Abstract This paper discusses how Rowson intended "Charlotte Temple" to act as a cautionary tale to the young women of the time to show them the devastating consequences of entering into a sexual relationship before marriage. In particular, the paper looks at how, in analyzing the use of misfortune and benevolence throughout the story, particularly in the relation of the story of Charlotte's parents, we see that "Charlotte Temple" exists beyond the genre of a cautionary narrative, also acting as a parable of virtue to inspire its readers to act with generosity and benevolence to those who had fallen on misfortune.
From the Paper "The opening chapter of Charlotte Temple, in which Montraville first encounters and is enamored by the beautiful and innocent Charlotte, serves to establish a basis for the novels primary plot and themes. The second chapter of the book, however, introduces the subtler plots and themes of the story, with the detailed history of Charlotte's parents. The chapter begins by introducing the readers to Charlotte's father, Henry Temple, the younger son of an English Earl with a kind heart and gentle disposition. Possessing a small fortune and an illustrious pedigree, both society and Mr. Temples family expected him to marry into wealth and nobility. However Henry Temple's rejection of his place at the top of the English hierarchy serves to reveal the true content of his character by exemplifying his kindness, virtue, and benevolence. Further illustrating Mr. Temple's altruistic attributes are his interactions with the Eldridges, a family lowered into a state of poverty and imprisonment by the great misfortunes they endured. Mr. Eldridge, a former army captain with little wealth, borrowed money from his son's friend, Lewis, to fund his daughter's education. "
Abstract This essay discusses how the Horyu-ji temple is widely recognised as a central part of Buddhism's influence on Japan. The paper traces the history of how the Buddhist temple was built during the first great influx of Chinese culture. Overall, the paper demonstrates how the construction of the temple was accompanied by the introduction of Buddhism into Japan from the continent.
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the issue of religion and tolerance, like racism, has always been a contentious one in the United States. This is particularly true of the non-Western, non-mainstream religions, such as Hinduism and other Indian religious directions. The writer then looks at the Sri Venkateswara Temple, that is also known as the Balaji Mandir and which functions as both a Hindu Temple and a Cultural Society serving the Hindu people in the area. The writer concludes that the temple has provided a focus not only for the Hindu community in the area, but also for the education of Westerners in the area.
From the Paper "The Sri Venkateswara Temple is also known as the Balaji Mandir and functions as both a Hindu Temple and a Cultural Society serving the Hindu people in the area. There arose a need for such a temple in the Bridgewater area during the 1980s. One reason is that this period saw a significant increase in the Hindu Indian population in the area. In addition to the fact that this community experienced the need for worship services and cultural connections, was also the fact that many of these people were employed by the professional sector. They therefore had significant funds to contribute toward a project of establishing a worship community and building a temple. As mentioned above, the parental concern for retaining their children's awareness of their cultural roots also played a role in the need for establishing a temple. The first step towards attaining this goal was to buy land on which a temple could be built."
Tags: Hinduism, values, integration, Indian, population
Abstract This paper describes the abundant erotic sculptures that adorn and embellish the twenty surviving temples of Khajuraho, which have fascinated scholars. In particular, the paper investigates the purpose for these voluminous, yet extremely refined and well sculpted, displays of the various Mithuna and more conspicuously the Maithuna couples, which are present not only on the outer walls of the complicated temple structures but also inside the temple space itself. The paper dismisses the notion of this erotic imagery simply being a public display of a private act but rather hypothesizes that the sculptures were used as part of the temples' architecture because they represent certain religious and cultural beliefs and practices, thus enhancing the worship of the respective deities.
From the Paper "In the case of Khajuraho the temples were commissioned by the Chandela kings as well as falling under royal patronage. The courtly spaces were becoming increasingly as sacred as the temple space itself. Thus the Brahmin class had to be constantly appeased and in such a bid was granted vast areas of land as dana. After the coming of castes into the societies, the kings had to keep the Brahmins happy as they were the only connection between them and the Gods in an inverted sense. To establish their divine genealogy they needed somebody to affirm their status. "
Abstract This paper details the known and disputed history of Solomon's temple, using the sources of the Old Testament and modern archaeology. The paper looks at the meaning of the site to the Jewish people beginning with the time of Moses. The architecture of the First Temple is discussed, its destruction and the building of the Second Temple, along with the final fate of both.
From the Paper "From the time of Moses to that of King David, the tabernacle stood as the center of worship for the Jewish people. As a nomadic people wandering through the desert wilderness they carried this shrine with them. For the Jews, the tabernacle not only stood as a symbol of Yahweh's blessing upon His chosen people and as a reminder to them to remain faithful though they wandered outside of the Promised Land, it also served as the home of Yahweh Himself. This was where the Shekinah Glory dwelt, God among men. When the Jews gained entrance at last into Palestine, they carried the tabernacle before them across the Jordan River and into Jerusalem. By the time David was crowned king, the Hebrew Nation had been well established. To King David, the tabernacle stood as reminder of all those years that his people spent wandering the desert. He desired a more permanent structure, one that would signify not only that the Jews had a homeland but also to give glory to the One who had led them there. The Lord forbade him to build his Temple (1 Chron. 22:7-8). This was a task that would be set before his son, Solomon. To this day, Solomon's Temple remains one of the greatest symbols of Judaism and marks a point in time when the Jews did indeed occupy their Promised Land."
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the temple of Pharaoh Ramesses I built by his son Seti I. Some of the areas discussed include the Temple of Osiris and its significance in history. Special attention is given to the figures carved into the walls of the temple, as they are examined in detail in order to give us a better understanding of their importance in Ramesses life and times. The hieroglyphics found on the walls are also detailed and analyzed.
From the Paper "The largest figure is Horus, the son of Isis and Osiris, with a falcon head. He holds an ankh, in one hand, which is a sacred representation of life, often associated with Isis and Osiris. Some call it "the original cross." (Okara, 2001). He also holds up his hand as if to protect his father. Horus ruled the world of the living, so he's here to watch over the living as they give their gifts to his father. Horus is larger than the cult figures of Osiris, but there are two figures of Osiris, and only one Horus, which again brings out Osiris' dominance."
Abstract This essay will argue that a key point of disagreement, and eventual harmonization, in this "conversation" revolved around the role of nature in the architecture of Japanese temples. While earlier Shinto models reflected a Japanese aesthetic of harmonization with nature, the Buddhist temple architecture imported directly from the Asian mainland emphasized a more abstract and monumental disregard for the natural environment. Through an analysis of the similarities and the differences of Japanese Shinto shrine and Buddhist temple design, this essay will outline the parameters of this conversation between native and foreign forms in Japanese architecture.
Abstract This paper explains that Alfred Edersheim's "The Temple: Its Ministry and Services" reveals the physical structure of the Temple in the days of Christ, the Temple's ordinances, worshipers and the priesthood of that period, the priesthood's ministry and its rituals. The author points out that, although this book is a fact-based, historical account, there is a tremendous amount of disagreement about the superiority of sources used by different Biblical scholars, who continue to disagree about the validity of various sources. The author does not contest this validity. The paper states that religious scholars like Edersheim make it clear that an understanding of the Old Testament and ancient Judaism can only enhance one's understanding of the life of Christ as the ultimate sacrifice.
Table of Contents:
Summary
Interpretation
Conclusion
From the Paper "In chapter ten, Edersheim discusses the festive cycles and arrangement of the calendar. The cycles are marked by the number seven. The Sabbath is the seventh day, the Feast of the Pentecost occurs seven weeks after the start of the ecclesiastical year, the seventh month is the most sacred, the seventh year is Sabbatical, the 49th year is the year of Jubilee. Furthermore, there are seven days of each year designated as the most festive. Furthermore, the cycles are marked by either two or three cycles; one beginning with the Paschal sacrifice and ending on the Day of Pentecost."
Abstract The paper is a personal account of one individual's visit to a Buddhist temple and his reflections and thoughts following the visit. The paper's author, an American citizen born in Indonesia, discusses the reasons behind his desire to visit the temple and investigate Buddhism, describes in detail his visit, and concludes by describing his feelings following the visit and the conclusions he drew.
From the Paper "I was told that the Nembutsu is actually more than a prayer. They believe that merely saying the chant is the only way to Buddhahood or nirvana. This made me very curious. As a Christian, I was told to speak, act and think properly, to be good, to be charitable. Salvation in my faith meant that one has to be morally upright. With Buddhism, salvation is as simple as saying three words, in my mind I was thinking that it's absurd and I kept conjuring up an image of a magician pronouncing "abra cadabra, you're saved!" I asked about this, trying to get a more concrete alternative to the seemingly obvious and convenient path to enlightenment that they prescribe. I learned that like all religions, they do follow their teachings called the Dharma, and having faith in the Amida Buddha. By faith, they meant entrusting yourself to the Amida, with a gratefulness that spurs you to do good for the majority of people. Aside from gratefulness, they also prescribe humility, sincerity and selfless giving. One of the more pronounced difference with the Jodo Shinshu Buddhism and Christianity is that they don't believe in conscious efforts to attain enlightenment or salvation, and that they don't believe that anything is absolute. For them, mankind will never be perfectly good because humans were born imperfect, and they allow for this limitation. What's important is for a person to accept this "true nature" so that he could uses his "other power" which is the teachings of the Dharma."
Abstract A look at changes in architectural design. The author focuses on the way architecture reflects culture with focus on the Horyuji temple in Japan which expresses the culture of the time in which it was built.
From the Paper "Throughout history, architectural design has undergone progressive changes in style based on a variety of factors. One of the most significant transitional phases in Japan includes the Asuka period in which Buddhism dramatically influenced the essence of the dialectic between form and function. A prime example of this profound style is the Horyuji Temple. Although the relationship between Buddhist philosophy and architectural design is unquestioned throughout this period, the origins of this relationship are intriguing. What factors led to the development of the Buddhist influenced structures? How significant are the features of the Horyuji in creating allusions to Buddhist ideology? To what extent is the Horyuji Temple "Japanese" versus Buddhist?"
Abstract This paper presents a prospectus for the construction of a Greek Temple. Many details are included in the prospectus such as materials to be used, number of workers who will complete the project and how it will be designed.
Abstract This report evaluates the need for increasing the number of computers at Temple University Japan (TUJ). The writer discusses the best options for this increase, based on three different sets of criteria: Present conditions and the statistical results of a questionnaire; The present ratio of computers to the students and the desirable ratio; The features, specs and prices of different computer series. The writer concludes this report with a recommendation to increase the number of computers available to TUJ students.
Table of Contents:
Lists of Illustrations
Executive Summary
Introduction
The Need for Additional Computers
The Ratio of the Computers to TUJ Student
Computer Models
Summary and Conclusions
Recommendation
References
Appendixes
From the Paper "Computers in all of the computer rooms are fully occupied throughout much of the academic day. Because of this, some students have trouble getting access, so increasing the number of computers is necessary to solve this problem. According to the results of a questionnaire, eight out of ten students answered TUJ should increase the number of computers at the university. Also, seven out of ten students answered the increased number of computers would elevate efficiency in their study. Because student demand is high and because computer availability impacts studies, it is necessary for TUJ to increase the number of computers. If TUJ increases the number of computers, student satisfaction with the university will be higher. This is beneficial for the university because TUJ will acquire a better reputation and have more applicants. This will result in an increase in profit of TUJ, which will help TUJ to survive in the competitive market for educational institutions."
Abstract This paper discusses how both the novels "Charlotte Temple" and "Wieland" each present their audience with moral, virtuous examples of women who by the scorn and judgment of the societies in which they live, are placed in positions of disgrace by those who their societies dictated should have protected them. The paper relates that both Charlotte and Clara are betrayed by what their societies viewed as the "other", outsiders who ingratiate their way into the trust of these innocent women in attempts to ruin them or tarnish their reputations. The paper also discusses how, in both the novels it is not the actual immorality of the female characters that leads to their discrimination and ultimate downfall, but the damaging and excluding way in which society responds to their supposed fall from virtue that results in the tragic conclusion of these stories.
From the Paper "In Charlotte Temple and Wieland, we are presented with two female characters that seem to embody the ideal of appropriate feminine behavior that dominated society throughout the eighteenth century. While Charlotte is docile, sweet-tempered, and consciously respectful and obedient of her parents, Clara represents a more modern, Enlightened female of the time, brimming with intelligence, quick wit, rationality, and the propensity for intellectual debate and discourse, while still maintaining her femininity and virtue. Similarly, both young women were subject to an idyllic, almost utopian upbringing. Charlotte, raised in the country under the wing of her unfailingly kind and generous parents, had experienced no deceit, dishonesty, or depravity of human nature. "
Abstract This essay first demonstrates that prophetic descriptions of the ideal forms of the Temple in Jerusalem and Jerusalem itself are at the same time mysterious and concretely detailed. The paper then presents the argument that the mystery and detail of these images are not mutually exclusive; rather, they work together to make the ideas both sacred and mysterious and practically directive
From the Paper "An important distinction between the promise of a heavenly Jerusalem and the prophecy of an ideal temple is that, in the case of the Temple, the structure must be built before God's glory (i.e., holiness) will enter it. Jerusalem, on the other hand, must become holy, changing its sinful ways upon total destruction, before the ideal Jerusalem can be actualized. Despite this important difference, however, both are closely associated with an enhanced future holiness."
Abstract The Mayan culture was bound up in their religion and tied to it by the art and artifacts. This paper focuses on how they built their impressive temples and how they turned their buildings into ceremonial art. It also examines Mayan art including hieroglyphics and sculptures.
From the Paper " The Maya must have valued art highly. It was incorporated into their lives by virtue of their public buildings being works of art. From their delicate and intricate profiles of kings and gods carved into hand sized pieces of jadestone to their depiction of a massive Quetzelcoatle, the feathered serpent, winding his way down the face of a pyramid, they had art in their daily lives. They decorated their cities inside and out it seems. They carved huge reliefs and stelae, which served a function, but were still amazing works of art in their own right. They could be as clean and sharp as the edge of an obsidian dagger and as massive and brutal as a god carved in the corner stone of a temple high above the plain. "
