Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that television is arguably our most pervasive mass medium, and reaches millions of viewers, often for many hours per day. As such, it is reasonable to expect that it may play a substantial role in forming and moulding public opinion. This essay examines how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television, with specific reference to four very popular television series: 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer'; 'Ellen'; 'Frasier' and 'Friends'. It is argued that the relationship between television and the masses is becoming increasingly interactive, with the latter increasingly impacting the former, and both exerting a moulding action upon one another.

From the Paper
"First, it must be conceded that there is abundant evidence of television moulding our current society, conveying a view of the world that reinforces the current status quo. Take for example the enormously popular television series Friends. This series features four fabulously shallow, attractive, white, heterosexual, gender-role-conforming, slim, reasonably affluent, utterly self-centred thirty-somethings living in a US city. These characters surely represent the current patriarchal North American status quo. None of them transgresses any societal norms, and all devote themselves with indefatigable vigour to the most important social virtue of our time - consumption. Indeed, much of the action takes place in a coffee shop, where the characters simply spend their time spending money and being amusing. This is reminiscent of the television series Frasier, where the characters also appear to have a bottomless capacity for expensive coffee (as well as fine wine and good food)."

Tags:audience, influence, shows, principles, hero

Abstract
This paper uses reality television as an example of race, class, gender and sexual orientation in popular culture. The author argues that reality television shows are filled with stereotypes. The paper relates that these stereotypes are used to maintain the status quo.

From the Paper
"Reality television, which is a hybrid of a game show and a documentary, is a relatively recent development. Basically contestants have to do some type of unusual activity and this activity is filmed for a television audience. The nature of the activity and the prizes vary from show to show with some shows involving stunts and large cash prizes, other shows involve changing life styles and the prize is a new and supposedly better lifestyle. Although the contests on reality television programs are not actors they are still picked using a very deliberate selection process."

Tags:reality, television, stereotypes

Abstract
This paper argues that television is our most pervasive mass medium, reaching millions of viewers per day. It further shows how television plays a substantial role in forming and molding public opinion, especially as it relates to race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class. It also argues that the relationship between television and the masses is becoming increasingly interactive, with the latter increasingly impacting the former, and both exerting a molding action upon one another.

From the Paper
"Television is arguably our most pervasive mass medium, and reaches millions of viewers, often for many hours per day. As such, it is reasonable to expect that it may play a substantial role in forming and moulding public opinion. This essay will examine how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television, with specific reference to four very popular television series: Buffy the Vampire Slayer; Ellen; Frasier and Friends. It will be argued that the relationship between television and the masses is becoming increasingly..."

Tags:gender, sexual orientation, television

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the term "sexual orientation" has become the phrase used to identify a class of protected rights in law and in business and presumably includes all forms of sexual orientation. In practice, though, the writer points out, the term is a way of assuring some protection for homosexuals without actually using the term. When speaking about majority sexual orientation, meaning heterosexuality as the norm, there is no need to speak about orientation. The writer maintains that it is the basic role of government to protect each citizen from other citizens, and so protections on the basis of sexual orientation are needed no matter what the source of a different orientation might be. The writer concludes that protecting the class is a legal question and does not depend on the other elements to be in force.

From the Paper
"Yet punishing people for a "crime" that is not a crime at all is un-American, and there is no reason for the government to be involved in an effort on the part of segments of society to force other segments to bend to their will. Some critics claim that there is a reason in that the government should be promoting so-called family values, while homosexuality is detrimental to those values. The recent battle in Congress was framed in part as a battle between the Employment Non-Discrimination Act on the one hand and the Defense of Marriage Act on the other, an act which defines marriage so as to eliminate homosexual partnerships. The title of the latter act shows the belief that marriage is under attack by homosexuals and so that heterosexuals can rally and defend themselves. Differential treatment of homosexuals thus becomes defense rather than discrimination."

Tags:natural, immoral, homosexual, discrimination

Abstract
Current researchers have approached the question of sexual preference and its causes from a biological as well as a psychological and sociological point of study. Both types of researchers would agree that the various areas of influence are not necessarily exclusive of one another, and that no single area dominates the decision as to what determines sexual orientation. The paper shows that some researchers have demonstrated a biologic or genetic component of human sexual orientation. Others dispute this claim, stating that sexuality is largely an environmentally-influenced preference. In conclusion, this paper argues that it is clearly necessary to approach the causes of sexual orientation from a point of view that includes both biologic and environmental factors.

From the Paper
"Blanchard and Klassen have hypothesized that the Y-linked minor histocompatiblity antigens, or H-Y antigens, are involved in sexual development. Their study shows that some mothers experience a progressive immunization to the antigen, and that this change may increase the effects of H-Y antibodies on the sexual differentiation of the brain in male children that are born later in the birth order within a family. According to the authors, this information is consistent with the fact that there is a correlation between sexual orientation in men and the number of older brothers they have. Each older brother increases the odds of homosexual preference by nearly 33% in the younger siblings."

Tags:antigen, homosexual, DNA, puberty

Abstract
This paper explains that sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace is demonstrated not only by poor treatment of these employees but also in financial ways: Although equally qualified, male homosexuals are earning about twenty-two percent less than heterosexual men. The author points out that the Congress is considering the "Employment Non-Discrimination Act". The paper concludes that sexual discrimination could be reduced, if not eliminated, if employers trained and educated employees on sexual orientation, provided benefits for gay partners and allowed employees to form unions to voice their opinion.

From the Paper
"Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender employees are discriminated against everyday in the working world. Although personal information, such as sexual orientation, should not be questioned in the workplace, employers are using this information to discriminate against certain people. Even employers that intend to help people have been known to discriminate. The Salvation Army is a perfect example of this. The Salvation Army in New York would pull its business out of the state rather than provide health insurance benefits to partners of gay employees. A law that will soon be enforced in New York states that all employers must provide health benefits to gay partners. Since the Salvation Army considers itself an "evangelical Christian church," it is against it's religion to promote homosexuality."

Tags:treatment, legal, eduction, union, benefits

Abstract
It discusses biological, psychological, and sociological opinions of this theory, and concludes that all elements of sexual orientation: biological/genetic, psychological, and socially constructed, are essential to the way in which it operates in Western society, and that growing tolerance for minority groups and opinions will increase the acceptance of "sexual deviants."

Abstract
This paper reveals that, while many studies suggest a strong genetic and biological basis to sexual orientation, there is little causal evidence to support this claim; therefore, this research proposal attempts to resolve conflicting evidence that male homosexuality is correlated with similarities in the genetic markers from region Xq28 of the X chromosome. The author points out that, interestingly, female homosexuals have not been shown to exhibit a similarity in a specific genetic locus. Studies on the Xq28 region showed that the Xq28 region of the X chromosome was similar in only male homosexuals and not female homosexuals. The paper stresses that this proposed study attempts to address many of the common methodological problems that have been associated with research into the genetic basis of homosexuality in the past, including common use of self-selecting samples, small sample sizes, and problems with the definition of homosexuality.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Proposed Research
Materials, Methods, and Procedures
Statistical Analysis
Expected Findings and Relevance

From the Paper
"Sexual orientation has also been linked to hormonal changes during pregnancy. The probability that a male child will have a homosexual sexual orientation as an adult increases nearly 33% for each older brother that the child has, while older sisters have no effect on the sexual orientation of a younger, male sibling. An immune response within the mother during pregnancy may account for this effect. Specifically, the mother may produce anti-H-Y antigens during pregnancy that affect aspects of sexual differentiation that occur during development. In addition, homosexual males who have older brothers weigh less at birth than heterosexual males with older brothers who in turn weigh less than heterosexual males with older sisters."

Tags:kinsey, sib-pair, causal, markers, definition

Abstract
After an outline and introductory paragraph, the author starts the piece by describing the traditional Christian view of sexuality. Then, the author describes the sexual revolution of the 1960s and how both views paradoxically exist in modern society. Using this scizophrenic view of sexuality as a backdrop, the author then discusses America's obsession with celebrities and how that obsession makes it dangerous for gay celebrities to reveal their sexuality. The author then argues that all celebrities are entitled to their privacy and while gay celebrities should be commended for asserting their sexuality, no one has the right to demand that they disclose such private matters.

Abstract
Because of its pervasiveness, mass media such as magazines and television programs are increasingly in a position to influence the behavior and attitudes of teenage girls. In fact, television programs such as ER and sports-oriented teen magazines have been lauded for providing girls with positive role models. Unfortunately, these programs and magazines remain the exception rather than the rule. Rather than promote healthy lifestyles or give positive role models, much of the media targeted to teens are both physically and psychologically harmful. This paper examines two of these main effects the promotion of unhealthy habits and lifestyles and the growing tendency of these media forms to sexualize teens and turn them into consumers.

From the Paper
"This need to conform to unrealistic body standards infects girls at a progressively earlier age. A recent study of 12,000 children between the ages of 9 and 14 show that media's influence on girls' dieting and weight concerns equaled the influence exerted by parents and peers ("Weight concerns in preteens and young teens influenced by media..."). This represents a change from just a decade ago, when parents and peers were the biggest socialization factors in an adolescent's life."

Tags:Germaine, Greer, overweight