Abstract
This is a research position paper on teen violence. It presents brief reviews of 10 papers on teen violence dealing with causes and effects. It looks at media violence and domestic violence and their impact. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.

From the Paper
"Teenagers in the United States are no more violent than teenagers in other countries but are ten times more likely to die as a result of violence than their international peers and are more likely to be bullied. These results come from a study by the World Health Organization of youth in the US Ireland Israel Portugal and Sweden. Teens in all countries reported similar levels of fighting carrying weapons and being injured while fighting suggesting fighting may be part of normal adolescence ..."

Tags:teen, violence

Abstract
This paper considers the problem of teen violence, its causes, and the response of society. The writer discusses that teenage violence in society reflects the way certain influences shape the behavior of young people, notably peer pressure, media depictions, and the tensions of the teenage years. The writer maintains that the solution cannot address all these causes, but an understanding of the variety of types of violence and of the influences on each can be a beginning.

From the Paper
"The problem of teenage violence in society reflects the way certain influences shape the behavior of young people, notably peer pressure, media depictions, and the tensions of the teenage years. Society tends to demand a good deal of young people even as it continues to view them as wards under the control of their parents. Parents, educators, and psychologists all seek ways of addressing the problem of teen violence, though it should be clear that there is no one answer, just as there are different types of teen violence. Some teen violence is related to the gang problem in the country, for instance, with peer pressure being a primary element along with economic disparities and hopelessness."

Tags:teen, violence, causes

Abstract
This paper discusses how Katz and Jhally argue that teen violence is a male-centric occurrence caused by socialization that promotes violent masculinity. Males provide a gender-neutral view of teen violence that he believes is caused by parents who engage in domestic violence. It shows how both articles deal with the subject of teenage violence and avoid placing blame on teens for their troubled behavior. Instead, these articles present the idea of imitation as a cause of teen violence, but they differ on who the kids are imitating.

From the Paper
"Males presents his theory of teen violence in a gender-neutral presentation. He focuses on violence in general and omits cases of shootings and mass murder carried out by male teams such as the infamous Columbine High School event. Males points to differences in occurrences of violence between different races and classes as proof that images in mass media aren't as important as family circumstances to contributing to the violence. According to Males, "In practical terms, media-violence theories are not about kids, but about race and class. If TV accounts for any meaningful fraction of murder levels amid poorer, nonwhite youth, why doesn't it have the same effect on white kids?" Unlike Males, Katz and Jhally, believe that trying to view teen violence in a gender-neutral fashion will blind us from understanding and resolving the youth violence problem. They point to school shootings such as Columbine, murder, assault and rape as being predominately a male phenomenon. They also argue that girls are growing up in the same environment as males, but are not responding to their situation in the same violent ways as males are."

Tags:violence, school, imitation, blame, society

Abstract
While the causes and symptoms associated with depression and teen violence are well known, doctors and researchers have yet to develop and implement a clear, uniform, tried and proven method that would eliminate and/or prevent depression and teen violence. The paper relates that one of the primary reasons depression and teen violence is extremely difficult to eliminate and/or prevent is that while depression and teen violence are often intertwined, individuals who suffer from depression may not exhibit symptoms of depression or violent tendencies until it is too late, i.e., until an unexpected, violent school shooting occurs. This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues related to depression and teen violence. Part II outlines the causes and symptoms associated with depression. In Part III, the relationship between depression and teen violence is explored. Finally, this paper concludes with recommendations eliminating and/or reducing depression and teen violence.

From the Paper
"Teen violence takes many forms, including assaults with or without weapons, emotional and physical bullying, gang violence, physical fights, school shootings, suicide, and threatening remarks. While teen violence has always been a problem in the United States, the number of deaths and serious injuries increased dramatically during the late 1980's and early 1990's, as more and more teens began carrying guns, knives, and other weapons. However, in recent years, fewer teens are carrying weapons, teen murder arrests have dropped by almost 60%, and the arrest rate for violent crimes is down 36% from its peak in 1994. In order to fully understand the nature and extent of teen violence, it is crucial to examine facts and statistics regarding the issue."

Tags:irritable, death, suicide, Alcohol, substance, abuse, firearms

Abstract
This paper explores the correlation between viewing violence on television and violent behavior. Specifically, it looks at the problem of teen violence and how violent television shows may be one of the factors promoting the violence. Some of the methods promoted for combating teen violence are discussed, and different views on the issue, including the views of the author of the paper, are presented.

From the Paper
"The United States is plagued by the never-ending crimes committed by teenagers that not only tear the family unit that holds the society together but also creates fear amongst others. The crimes that are committed include guns, gangs, sex and drugs. Violent crimes have become a major source of concern for many citizens in the United States. There are several reports and surveys that indicate that there has been a decline in violent crimes in the country but this decrease has been compensated with an increase in the national prison population. Ex-prisoners commit the most violent crimes. The authorities have developed many programs to counter-act crimes through gun control legislation, reform programs, victim rights awareness, but these programs have done little to eradicate violent crime. In this paper I will try to stage the views on this issue along with my own views."

Tags:link, media, children, american-teenagers, aggression, values, crime, culture

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the problem of teenage violence in society reflects the way certain influences shape the behavior of young people, notably peer pressure, media depictions, and the tensions of the teenage years. The writer points out that there is no one solution to the problem of teen violence, just as there isn't one type of teen violence, but an understanding of the variety of types of violence and of the influences on each can be a beginning to finding solutions. The writer concludes that the solutions to teenage violence that can be implemented now can be general, to reduce violence by getting young people to have more understanding of the consequences of their behavior, or specific, to reduce the possibility of one of the specific types of violence that are seen.

From the Paper
"Sports is only one of the sources for violent images that may affect young people. Dietz notes the prevalence of violence in video games, and especially gender violence that may shape the behavior of young males toward females. The process of socialization for boys and gilds is different from the first, and each is encouraged to adopt certain traits characterized as masculine or feminine. These traits then affect the roles these individuals assume, as do images from television programs and advertisements. The popularity of video games gives the images in these games even greater power today, and Dietz notes how the lessons in many video games may contribute to a pervasive idea of male power over the female and so lead to gender violence."

Tags:youth, behavior, gang, pressures

Abstract
The causes of teen violence in America's society. This paper touches on the Littleton, Colorado school shooting incident in which 15 people were killed and then progresses to explore the different causes of this social tragedy. The paper discusses whether school causes or reflects violence, and how drugs, alcohol, the media and broken families can cause teenage violence. Finally, it examines the results of this specific form of violence on society.

From the Paper
"Those individuals who see the school as the source of aggression argue that the school in one setting fosters all of the necessary conditions for violence and vandalism (Apter, Goldstein). They say the school labels various students as failures and by making their failures obvious to themselves and to others, forces youngsters toward aggression as a face-saving response. These youngsters, in turn, fulfill the negative expectations of their teachers and principles. On the other hand some view the school as the victim of aggression rather than its provoker. Is the school really provoking teens to act in the ways they do? It is believe, that this is not always true since we see cases in which the violent acts are done in elementary schools where the children say they get their examples from outside the school. So could it be that the violent offenders start at a very young age to get influenced by their surroundings to then act upon them in the future?"

Tags:vandalism, television, agression, Columbine, High, School

Abstract
This paper looks at how teenage relationship violence is due to factors in their environment, lack of education and support networks. It examines the thesis that increased interventions within schools, youth and community centers should reduce teen violence in relationships, and increase knowledge about what constructs an abusive relationship. It proposes a study whose aim is to give teens vital information about abusive behavior within relationship and to provide information to parents, teachers, caregivers, administrative staff members and friends of peers about what to do if they believe a child may be in an abusive relationship.

Outline:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Hypotheses
Research Questions
The Study Rationale
The Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
The Research Methodology
Design
Inclusion Criteria
Sampling Recruitement of Subject
Intervention
Statical Analysis

From the Paper
"The most common types of abuse amongst teens are emotional, verbal, as well as physical. Emotional and verbal abuse is manifested through name calling, bullying, teasing, threats and keeping them away from family members. Whereas, physical abuse takes on a more aggressive bodily harm such as hitting, shoving, grabbing, kicking or punching and sexual abuse or rape. (CDC, 2006). Each case may involve a multitude of warning signs visible to parents, friends and teachers of the occurring abuse within the teen's relationship. These warning signs include explained injuries, a dramatic drop in the child's grades, extreme mood swings, difficulty sleeping, isolation, drug and alcohol usage, eating disorders, depression, unwanted pregnancies and suicide attempts. "

Tags:bullying, domestic, suicide, pregnancy

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the different techniques aimed at curbing juvenile crime. The first part of the paper looks at arguments for emphasizing punishment as a deterrent to crime. The writer then looks at the effectiveness of rehabilitation as a way of curbing juvenile crime. The writer concludes that the increase in the number of youth who are at risk of engaging in violent activity, stems from a convergence of socio-economic factors. Further, the writer maintains that the only effective solutions therefore involve a concerted effort of parents, families, schools and the community at large.

From the Paper
"Proponents of punishment for juvenile crime are far from a monolithic bloc. At one end of the spectrum are those who argue for "boot camps," where juvenile offenders are both confined and taught skills. Kilgore and Meade, for example, chronicle the success of Lakeview Academy, a military-style correction facility in Iowa. In addition to incarceration, the adolescent boys confined in this facility engage in activities aimed at promoting self-discipline. The structured regiment is intended to both give juvenile inmates a chance to learn educational and vocational skills. Much of the boot camps' focus, however, lies in "shocking" students away from a life of crime, by exposing them to the harsh consequences of prison life."

Tags:crime, punishment, delinquency, rehabilitation

Abstract
This paper examines in-depth what some experts consider to be a direct causal relationship between violence in video games and violence among children. The opposing viewpoint is also presented in the paper. First, the paper approaches the issue from a theoretical angle, noting the number of violent incidents children can potentially see on a video game when they are at an impressionable age. Next, the paper cites evidence that suggests that repeated exposure to visual depictions of violence and participation in active imitations of violence promotes increased aggression. Then, the paper explores how video games may desensitize children and teens to violence. The paper also addresses how studies have demonstrated a correlation between repeated exposure to depictions of violence, including participation in violent video games, and behavior related to bullying other children. Additionally, the paper discusses how frequent use of video games and social media may reduce children and teens' ability to develop solid social skills, may result in social isolation and negatively impacts racial and gender stereotypes. The paper concludes by stating that evidence suggests that general aggression is higher among children who are regularly exposed to video violence, among the many other negative characteristics listed above.


Outline:

Introduction
Theoretical Concerns
Concerns about Violence
Concerns about Aggression
Desensitization to Violence
Concerns about Bullying
Concerns about Social Isolation
Concerns about Sensitivity and Empathy
Concerns about Creating a Negative Worldview and Traumatizing Children
Misogyny, Racial, and Social Stereotyping
Physiological Concerns
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In principle, the specific concern about video game violence is that increased exposure of children to depictions of violence at a time when they are the most impressionable will cause a corresponding increase in violence. As that theory goes, children are so impressionable because they are still learning the difference between what is real and what happens in a make-believe world. Ever since the original 1950s Superman television series, children have been warned by generation of parents never to try to fly out the window of their bedroom just because their super heroes do that on television.
"According to some estimates, children are now exposed to as many as a quarter of a million individual visual depictions of violence in entertainment media. Even though certain restrictions exist in connection with minors' purchasing video games or movies, it is not hard for most early adolescent children from getting around those restrictions. There is no debate either that children who are exposed (even just as passive witnesses) to domestic violence are much more prone to become violent themselves."

Tags:aggression, social isolation, traum, bullying