Abstract This paper explores the extraordinary talent and popularity of golfer TigerWoods. The paper provides a biography of Woods and his father's guidance throughout his entire life. It discusses other great African-American sports stars who broke ground with the "country club" sports, like tennis player Arthur Ash. The paper describes how great talent can break cultural boundaries like no other political vehicle.
From the Paper "Golf has long been a maligned sport in American popular culture, most famously by Mark Twain as a nice long walk spoiled by a small white ball. Although it is a popular game in terms of people who participate in it, it is hardly what one might call a "cool" game like basketball. Basketball is a sport whose cache and celebrities may be considered to have kept the brand of Nike alive and well for decades.
Nor is golf a venerated game like baseball (as witnessed in the success of such spiritually conscientious films as "Field of Dreams" and ?The Natural,? in contrast to ?Caddyshack.?) Golf is not a culturally significant sport as football has been in the American psyche, with the focus the Super Bowl has had as a national event and pastime. Golf has not been the center of controversy for the violence or the practices of golfers in the national media. Golf has long been thought of as the game of the "leisure village" set, or overfed and overpaid white, male executives. On a symbolic level, nothing could be less cool or more reactionary than golf, so the thinking went.
That is, until Tiger Woods came upon the scene. Tiger Woods has given the game of gold a "coolness" that was lacking. "Until the last few years with Tiger Woods on the PGA Tour spiking ratings, the ratings haven"t been relevant to golf,? commissioner Tim Finchem said last week in defending declining ratings on the Senior Tour. Now, Woods often helps golf draw a larger TV audience than the NBA. (Ferguson MSNBC.Com) "
Abstract Discusses PGA of America, owner of the PGA Tour. Effect of TigerWoods' participation in the tour on PGA financial operations, position and growth. Public appeal of the PGA Tour. Impact on the m arketplace. Conflict between Woods and PGA over marketing rights. Cites revenues since Woods joined tour & his popularity. 1 Chart.
From the Paper "The Economic Impact of Tiger Woods on the PGA Tour
Introduction
This research assesses the economic impact of Tiger Woods on the PGA Tour. The PGA Tour is a separate entity from the PGA (Professional Golfers Association). The PGA Tour is the public operational name of PGA of America.
Measuring the Economic Impact of Tiger Woods' Participation in the PGA Tour on the PGA Tour's Financial Operations PGA of America, operator of PGA Tour, was founded in 1968, when professional golfers separated from the PGA, which is dominated by golf professionals. Members of the PGA Tour are golfers who play in the tournaments. The formation of the PGA Tour occurred when the PGA Tournament Division broke away from the PGA ("PGA, PGA Tour Not the Same," 2001)."
A discussion on some of the the achievements of well known Black Americans, such as Oprah Winfrey, TigerWoods and Bill Cosby and the way in which they have become role models for other black Americans.
Abstract The following paper examines how a number of black Americans lived through tumultuous times and faced brutal racism, however despite the hardships they all went through they are success stories. The writer focuses on their history, how some came out of impoverished backgrounds and others from modest income families. This paper briefly looks at the successes and failures of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Oprah Winfrey, TigerWoods , Bill Cosby, Sarah King and Michael Jordan, their inner strength of spirit, and the way in which over the years they have transformed themselves as they worked towards making their dreams a reality.
From the Paper "Of course, there was the memory of Martin Luther King. The flamboyant Jesse Jackson was often on news programs. Oprah Winfrey was the one black person who not only gained entry into millions of living rooms but also was welcomed warmly. For years Black Americans gained recognition for their ability in baseball, basketball, football and tennis. But it was Oprah who changed the viewpoints of millions of Americans who identified with the compassionate woman. She not only became a household name, but a woman whom viewers held in high esteem regardless of their race. Her political agenda transcended party lines. She wanted to make a difference for black people, and to make this world a better place. She is respected for her ethical and moral approach to the issues of today. "Her style reached out and connected with what every woman was thinking because she asked the questions and said the things that they understood." (Mair 78) There weren't a lot of black people on Chicago television in 1985, but Oprah's show A.M. Chicago was a big hit."
Abstract An evaluation of the opinions of multi racial Asians living in different countries and a review of the problems they face. Articles by two authors who have addressed the issue according to their own experiences as part of a multiracial community are discussed. These are Lonnae O'Neal Parker's:" White Girl? Cousin Kim Is Passing. But Cousin Lonnae Doesn't Want to Let Her Go" and Remy Gastambide's "Living in Shame". This paper also discusses issues relating to TigerWoods' multiracial identity.
From the Paper "While considering the experiences of Parker, who is a multiracial woman living in the United States; it has been observed that the major problem faced by the multiracial individuals is that of their identity. They are ever confused by the question as to which group they belong to? She shares her experience of how her mother was being questioned about her as to whose child was she and what difficulties she went through during her childhood. She shares the thoughts on how the multiracial families try to escape from their identity in order to get accepted by the society. In this regard, she shares her experience with her cousin who considers herself as a white person just because her skin gives an impression of a white women, eve though she is a multiracial individual like her."
Abstract This paper defines racial minorities, examines the role of race in sports, and discusses racial minorities in golf. In the process the author analyzes various monumental events in golf throughout the last century and concludes with observations about TigerWoods and his affect on golf.
Abstract This paper analyzes Tiger Global and its security for investors. First, the author describes mutual funds in detail. Then the operations of Tiger Global are considered. The author includes an extensive literature review. Finally, he cautions the investor that although Tiger Global has good returns, it is a volatile and risky fund.
List of Tables, Graphs, and Illustrations
Table 1: Tiger's Record
Table 2: Tiger's Growth
Table 3: Tiger's Net Performance.
Table 4: Types of Information Included in Mutual Fund Ads
Table 5: Pricing Related Information Included in Mutual Fund Ads
From the Paper "The purpose of a study such as this one is to show that there are many issues that surround a particular company and a particular industry, and that businesses must be examined in order to determine whether their strategies are appropriate for what they are attempting to do. In other words, is the business in question performing the way it should be performing in order to continue to succeed? The importance of this should not be underestimated, as many individuals that invest money in mutual and other funds cannot afford to lose this money, and are relying on the money for specific and important expenses. It is important that these individual investors understand the risk that they are taking, so that they will not encounter a significant financial problem if the fund that they have invested in does not perform up to expectations."
Abstract This paper reviews the well known poem by Robert Frost titled 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening'. The paper reports that Frost uses a specific situation to make a general comment on the course of life and the obligations faced by the speaker. The paper also discusses the use of iambic tetrameter, creating a lazy feeling that contributes to the idea that the speaker is tired and wants to go to sleep, and it imitates the regularity of the horse's hooves when the carriage is moving.
From the Paper "The horse is here treated as another sentient being, while Nature on a quiet evening is snow and woods. The snow creates a white background that the listener can picture and that thus has a purity that is disturbed by those moving through it. This image might also be seen as another representation of life, as a clean slate that the individual makes of what he can."
Abstract This paper explains that, before World War II, Black athletes were restricted from all professional competition because white athletes' fears of losing to Black athletes was masked by fabrications such as African-Americans were subhuman with their strength coming from their jungle ancestry rather than intelligent and hard work: This myth continues today. The author points out that Black athletes face enormous obstacles when opting for managing, coaching or executive positions in sports. The paper relates that, although some may claim that lower class African-Americans now are more interested in crime than athletics, the exceptional Black athletes, such as TigerWoods and Vanessa Williams, are examples for young Black Americans that there can be much more in their futures than jail cells or graves.
Table of Contents
History
History Makers
Althea Gibson
Jackie Robinson
Jesse Owens
Willie O'Ree
Prominent Contemporary Sports People
Media Portrayal
Current Perceptions and Issues
From the Paper "Denise Meridith (2001) touches upon the same issue in her article featuring Venus Williams. Her behavior, appearance and style of play are seen as threatening by some. Assertiveness and confidence are viewed as "arrogance" in a black woman. And similarly reference is made to her physical strength rather than skill or intelligence resulting in her success. This is media-promoted as somehow not being "feminine" enough. Meridith makes a derogatory remark comparing the skeletal Ally MacBeal to the muscular Williams, saying that it is healthier to strive for muscles than for bones in one's appearance. However, the media promotes thin as beautiful. Also, the sexy Anna Kornikova is not as powerful or successful in her play as the Williams sisters, but the media focusses on her achievements, because she is the epitomy of feminine beauty."
Abstract The paper describes computer simulations of four poaching scenarios. The simulation examines the fate of the Bengal tiger under each of these scenarios. The author surveys the potential problems for the survival of the tiger throughout India, focusing on the Khana N.P. reserve. In the paper, the author investigates the fate of the tigers in the Khana N.P. under the tiger conservation plan scheme, in which poaching is prohibited, and contrasts the findings with the fate of the same population under minimal to no protection at all.
From the Paper "The Indian, or the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris), is one of the most magnificent predators that ever walked our earth. The Historical habitat of this subspecies that ranged throughout India (Damania et al, 2004) is now reduced to isolated patches that many of them contain no more than 30 individuals (Siedensticker et al, 1999), that occupy only 5% of the available habitat (Karanth, 2001). The overall population numbers is estimated at 3,600 individuals, which is only 5% of the population only 100 years ago (IUCN, 2000)."
Abstract This paper examines how the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), otherwise known as the Tamil Tigers, represents one of the most imbedded terrorist organizations in the world and how it is recognized as a terrorist organization by India, Malaysia, USA, Canada, UK and Australia. Protecting against the terrorist activities of the LTTE presents many challenges to the FBI and other organizations that are committed to protecting the interests of the United States. The paper examines the profile of the LTTE and supports the thesis that the Tamil Tigers are unlike a typical terrorist group, but rather an organized foreign government and how treating the LTTE as a government entity represents the most effective strategy for countering terrorist measures by this group.
From the Paper "The organization of the Tamil Tigers supports the thesis that this group is a foreign government, regardless of whether Sri Lanka recognizes it as such or not. The LTTE considers itself to be a separate government entity and its level of organization supports its claims. One of the key factors to strength and influence of this group is the organizational structure. The organizational structure of the LTTE differs from that of other terrorist organizations. Most terrorist organizations can be classified as either military or political. Political groups tend to have a strong sense of purpose, yet may lack the military structure to carry out their objectives. Military organizations may have an established hierarchical structure and central leadership. However, they may not be as clearly focused on the key objective. "
Abstract This paper discusses the foreign-language film, "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon," directed by Ang Lee. The paper attempts to provide insight into the impact on Western viewers regarding views on Chinese culture by discussing the themes in this film. It describes some of the positive and negative reviews of the film. The paper concludes that the main concern about the movie "Crouching Tiger," especially by the Chinese viewers and critics, is that it does not portray China's culture and values, but rather the intercultural viewpoint of the director, Lee.
From the Paper "The differences by the students shows, says Zhu (2002) that someone's tacit knowledge of cultural values can persist and be influential in character judgment. The Western culture highly values individualism and the pursuit of happiness, the Chinese instead values collectivism and morality over individualism. It is considered morally inappropriate for a person's pursuit of happiness to occur at the expense of others. While all subjects praised the women's qualities of independence, strength, and strong will, they have different views of Jen. Most American subjects perceived Jen as a free individual, but most of the Chinese audiences criticized her as overly cunning and morally corrupt from a Confucian point of view. However, most Americans found the character Sulian lackluster, since she hesitates to pursue personal happiness, but most Chinese subjects saw her as a well-rounded character who, unlike Jen, is mature and noble enough to control her feelings."
Abstract Under the microscope, distinctions between coniferous (soft) or non-coniferous (hard) woods can be seen. Soft woods are, as a rule, more simple in construction than hard woods. The writer discovers that this is the reason soft woods are preferable in making paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis of Hard and Soft Woods History of Paper
Modern Paper Production
Recycled Paper
Conclusion
From the Paper "Paper is the dry sheet form of an aqueous deposit of any vegetable fiber. It has been in common use for so long, we often take it for granted. We forget that our trees are being cut down at an alarming rate to produce virgin paper. However, recycling processes are trying to slow this trend. The making of paper has been refined to almost art form; indeed, some people create handmade papers as an art. While it can be made from a variety of vegetable fibers, such as hemp and cotton, trees have long been the main source for the fibers."
Tags: recycling, coniferous, fibers, cotton, trees
Abstract This paper explains that the main cause of pollution resulting from the use of fireplaces and wood burning stoves is produced when the wood does not completely combust, and instead ,releases gases, especially PM10, and particulate matters into the air in the form of smoke. The author points out that PM10 causes major lung damage, which is particularly harmful for young children and the elderly; wood smoke has been shown to be just as hazardous as cigarette smoke, and it should be taken just as seriously. The paper suggests that homeowners can prevent excessive pollution from their wood-burning stoves by starting their fires with a soft wood so that the fire burns quickly, by building a small hot fire, which quickly heats up the chimney and gets a good draft going, and by choosing a hard wood or manufactured logs, which burn longer and cleaner, emitting more heat and less creosote.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nature and Origin of the Problem
History and Current Status
Health Effects
Biological Effects
Standards and Regulations
Management and Remediation
Comparison with Other Heat Sources
Conclusion
From the Paper "Air pollution has a major impact on the environment in California because it affects many things from our health to our property, and ultimately the environment. When the issue of pollution arises, most associate the source of the problem to be large cities with thousands of polluting cars and dirty industries; however, the use of wood burning stoves has become an increasing source of severe air pollution in rural areas. Studies show that, "woodstoves release far more air pollution than heaters using other fuels." Not only does the wood smoke present health hazards for the people living in the area, it also clouds the air and reduces visibility."
Abstract The paper states that symbolism can be a reason to criticize the film or a reason to recognize it as a masterpiece. The authors demonstrates that the major events of "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" are symbolic and believes that this is effective in creating a film with beauty, depth and meaning. The author continues that, because of the extent of the symbolism in the film, the viewers do not have a clear meaning handed to them but instead are challenged to determine their own meaning.
From the Paper "The symbolism as inherent to the film can be a reason to criticize the film or a reason to recognize it as a masterpiece. The film's very nature is symbolic, with the meaning attached not to the events, but to a greater meaning the events represent. The events and the plot of the movie are a surface feature, below this surface the film operates on many levels. This can be a reason to criticize the film, with the audience sometimes being lost to the meaning and confused at what is happening. In some ways, this can make the film seem poorly plotted and the characters poorly defined. However, on another level, it is these same characteristics that make it so powerful. The film is an epic and everything is on a grand, yet unrealistic scale."
Abstract This paper explains that the movie "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" means hiding one's strength from others, a skill mastered by most of the major characters. The author points out that both warriors and bandits were tied to their lifestyles as the very essence of their existence. The paper relates that the movie showed what it was like to live in China in the Qing Dynasty conveying the rich culture and personal conflicts of people in that era.
From the Paper "Jiao Long aspired to learn more than what her master could teach her and hid her skills from her master. Not the way a disciple should act. She reacted to the attack by the bandits by chasing the head bandit Dark Cloud. This is not the way a young noblewoman should act. She later became his lover. Another action unbecoming of a noblewoman. She disdained marriage to another aristocrat and left her groom hanging by taking off. She resisted authority till the end, ending her life by jumping from Wudan Mountain, because it seemed like she was forever searching for more. A conformist, Jiao Long is definitely not."
