Abstract
The paper reviews the work of Gottfried Semper and explains his theory known as "The Four Elements of Architecture". The paper discusses the use of textiles in architecture and labels it as a fairly new, but growing, industry in the world market. The paper also examines new textile designs available. The paper relates that today, woven fabrics are being used to construct buildings and highway overpasses since these materials are resilient and resistant to environmental factors.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Textiles in Architecture
Semper's Theories
New Textile Designs
The Future of Textiles in Architecture
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Gottfried Semper was among the most outstanding architects during his day. The work of Egenter (nd) states that Semper "...globally documented one basic paradigm: the fact that fibrous and perishable materials are widely found in art and architecture related to durable materials, mostly as texture ('incrustation' principle) or structurally. When one investigates the similarities that exist between the art of weaving and the pursuit of architecture, one is able to see the concepts as they overlap."

Tags:Semper, material, fabric, weaving, wickerwork, building

Abstract
The paper reviews the development of architecture and modern day architecture's relationship with textiles. The paper examines the predicted future of textiles and maintains that due to the ever-changing ecological factors in the world's erratic environment, the use of textiles will only grow due to their practicality and serviceability in architectural design and construction. The paper stresses that today's modern tensile architectural designs hold great promise in the provision of affordable and attainable shelter for housing and community construction.

Outline:
Objective
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
History of Textiles and Architectural Design and Construction
Review of the Development of Architecture
Modern Day Architecture and Textiles
Review of the Predicted Future of Textiles
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The word textile is derived from a Latin word 'texere' which means simply "to weave". (Meyers, 2001) Spinning and weaving have been done since prehistoric times, the earliest known evidence being from the Bronze Age in about 4500 BC in Egypt." (Meyers, 2001) The spinning wheel was introduced in the fourteenth century in Europe. (Meyers, 2001; paraphrased) The Saxony wheel, is said to be "an improved version" and to have "sped up the production of yarn considerably." (Meyers, 2001) It was the Saxony wheel that brought about the ability for a large enough production of thread to "reliably supply a growing body of weavers" which made the provisions necessary for the conditions required for manufacturing of textile and the textile trade to begin."

Tags:materials, weave, fiber, construction, shelter, wallpaper

Abstract
In this paper the author examines the different types of architecture that are becoming more popular today. He looks at a number of articles and books that have been written about differing architectural styles. The author specifically looks at Indonesian architecture as having been influenced by Islam, India and the Middle East. The paper continues with a look at the number of art museums that have been built in the United States in the past three decades that have prompted critics and historians to devote increasing attention to the museum as a major architectural genre and not just a place to exhibit artifacts. The paper concludes with a story about the new type of architecture where homes are built inside gravel pits. These pits are a result of overgrazed land that was later mined and abandoned. So what would have been wasted land is becoming a new architectural phenomenon in response to the new social ideals in American culture.

From the Paper
"These museums altered the civic environment. While their stylistic origins were for the most part French, they grew out of the great international fairs of the period, which were often conspicuously embellished with buildings designed for the display of art. Much of Steffensen-Bruce's discussion is directed toward the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, "arguably the single most influential event in the history of American fin-de-siecle culture." Not only was its Fine Arts Palace the sole building of the Fair constructed in semi-permanent form (the walls were brick, the exterior covering made of reinforced plaster), the layout of the fairgrounds themselves constituted a major innovation in urban planning that in turn affected the City Beautiful movement--a dual accomplishment instrumental in the development of the American art museum during the last years of the century."

Tags:textiles, culture, monuments, building, art, style, interior, geometry

Abstract
In this article the writer takes a look at the similarities that exist in architectural design and fashion design in today's highly technologically advanced and globalized society. The writer points out that fashion and architectural design have passed through many phases as design technology has furthered the possibilities in design. The writer notes that it is now acknowledged among experts in the field, that architectural and fashion design intersect quite often in today's environment of designing products that are both attractive and that will serve the owner well. This study is of a qualitative nature and collects data in the form of information in these two design fields and then conducts what is an interpretive analysis of the information garnered from this study.

Table of Contents:
Chapter One
Background
Research Design
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Definition of Terms
Chapter Two
The Connection between Fashion and Architecture
Historical Trends in Fashion & Architecture
Impacts of Globalization & Technology on Design
Conclusion
Chapter Three
Discussion of Major Trends & Analysis
Data Collection - A Survey of Modern Designs, Designers, Photos, & Theory
Data Analysis - Criteria: Function versus Image-Statement
An Exploration of a Couple of Modern Japanese Fashion Designers' Work
An Exploration of Hussein Chalayan's Work
Chapter Four
Technology
Importance Of Materials
New Technologies -Quest For New Textiles
How Techno-Textiles Have Increased The Possibilities Of Both Architecture And Fashion
How Do They Work In Practice?
Chapter Five
Conclusion
Is the Interaction Between Fashion And Architecture A Positive Outcome Of Our Modern Life?
Where Do We Go From Here? What Will The Future Of Fashion And Architectural Design Look Like?
Recommendations For Future Research

From the Paper
"Today's architectural design and fashion design work have penetrated each others space. Fabrics are used in fashion design to create texture, color and to bring the design elements together into a whole. Architectural design uses the materials for building in much the same way and for the same purpose as each material, whether in fashion or architectural design creates a different effect on the same design. This research views the clothing of an individual making to shelter and provides a definition of our personal space such as do architectural structures although on a much larger scale. Fashion in clothing has allowed express in society for many millions of years. Generally it is those who have attained status within their cultural grouping that have the power to become trend-setters. Furthermore, color is greatly used as a matter of personal choice. Fashions vary greatly dependent upon age, social class, generation, occupation and geography. Fashion evolves constantly particularly in a capitalist society."

Tags:design, architectural, material, clothing

Abstract
The Neo Classic style of architecture includes the four sub-styles of Federalist, Idealist, Greek Revival, and Rationalist ("Neoclassical Architecture c. 1780-1850") and represents a re-birth of the classical styles of ancient Greece and Rome. Neo Classic architecture is known for its symmetry, tall columns, triangular pediments, and domed roofs ("Neo-Classical Architecture").

From the Paper
Neo-Classic Architecture The Neo Classic style of architecture includes the four sub-styles of Federalist, Idealist, Greek Revival, and Rationalist ("Neoclassical Architecture c. 1780-1850") and represents a re-birth of the classical styles of ancient Greece and Rome. Neo Classic architecture is known for its symmetry, tall columns, triangular pediments, and domed roofs ("Neo-Classical Architecture"). The Federalist style (1783-1815) is represented by a wide variety of architectural elements that include balustrades that preface flat roofs, "moldings of low relief and delicate ornamentation," central entrances,

Tags:neo, classical, architecture

Abstract
This paper compares Gothic architecture and Renaissance architecture, showing the change that came over architecture with the shift from the more massive and decorated style of the Gothic to the cleaner classical lines of the Renaissance, a period which also borrowed from the Moslem style to make new use of the dome, as in religious buildings by Brunelleschi.

From the Paper
"Gothic architecture developed from the Romanesque style and emerged in the twelfth century. It prevailed until the Renaissance beginning in the fifteenth century. Gothic architecture was marked by size and elaborate decorations. However, Gothic architecture was first defined in terms of a change in Romanesque church architecture diagonal ribs were added to the groin-vault, as was first seen at the Abbey Church of St. Denis near Paris (Frankl 1). In part because of its origins, Gothic architecture has long been associated with France and is considered a French style, though in fact, others used it as well. Gothic architecture is probably represented for many people by Notre-Dame de Paris, a facade known from countless stories and other representations as well as for itself. "

Tags:gothic, renaissance, architecture

Abstract
In this article the writer looks at William MacDonald's review of the architectural achievements of classical Rome, 'Architecture of the Roman Empire'. The writer discusses that MacDonald contends that architecture works through a kinesthetic process by which its shapes and surfaces impact our consciousness and serve as devices of physical and mental learning. This essay explores this approach with reference to the Markets of Trajan, the generic structure of Roman baths and the Roman amphitheatres. This analysis argues, with reference to both particular structures and generic styles, that the Romans conceived of their architecture as conveying messages in stone and educating citizens and foreigners alike, in the values and culture of Rome.

From the Paper
"William MacDonald, in his review of the architectural achievements of classical Rome Architecture of the Roman Empire, contends that architecture works through a "kinesthetic" process by which its shapes and surfaces impact our consciousness and serve as devices of physical and mental learning. This essay will explore this approach with reference to the Markets of Trajan, the generic structure of Roman baths, and the Roman amphitheatres."

Tags:rome, architecture, classical

Abstract
The paper discusses Cambodia's ancient temples at Angkor and their remains today. The paper then focuses on the notorious Pol Pot Regime of the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s and their systematic murder of millions of Cambodians. In addition, the paper looks at the strengths of Cambodia's main industries of tourism and textiles.

From the Paper
"Cambodia may be most known for the horrendous Pol Pot Regime of the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s, a period when at least 1.7 million Cambodians were systematically executed by the Regime. However, Cambodia's history goes back centuries, to a land that supported bands of hunter-gatherers who eventually settled in areas and began farming the rich lands. The first major settlement known in the area is Angkor in about the ninth century. Many historians believe the society was closely modeled on Indian society (Tully 7-8). Residents traded goods with China, Europe, and India, and they wrote in Sanskrit and worshipped in the Hindu religion, but there were influences of Buddha, as well (Tully 12-13)."

Tags:temples, architecture, Khmer, Rouge, textiles, tourism

Abstract
This paper explains that Walter Gropius applied classical architectural techniques to design theory, believing that there is no essential difference between the artist and the craftsman. Thereby, he introduced a completely new set of design principles called Bauhaus to art and crafts. The author points out that, though the Bauhaus movement was inspired by Cubism and Minimalism in design, it was still a unique, revolutionary movement. Some of the key features of this movement included less emphasis on detail and more on economic use of space. The paper relates that Bauhaus popularized functional design, a technique that focused specifically on the major functions of everything, including buildings, textiles, tables, and lamps to make them more easily accessible and usable. Color illustrations.

From the Paper
"Bauhaus artists included such prominent names as Mies van der Rohe, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky and Oskar Schlemmer, who are responsible for bringing dramatic changes in the field of art and design. It is commonly believed that every change in design after the Bauhaus movement is inspired by the principles and techniques of this style. It can be rightly called the mother of all design movements in 20th century because till this day, we can see the impact of Bauhaus in the field of arts, architecture and crafts."

Tags:textiles, functional, buildings, crafts, minimalism

Abstract
This paper examines the distinct styles of textiles, folk arts, architecture and music developed in Central Asia, which reflect the diverse values of the different cultures. These art forms have changed over time through cultural syncretism, innovation and revivalism of earlier forms, the author relates. Today textiles and music are the two most common art forms; whereas, in the past, the two most popular were architecture and folk music.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Textiles and Embroidery
Paintings
Architecture
Music
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The music of Turkmenistan is similar to that of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. It too consists primarily of singing a capella, accompanied by a lute; another instrument called the gijak, similar to the cello, is sometimes used. The performers are called bakshy, and are traditionally traveling performers who also function as shamans or traditional healers. The bekshy often perform at special ceremonies such as weddings and babies baptisms. However, the importance of their healing practices has diminished because of the emergence of the Islamic sheikhs' prominence."

Tags:syncretism traditional, tush kyiz, islamic lyricists