, and variations in the Internet industry among global regions and countries are covered. The following section looks at information on and analysis of the region itself and the internet industry in Latin America. Information on and analysis of those internet companies already active in the Latin American internet industry are found in presentations in this following section. In the next section, data relevant to firms participating in 2000 in the internet industry in Latin America are presented. Firms are discussed within the context of their industry participation: (1) ISPs and horizontal portals, (2) vertical portals, and (3) e-commerce firms. The major emphasis, however, is placed on the ISPs and horizontal portals group, as it is this group within which most of the publicly traded internet industry companies in Latin America are to be found.
Introduction to the Report
Report Contents
Introduction to the Internet
Section Preview
History of the Internet
Development of the Internet
Section Notes
The Global Internet Industry Section Preview
The Structure of the Industry .
E-Commerce
Industry Variations by Global Region
Section Notes
The Latin American Internet Industry Section Preview
Development of the Industry Issues Relevant to Future Growth Industry Variations by Country
Section Notes
Players in the Latin American Industry Section Preview
ISPs and Horizontal Portals
Vertical Portals
E-Commerce Firms
Section Notes
Bibliography
From the Paper "This report is designed to provide the investor considering entry into the Internet industry in Latin America with the information needed to make an informed decision on the issue. To provide a logical flow of information to support an integrated assessment process by an investor, this report is structured in major sections, each of which provides information relevant to the investment decision in a sequence that leads from a basic familiarity with the Internet and the Internet industry to an in-depth review of the major players in the Internet industry in Latin America. To facilitate an investor's review and analysis of the information provided in this report, major sections and their sub-sections are identified both textually and numerically in the Report Contents page which follows this Introduction to the Report. Sources of information presented in this report are identified through the use of a notation system. For the convenience of the reader of the report, notes are located at the end of each major section of the report and are identified as Section Notes. A Bibliography of all sources cited in the report is presented at the end of the report."
This paper provides a qualitative evaluation of the first quarter 2006 U.S. economic performance and a forecast for the future performance of the funeral service industry.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that according to U.S. government economists, the U.S. economy was adversely affected by a sharp increase in energy prices in mid-2005; however, these prices had fallen to their earlier levels by the end of the year. Furthermore, the writer notes that the impact of Hurricane Katrina continued to be felt in those regions of the country most severely affected, but government economists report that this event had little influence overall on the nation's GDP growth at the beginning of 2006. The writer points out that the funeral service industry is enjoying major growth today, and these trends are expected to continue in the future. Further, the writer maintains that shifts in the demographic composition of the U.S. will clearly have a pronounced effect on the funeral service industry, just as it will on allied healthcare services.
Outline:
Qualitative Evaluation of First Quarter 2006 U.S. Economic Performance
Forecast for the Future Performance of the Funeral Service Industry
From the Paper "Although the housing industry experienced mixed growth, but overall this industry appears to be on a downward trend following several years of robust growth; by contrast, business was expected to reap the increasing benefits from costs of scale production and innovation in telecommunications and computer-based applications. According to the Fed's Open Market Committee meeting minutes, outlays for equipment and software had regained their strength by early 2006, and capital spending continued to be healthy with the business sector's output expanding significantly."
"During this same period, many firms enjoyed large cash surpluses as well as price declines for high-tech equipment that has caused decreases in user costs. Likewise, in his remarks at the Greenlining Institute's Thirteenth Annual Economic Development Summit at Los Angeles, California on April 20, 2006, Federal Reserve Board Chairman Ben S. Bernanke reported that while the nation's economic performance can be discerned through both qualitative and quantitative indicators; however, the chairman also emphasizes the need to extend this analysis to the social and economic data at the community level."
Abstract The writer of this paper discusses the basic tools needed for the economic development of poor and underprivileged countries which include: Capital accumulation, industrialization, foreign aid and development planning. This paper focuses on the years after WWII and up to the 1960s and the economic problems facing poor and under-developed countries. After WWII these countries could not rely on international trade. The less developed countries needed substantial capital and resources to start the industrialization process which would result in more jobs and an increase in productivity which in turn would increase the income of the working class citizen. The writer of this paper discusses the methods and strategies that were utilized to increase productivity in various Latin-American countries. This paper also touches on the World Bank's involvement in assisting these same countries while committing to end poverty and social injustice.
Outline:
Theories of Growth and Modernization
Structuralist Theories
Critique of the Growth and Modernization Models
A Shift to Basic Needs Approach
Bibliography
From the Paper "The Latin American experience with import substitution together with the fact that a large segment of the population did not get sizable benefits from the growth in the modern industrial sector and the limitation imposed by the domestic market led structuralists to adjust their approach beginning in the 1980's. Among the adjustments were: emphasis on developing the entrepreneurial class to lead in the export thrust without abandoning their basic proposition that development must come from within; redefine the role of the state by deemphasizing control-centered interventions in favor of a more facilitating kind."
Tags: business, import, export, financial, aid, world, bank, growth, industrialization, capital, theory
A look at the questionably bleak future for the cruise line industry following the September 11th attacks, in context of the tourism industry as a whole.
Abstract This paper claims that while the immediate future looks not too promising for this industry, the long term looks good. Three main reasons for this statement are given. First, the cruise line industry has been a leader in the steady growth being experienced by the entire travel segment for the last ten years. Second, the industry is seeing expanding markets in Europe and new markets emerging in Asia. The third reason to expect long term growth is that the cruise lines are now offering their customers a wider variety packages at different lengths and price ranges. This has helped them to expand their market into lower income level clients. An overview of the market is provided.
From the Paper "The key strengths of the cruise line industry are its high desirability among consumers. Cruises appeal to the American public's sense of adventure. The second strength is that cruise lines have shown a great ability to adapt their product to meet popular social trends and expand into untapped markets. The recent trend to offer a wider variety of entertainments and the recent popularity of "Theme Cruises" has been a valuable asset. The offering of various priced cruises is also evidence of the industry's ability to adapt and as a result expand their market. The expansion into foreign market is further evidence of this strength. The cruise line industry has demonstrated the ability to not only identify new markets, but to capture them as well. A third strength is that the cruise line industry operates at 100% capacity (Farley, 2000). In order to expand their market cruise lines need only to build more ships. "
Tags: 911, ship, tourist, cruise, industry, holiday, investment, market, entertainment
Abstract This business management report assesses the impact of external and internal factors on the Singapore industry and evaluates the Singapore industry-sector response. The paper focuses on manufacturing and cites Singapore's competition in Southeast Asia. The paper lists which industries make up the manufacturing sector, and states that there is continuous growth in this area. The paper then identifies where innovation and improvement is necessary in manufacturing. Charts and tables are used to illustrate this point. The paper also highlights some of the initiatives taken in manufacturing to keep Singapore competitive, and the impact of foreign equity investment. The paper concludes by stating that the government of Singapore has made many necessary changes and transitions toward positioning the country for economic growth.
Outline:
Introduction
Singapore's Manufacturing Sector (2006)
Innovation Needed in Singapore's Manufacturing Industry Weaknesses Identified in Singapore's Manufacturing Sector
Innovation Is 'Key' In Singapore Manufacturing Segments
Singapore - Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Summary
Figure 1 - Percentage of Investors with a More Positive Outlook
Figure 2 - External Trade & Manufacturing - Singapore - November 2006
Figure 3 - International Comparison: Innovating Enterprises in Manufacturing Sector (Percentage of Total Number of Enterprises)
Figure 4 - Principal Statistics of Manufacturing - Singapore
Figure 5 - Components of Foreign Equity Investment (Stock at Year-End) 2003 and 2004
Figure 6 - Components of FDI (Stock at Year-End)
Figure 7 - Percentage Share 2003 and 2004
Figure 8 - Singapore - FDI by Region
From the Paper "The work entitled: "The Pattern of Innovation in Singapore's Manufacturing Sector" published in January 2003 reports a study of Singapore's manufacturing sector through use of the results of the first national innovation system (NIS) survey. the study reports that Singapore "has a long way to go in its development of an innovation-based economy" but that progression "has been made, with companies making visible efforts to engage in innovation activities." This is important because as stated by the report "innovation activity" has been found to be "positively related to sales volume, sales, growth, employment growth and internationalization." (Ibid) "
Abstract This paper explains that the travel and tourism industry, one of the largest global industries, has experienced continuing growth in spite of terrorism which has hammered the aviation industry but not the travel and tourism industry. The author points out that that the factors associated with the emergence and promotion of travel and tourism are based on increased productivity, the psychological mobility typically associated with broadened horizons, and improvements in transportation and communications facilities. The paper stresses that the gap theories, such as dissonance and importance-performance that seek to explain how tourists first experience certain expectations concerning their travels and then relate these expectations to the reality of their experiences, may provide researchers with the most valuable insights into how and why people will seek out a destination in the first place and why they will either return there or not.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Background and Overview
Expectancy Disconfirmation Paradigm (EDP)
Comparison Theory
Value-Precept Theory
Importance-Performance
Equity Theory
The Dissonance Theory
Contrast Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper "The reasons people travel are as limitless as the number of people involved, but there is a sufficient amount of commonality in their behaviors and rationale to develop some generalities concerning recreation behaviors. The explosive growth of tourism after World War II has clearly been dramatic; this growth has been largely the result of higher discretionary incomes, smaller family size, changing demographics, lower transportation costs, improved public health standards, infrastructure development, and until recently, more hospitable environments for tourists in many destinations, especially long-distance travel and tourism. There is also a clear "build it and they will come" quality to travel and tourism; before the advent of modern transportation systems, only the truly hearty and fearless might seek to explore new horizons in foreign countries. Today, though, things are much different, of course, and virtually any destination in the world in only a few hours away by air."
This paper is a general overview of the satellite radio industry, which uses satellites to beam exclusive, high-quality ad-free digital programming coast-to-coast. There is also a comparison of Sirius and XM Satellite Radio, the only two companies.
Abstract This paper relates that the satellite radio industry is in the very early stages with a predicted long, multi-year global growth curve. The author points out that Sirius has set the tone for the industry, being the first to offer commercial free programming on all its music channels and has larger selection of receivers, adapters and other products. XM has a cheaper subscription fee, at least for its basic plan, which offers much the same fare as its competitor. The paper concludes that Sirius and XM Satellite Radio companies have individual benefits, which will ensure their longevity in the satellite radio industry, and the companies are on a level playing field
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Satellite Radio
Overview of Sirius Satellite Radio
Overview of XM Satellite Radio
Comparative Analysis of Sirius and XM Satellite Radio
From the Paper "Just as many TV viewers have come to consider cable TV a life necessity, so too is satellite radio becoming a mainstream replacement for traditional AM/FM listening. Similar to cable, this service has to be paid for, but just as with cable, you get a lot more channels and edgier, more innovative programming. An additional benefit is that there is no loss of your favorite station as you travel across the state or country. As an added plus, satellite players show the artist and name of the song, which is definitely an incentive for those who like to know what they're listening to."
Abstract This well-researched paper examines the oil industry, which currently produces and supplies the world's number one energy source. This paper delves into the high swings in terms of price when there are shortages or excesses in supply, which are determined by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). This paper details the 7 companies that control the oil market throughout the world which include 5 U.S. companies. This paper analyzes the importance of OPEC and its negotiation tactics with the various oil companies regarding petroleum production, prices and future rights of concession of the oil companies in the different countries. The writer of this paper details the history of the oil industry by discussing various events such as the 1973 oil embargo and the events that took place in the 1960s in which the U.S. and Europe restricted the import of oil from Russia. This paper details how world events, primarily those in the middle east, affect the price of oil. The writer explores China and India's demand for oil and how it affects global inflation in general. The government of India is now trying to reduce the prices of oil based items over the immediate future so that inflation can be reduced from the current 8% a year. This in-depth paper also analyzes the effects of America's economy on the world's oil prices.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
International Oil Regime
Major Producers
OPEC
Wars and Inflation
Oil Embargo
1973 October War
Inflation
Economic Growth Asian Giants: India and China
Increased Demand for Oil by Both Nations
Increased Prices Equal Less Economic Growth Stagflation
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "It is seen that China is one of the fastest growing nations in economic terms and that has taken up the consumption of oil by the country from 2 million tons a year to over 10 million tons now. Even in last year, the growth is over 35 percent and according to analysis of ban credits, it is estimated that Chin will account for over 40 percent of the growth in oil demand. There is also a large increase in demand for oil in United States and this is boosting oil demand internationally. The demand for imports has now reached the limit of supply at about 80 million barrels a day, as already mentioned earlier. At the same time, there are doubts as to whether the massive imports by China are real annual demand or are for building up strategic stocks. According to JP Morgan, the stocks with china are now about 285 million barrels, and even as per statements from China, there is a stockpile being built which will be completed by the end of this year."
An examination of the trends and implications of third world militarization and arms procurement process to find the factors that shape its growth and development.
5,380 words (approx. 21.5 pages), 16 sources, 1999, $ 132.95
Abstract This paper discusses the implications of third world military industrialization. Section one is an introduction to the topic, which among others states that it: "would be useful to examine the trends and implications of Third World militarization and arms procurement process to find the factors that shape its growth and development. Section two is devoted to an explanation of what these authors have hypothesized on the subject of third world militarization and its implications: Rodney Jones and Steven Hildreth, James Katz, Edward Kolodziej and Robert Harkavy, Miles Wolpin, and Ross Peterson. Section three describes the key variables that the writers selected authors have used as well as those that the writer would use in his own hypothesis. Section four addresses questions such as, "In view of your operationalizations, how should you test the validity of the hypotheses"? Section five is a short summation and explanation of how one would recognize whether or not the statistical results from the hypothesis were proved, or disproved. Along with this there is discussion of potential statistical findings in terms of specified parameters, and future directions of this research project.
Abstract This paper discusses how there are several anthropological changes that take place in order to prepare the way for an Industrial Revolution and how they were seen in both Europe and the United States. It looks at how agricultural society is seen to precede industrial society and how changes required for industrialization include agricultural revolution, an increase in population, urbanization and economic growth. It analyzes how these three stages include a preliminary phase, comprising of more or less a century and how during this time economic, technical, social, political conditions are prepared to become favorable for a manufacturing rather than an agricultural economy. The second phase focuses on economic prosperity and the third stage is a period of industrial expansion during which existing manufacturing techniques are perfected and still more techniques are developed. It applies these theories to the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. and Europe during the eighteenth century.
From the Paper "Technical changes during this time include the seed drill and the horse shoe. The seed drill provides a means of planting seeds deeper in the ground, away from wind and birds. This allows more growth and thus a greater crop and more profit. This of course influences the economy favorably. Robert Blakewell brings about another profitable change in terms of systematic stock breeding. Blakewell moves the traditional focus away from wool (sheep) and strength (cattle) in favor of breeding for food. Inbreeding practices are promoted in this regard. Furthermore Blakewell's success with sheep results in sheep shearing gatherings in which not only England, but also Europe, took part. This also has an influence on economic growth as a result of increased tourism. The Agricultural Revolution culminates in the Board of Agriculture, established in 1793, with Arthur Young as the secretary."
Tags: agriculture, technology, economy, urbanization, industry
Abstract This work evaluates the cruise industry, specifically the Carnival Cruise, Norwegian Cruise and Royal Caribbean companies. The evaluation uses Porter's Five Forces model to explore competition in the industry, the bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of consumers. It also addresses whether the industry has substitute products and if there are new entrants into the industry. This work additionally answers the question of 'how intense is the rivalry' and whether there is a forecasting method that can be used to predict where the industry is going.
Outline:
Introduction
Porter's Five Force Analysis
Porter's Five Force Analysis Summary
Bibliography
Includes charts and graphs
Figure 1 - Forecasted Value Worldwide per Segment, Hotels, Resorts and Cruise Lines (in billion dollars) 2003-2008
Figure 2
Average Growth Rate 1980 - 2004
Figure 3
Passengers Percentage Change 1974 -2004
Figure 5 Cruise Ship Order Book as of January 1, 2004
From the Paper "In an April 27, 2006 report entitled: "Cabin Fever - Smooth Times Ahead for the Cruise Industry" John Zamora writes that: "...there's plenty of room for growth in the cruise industry. Currently the number of tourists worldwide who book cruise vacations stands at around 13.4 million, representing about 1.8% of the total world travel market, as estimated by the World Tourism Organization." (2006) Zamora also writes that: "Far from being disappointed at this current level of market share, the industry fully recognizes the opportunities ahead as operators expand into new types of cruises (including the niche budget option); set their targets on different demographic groups; and, head for new waters." (2006) In a November 14, 2005 report entitled: "Which Way is the Travel Industry Headed?" it is stated that a Senior Analyst at eMarketer and author of the Online Travel Worldwide report, Jeffery Grau states: Without question, the Internet has shake up the status quo in the travel industry...Traditional travel agencies are struggling to stay relevant, online travel agencies are trying to instill loyalty among their customers,. travel search engines are the new upstarts, travel suppliers are flexing their muscles and global distributions systems are looking for way to recover their waning influence." (2005) In a report entitled: "Cruise Line Industry: Trends Opportunities for Canadian Exporters 2005" reported is a case study in which the researchers conducted interviews with 21 cruise line purchasers, chandlers, distributors and brokers findings stated in the report include the facts for Worldwide per Segment Forecasts including the cruise lines shown on the chart in Figure 1."
Abstract This paper deals with the rise of industrial America in the last half of the nineteenth century. The author discusses factors that contributed to the growth of industry, philosophical ideals the dominated the actions of the industrialists of the era, and the individuals who were responsible for organizing the booming industries.
From the Paper "The Industrial Revolution is one of the few events in American history that has completely revolutionized the very fundamentals of itself and so greatly changed the way American people live and function. Almost overnight, America became a much more complicated nation. It was essentially transformed from a primarily agrarian society to the world's foremost industrial empire in less than a half-century. The rise of industrialization in America can be roughly attributed to specific people, inventions, and new philosophies. The rapid changes of industrialization had both positive and negative connotations for the geopolitical environment of the world and for the people of America."
Abstract Quite a bit of fuss has been made about the great British industrial retardation debate. To this day, we are not precisely sure what the most important issues of this debate are. Some commentators claim that Britain simply entered a stage of slower natural growth after 1870. This paper will look at the so-called period of industrial retardation in Britain that began circa 1870. The primary objective is to evaluate what exactly happened and whether or not it is worthy of its title. Was industrial retardation characteristic of the whole period, or was it sporadic and limited to certain years? This is but one of many questions that will guide the paper towards its conclusion.
Abstract This research paper examines and analyzes whether United Nations peacekeeping is a growthindustry or a dead end. The past history of U.N. peacekeeping is discussed, as are current attitudes towards the policy. The paper concludes that U.N. peacekeeping efforts are likely to continue because no other practical alternatives are available, but that reforms of the present U..N peacekeeping system are needed.
Abstract In this paper, the writer discusses that during the 19th century, the application of science to inventions started the Industrial Revolution, the mass production of material goods by machines. The writer notes that although population growth had reached new highs, the first step in this revolution happened in mid-eighteenth-century England, with the development of the steam engine and machines for spinning and weaving textiles. The writer maintains that industrialism was the reason for the West's economic and military dominance over the rest of the world. The writer points out that the industrial revolution was created by the discoveries of modern metals, creating machines and techniques to find and transport the fuel to produce goods. However, the writer notes that the needs of the masses who worked in the resulting factories grew faster than their purses. The writer concludes that after the industrial boom had passed, they were left without jobs to deal with their sociological problems and with very little help or sympathy from the classes above them, who had started the factories and swept up the profits from their enterprises.
From the Paper "Wealthy entrepreneurs and corporations were able to create great structures in the major cities. In 1856 Henry Bessemer (British) perfected the process for producing inexpensive steel; and the next year E.G. Otis (American) installed the first safety elevator. From 1773, cast iron provided strength without bulk and provided architects to span broader widths and raise structures to greater heights than traditional stone buildings. John Nash used cast iron in 1815 for the Brighton Pavilion. The first cast-iron suspension bridge began to be constructed in 1836, but not until mid-century was iron used as skeletal support for mills, warehouses and railroad stations. Joseph Paxton built Paxton's Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of London in 1851 of glass and steel in only nine months. It was a prefabricated structure, and after the exhibition was moved to a new site. It burned down in 1930. The Eiffel Tower was also built as a novelty, but became an emblem of modernism. Designed as a viewing tower by Gustave Eiffel for the Paris World Exhibition of 1889, it is a 1,064-foot-high cast iron skeleton equipped with elevators."
