Abstract
The paper discusses the intense primitivism of European Romanticism, the melancholy lack of hopefulness about the future and the sense of hopeless alienation. The paper shows how these characteristics were embodied by Frost and Yeats and, in a more positive way, by O'Connor. The paper then points out how Harlem Renaissance poet Hughes' works are different from those of European Romanticists.

From the Paper
"Simply reviewing this listing of the characteristics of the Romantic Movement in English literature demonstrates how the characteristics of the movement and perhaps equally importantly the assumed persona of the Romantic poet might be so attractive to a member of the Harlem Renaissance. First and perhaps foremost, the intense primitivism of Romanticism, which in England manifested itself in an idealization of the pastoral, made a profound claim for the validity of a black man or woman to `speak' even if he or she was not part of the conventional European tradition. In the ``Negro Speaks of Rivers'' like Langston Hughes, the `voice' of the Negro poet assumed by the author, is eternal, and waxes eloquent upon his purer, primitive life and connection to nature that seems to make him, by implication, a more `authentic' American than the American status whites who oppress him: ``I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep./I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it./I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln/went down to New Orleans, and I've seen its muddy/ bosom turn all golden in the sunset.""

Tags:primitivism, melancholy, alienation, Frost, Yeats, Hughes, O'Connor

Abstract
This paper explains that, in Shakespearean comedies, a specific play can have, at the same time, both a happy ending and a cruel ending, as well as a character being both good and evil. The author contends that "Measure for Measure" can be interpreted as one of the happiest and the scariest endings written by Shakespeare, and yet it is classified as a comedy. The paper concludes that, because there is little solid documentation about many of Shakespeare's ideas, it is nearly impossible to comment on how Shakespeare feels about anything in his plays and to determine if a play, which is listed as a "comedy", is really a comedy.

From the Paper
""Much Ado About Nothing" is an extremely humorous play, mostly about lovers and the obstacles it took to get two couples together. In the end of the play, there is not only one proposal for marriage, but two! All begin to dance and the 'happy' ending is reached, however, the villain of the play that caused these great obstacles has not been punished. He is here, at the 'happy' ending brought to the attention of the characters, so merry in their dancing and their future weddings."

Tags:ending, character, happy, documentation, cruel

Abstract
This paper discusses heroes within the context of the interview Bill Moyers did with Joseph Campbell, "The Power of Myth." An antithesis of a hero and a real life hero are given as examples to illustrate Campbell's discourse. The case is made that Rudolph Giuliani is not a hero, but Sandra Samuel is. Furthermore, real life heroes are supported in this paper as being superior to fictional heroes.

From the Paper
"The interview of Joseph Campbell by Bill Moyers, regarding Campbell's work "A Hero's Journey", is an illuminating dialogue between a unique author and a consummate interviewer. Campbell makes the point that following the course of a hero is a natural consequence of the hero's deeds."

Tags:heroes, characteristics, examples

Abstract
This paper, in referring to various Shakespeare's plays, notes that he was very specific in his selection of names for his characters and the connotations that the names have. The paper categorizes the origins of names and gives examples and reasons behind such choices. The paper also notes that to fully appreciate the undertones of the characters' names in a Shakespearean play, knowledge and research into the characters' names would be an advantage.

From the Paper
"According to Kinney, the biggest changes Shakespeare makes in Rosalind from the previous two are in her voice. First in making her more vocal and allowing her to speak in poetic English, and another was in making her alter ego, Ganymede, sound more feminine versus trying to sound masculine. These hardly seem like huge changes at all. An expecting Elizabethan audience would have assumably gotten what they expected out of Shakespeare's Rosalind. Only under close scrutiny and literary criticism do apparent differences surface between the different Rosalinds."

Tags:understanding, cataloging, large, literary, statement, inverse, attributes

Abstract
This paper discusses William Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice". The paper focuses on the character of Antonio, the struggling Christian in play. The paper states that while this play is generally considered to be a comedy, there are many who believe it to be a tragedy. The paper explains that this is due to the anti-Semitic treatments of the character of Shylock. The paper examines the play's conflict between Christianity and Judaism.

From the Paper
"It is generally believed that William Shakespeare wrote The Merchant of Venice in either 1596 or 1597, prior to the great tragedies that he penned later in his career. Although The Merchant of Venice is considered a comedy, some modern readers consider it a borderline tragedy. Many critics believe it to be a tragedy that Shakespeare wrote this play at all because of its anti-Semitic treatments of Shylock. Harold Bloom, for instances, pronounces with his usual verve: "it would have been better had Shakespeare never written this play" (Bloom 190). However, with all the attention that modern scholars have poured into the character of Shylock, the title character Antonio seems to remain in the shadows. This is most unfortunate as Shakespeare inextricably bound Antonio and Shylock in order to have each comment, as it were, on the other. On the surface, Antonio, the 'good Christian,' seems the antithesis of Shylock, the 'evil Jew'; together, the two characters embody the conflict between Christianity and Judaism."

Tags:antonio, shylock, christianity, judaism

Abstract
The paper argues that Shakespeare's heroines were vital and constructive protagonists; they were fully realized, independent, and capable beings. Through the presentation of such examples of females within the framework of the comic, Shakespeare was able to argue for a re-evaluation of gender norms and stereotypes at a safe distance. The writer explains that the comic framework served as a type of buffer, allowing him to castigate his society without coming under attack for doing so because, in the end, he was writing comedy.

From the Paper
"Shakespeare's comedies, possibly due to the unfailing tendency to unfairly contrast them to his tragedies and historical dramas, have never received the critical attention they deserve. His body of comedies, according to Milton Crane, contain some of Shakespeare's most insightful comments regarding human nature and society in addition to some of his most quotable and profound lines (68-69). Nevertheless, and in comparison to the attention given the other Shakespearian works/genres, his comedies have received comparatively scant attention. While Crane forwards explanatory theories, two in particular stand out. According to the first theory, Shakespeare's comedies are underappreciated because they do not subscribe to any set ad established definition of comedy. They rarely elicit laughter and, as Crane contends, are "sensible and serious" even as they are lighthearted (68). What this means is that according to the predominant critical view, as explained by Crane, critics have been unable to truly accept Shakespeare's comedies as comedies because they are not the thoroughly humorous, farcical or satirical works that they tend to categorize comedies as being. Instead, they are, at one and the same time, lighthearted and sensible and, tragic and comic, thereby defying any categorization (68). Consequently, the failure of Shakespearian comedies to fit neatly into predefined conceptions of comedy have enforced their comparison to his other works, with the result being that his comedies end up being dismissed as lightweights within the totality of his works (68-69). It is because of this that Shakespeare's comedies have not received the attention awarded to his other works."

Tags:comic, stereotype, gender

Abstract
This paper discusses how supervisors should have various qualities in order to be effective or increase their effectiveness. The writer explains how these characters will add value to their performance by efficiently managing their teams. It shows how, following these characters of an effective supervisor, new as well as experienced supervisors can improve their performance while improving the productivity of their organization.

From the Paper
"Most of people feel an added prestige being selected for a supervisory position. They have a feeling of progress, additional power within the company, and the increase in salary, that management has recognized their potential capability. Some people look at the supervisor's job as an easy way to make a living. They assume supervisors are commanding authority giving orders and letting others do the hard work. They think the supervisor is sitting behind a desk, chatting, watching other people doing work, attending meetings and conferences, and enjoying special privileges. In fact their job is not so easy as it seems. He may be facing many problems and situations that normal worker may have never seen."

Tags:characteristics, leader, mangement, performance, subordinates, team

Abstract
The paper looks briefly at the history of Greek theater and the introduction of comedy. With the coming of Aristophanes the nature and purpose of the comedies began to change. The writer asserts that despite his personal difficulties, Aristophanes managed to convey very definite attitudes and values in his work.

From the Paper
"His humor was extremely topical, and he provided a way for people to laugh at the trends of the day. Life in Athens during this period was generally serious; public life revolved around major issues and concepts that were being discussed and explored. In the midst of this, Aristophanes served as a moral alarm that would go off when the philosophers or the politicians became so full of themselves and their own importance that they lost a sense of perspective."

Tags:philosophy, Athens, politics, theater

Abstract
This paper examines how Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew" is one of his earlier comedies and deals with the topic of gender roles and obedience. In particular, the paper looks at how the play reaches its climax in the last act, Act V, Scene 2, which concludes with Katherina's soliloquy on obedience.

From the Paper
"But then again, on the other hand, one can ask: Is she really only playing? May it not be that maybe Petruchio has rather humbled than empowered her by wearing her down? Taking the same scene mentioned above, it might as well be argued that after having been held away from food and sleep for days, Kate finally gave up trying to compete Petruchio and took on the subordinate role. She might finally have found her master, someone who is not intimidated by her shrewishness and who is able to lead her. In this case, the last speech has to be seen as a true speech of obedience. "

Tags:obedience, kate, Petruchio

Abstract
In this article, the writer studies the book 'The Joys of Motherhood' by Buchi Emecheta and discusses the issues of sexual desire and gender. The writer explains that the book concerns Nigerian maternity and discusses issues relevant to the status and experience of African women.

From the Paper
"Buchi Emecheta in her novel of Nigerian maternity titled "The Joys of Motherhood" addresses a number of issues relevant to the status and experience of African women living in traditional male-dominated and patriarchal societies. The central character of the novel is Nnu Ego a woman whose position as the daughter of a great Nigerian tribal chief does not prevent her from becoming the victim of physical abuse at the hands of her first husband and even of abandonment by the male ... "

Tags:Buchi Emecheta, The Joys of Motherhood, gender, sexual desire