Abstract This paper describes the symbolic use of animals in TedHughes' poetry and how the poet made use of animal images and metaphor. The paper also explains that Hughes saw animals not merely as representative of human feelings and human states, but as creatures in and of themselves, who are difficult to understand yet who have much to teach, by example, to their human counterparts.
From the Paper "The fox's progress in the poem "The Thought Fox," s paralleled to the act of writing, for the fox leaves tracks upon the snow, like the poet leaves letters and words upon a typed page, but the fox is only "coming about its own business," not the business of the authors. (21) Finally, "The window is starless still; the clock ticks, /The page is printed," but the fox itself of reality, escapes, only the poem becomes fixed upon the page. The printed page finally reads only "The Thought Fox," the actual fox elusively steals away and cannot be captured by the author's pen or even the author's complete imagination. And even, like an elusive fox, to extrapolate Hughes' earlier quote-the poet has no control over the foxy interpretations of his or her readers. "
Abstract This paper takes a look at Samuel Beckett's "Endgame" and TedHughes' "Crow". According to the paper, after World War II, authors were faced with the difficulty of creating written works of meaning in a world that seemed so cruel that any attempt at making meaning or moral sense of human behavior seemed futile. This paper discusses Beckett's and Hughes' attempts at making, and failing to make, a new mythology in a world vacant of belief.
From the Paper "No one could describe Beckett's characters as attractive, and this deliberate impulse towards ugliness is also seen in Ted Hughes creation of the mythological, ugly character in the form of "Crow." A crow, the traditional trickster character of mythology, is a harsh-voiced bird, and Hughes himself said he selected this solitary feeder upon the bones of the dead as his protagonist quite deliberately--just as Beckett's characters feed upon the bones of a cultural system of meaning and a personal past that now has no shape or structure--"it's like the funny story we have heard too often, we still find it funny, but we don't laugh any more," says Nell of the "Endgame" dialogue--the animal Crow feeds upon what is left behind, feeding upon the dead in a world that is based upon death. The crow is a "nightmare" creation, a defiant voice in the wilderness against God. (Sagar, 1975) "
Abstract This paper explains that poets and prophets have traditionally used animal figures to convey criticism of the existing culture, endowing the natural with metaphoric importance. The author points out that Hughes slowly shapes the crow into a sort of prototype for evolved humanity, representing both our worst and best traits. This paper discusses that Hughes's poems use the crow as a metaphor for humanity. The paper relates that Hughes's work appears to be that of a human being experiencing the life of a raven-bird; a fallen creature, a trickster, and a graveyard for the bodies of those he eats.
From the Paper "It is in this poem in particular that one understands how the Crow might be seen as the shadow-self of human kind. He destroys everything around him in an attempt to destroy the "Black Beast" that the reader at least is becoming aware is the Crow himself. It is quite possible that humanity is the only species, which is its own worst enemy and predator. The greatest threats to humankind come from our own people, as the World Wars would have blatantly shown to Hughes. Repeatedly in the Crow poems, the bird looks at itself and its works in horror and sorrow. One can take examples from "The Black Beast" in which Crow hunts himself unknowingly in hunting the enemy, or from "Crow's Nerve Fails" in which he fully realizes the weight of murders that hang about his shoulders. Yet these are not the only examples."
Abstract This paper explains that Langston Hughes was one of the chief artists responsible for the development of African-American literature, known as the Harlem Renaissance, which saw the increase of self-identity issues of the black or Negro culture in the United States. The author points out that one of Langston Hughes's most anthologized poems, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," published in 1921, which brought Hughes to public attention, was an attempt to describe the search for identity and the depth of American Negro heritage. The paper relates that the art of Langston Hughes is never far from social issues and politics; some have criticized him, stating that he sacrificed art for politics, but others state that he had an innovative effect in that he made us rethink the historical relationships between poetics and politics.
From the Paper "In this sense, the Harlem Renaissance was an extension of the movement towards freedom of expression in Negro art, thinking and writing. This renaissance or search for new meaning in the face of old restrictions was also reflected in other artistic and cultural events throughout the world. The sense of rebellion against restrictions and prejudice was expressed though the free and unencumbered patterns of jazz. "The Negro fad of the twenties encompassed a new EuroAmerican interest in jazz, African art, and sculpture and a return to the values of a preindustrial society." Hughes was to use this aspect to great advantage in his work."
Abstract This paper looks at the life of Sylvia Plath and in particular,the meaning of her poem "The Mirror" . It also examines her Her stormy relationship with poetTedHughes.
From the Paper "Poet and novelist Sylvia Plath was born in Boston Massachusetts to Otto and Aurelia Plath both educators. From the time Plath was the age of five she was writing complete poems. She was a brilliant and gifted high school student having her ..."
Abstract This paper evaluates the effort being made by American PoetLaureate Robert Hass to lift the European impact from American English ,thus making the latter a truly original and authentic language. It examines how, even though there are several great examples of prose in American English, there are very few truly American poetry collections present and thus Hass efforts are likely to go a long way in eradicating this serious dearth of genuine American poetry. The paper also cites examples from his collection, "Sun Under Wood" and shows how the poet accentuates simplicity to reveal the beauty of American version of English language.
From the Paper "In the Sun Under Wood for example, Hass used his views on English language to express the emotions of various men and women and explored their psyche using simple everyday American terms. This is an effort worth praising as Gail Wronsky (1997) writes, ??what is profoundly revolutionary than the giving up of space on the page to these female voices is the fact that Hass has given the anima psychic space as well - has explored, as a poet, subject matters and emotions traditionally the provinces of women writers; he risks sentiment, for crying out loud! In "Regalia for a Black Hat Dancer," for example, among so many other things, we find "children's crayon drawings on the wall."?
Tags: european, impact, japanese, haiku, traditional
Abstract This paper examines the work of poet, Langston Hughes. The author emphasizes this poet's contribution to the world of poetry and literature and looks at how his writings impacted black society and helped voice the concerns of the American black community.
From the Paper "Langston Hughes has been called the Poet Laureate of the African American people. He was a prolific writer rising to a fame achieved by few other poets. He wrote expressive essays, poetry, short stories, and novels. Through his writing Langston voiced the needs and concerns of the black people that otherwise would have gone unheard. Langston was also involved in the Harlem renaissance through his inspirational writing inspired itself by the people of Harlem. Langston served as an inspiration for writers, composers, playwrights and all others in Harlem. "With his rich poetic voice, nurturing generosity, warm humor, and abiding love of black people, Langston Hughes was one of the dominant voices in American literature of this century and perhaps the single most influential black poet. (Heath, 1-2)"
Abstract This paper presents a biographical analysis of Langston Hughes, emphasizing the hardships this African American poet endured while developing his own voice. It discusses his role in the Harlem renaissance.
From the Paper "Langston Hughes born James Mercer Langston Hughes in Joplin Missouri on February was a vital part of the Harlem Renaissance and was a man who used his unique understanding of what it meant to be a black ..."
Abstract This paper looks at the African American poet Langston Hughes' treatment of oppression and racism, and his hopes for equality. Focusing specifically on two poems, "I, Too" and "Harlem," the paper looks at thematic and linguistic elements in the poems, and compares and contrasts them.
From the Paper "Langston Hughes' poetry often deals with themes of national and racial identity, frequently focusing on the problems inherent in being black in the United States during the period in which he was writing. Another popular theme that unites the other two is the period Hughes looked forward to in which there was no more racism, in which the African American will be as free from racism as the white person. These themes are central to his two poems "Harlem" and "I, Too," both of which speak of the oppression of blacks in the first half of the twentieth century and the conflicting emotions caused by that oppression."
Abstract This paper looks at the role of the patriarch with two specific examples. It focuses on Anzia Yezierska, a writer and Langston Hughes a poet. Both were from poor minority families. The writer gives a background to the authors? families and their work. The paper explores how the experiences of their youth and patriarchs shaped their futures. It examines the four elements of patriarchal influence. Through the two examples, the paper argues that a persons self assurance and confidence begins in family. In conclusion, the writer argues that fathers play a crucial role in the upbringing of their children.
From the Paper "Langston Hughes and Anzia Yezierska were as different from one another as the cultures which they called their own. Although each started their life as a member of poor minority families, Anzia lived in the ghettos of early 20th century Manhattan, and Langston sought refuge amidst in the conflict between slave owners, bigoted whites, and abolitionists of the Midwest. Anzia's father lived in her home, and her family had a strong heritage as Russian Jews who had immigrated to the US."
This paper is an in-depth analysis of the motives of Ted Bundy prior to and during his serial murders. The analysis uses a sub discipline of Cognitive Theory- Information Processing theory to examine Bundy's motives prior to and during his murders.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 7 sources, 2002, $ 78.95
Abstract This paper is an intensive examination of serial murderer Ted Bundy and the motivations behind his killing spree. In order to analyze this murderer, the paper uses a sub discipline of Cognitive Theory- Information Processing theory to examine Bundy's motives prior to and during his murders. It not only examines the man himself, but also looks at his victims, his family life and other environmental factors that may have led to his transformation.
From the paper:
"This cognitive representation of pleasure does not end with Bundy's first sexually motivated encounter, instead, this becomes a continuum in which another stimulus is introduced. The third stimulus, which is the actual murder, essentially strengthens Bundy's need and desire to rape and brutally sodomize women. Bundy's predisposition to sexually violent behavior was finally released. By breaking the barrier, Bundy's pathological processes overcame his inhibitions, which led him to crave more. Bundy had made the final decision to kill, solving his problem, he now lived uninhibited by any moral dilemma, and would keep murdering for the sake of self-gratification. It is really quite sickening to imagine that by mutilating, torturing, raping and murdering one could experience pleasure. Not only did Bundy experience great pleasure, but derived satisfaction and motivation to keep killing."
Tags: analysis, bundy, cognitive, information, murder, processing, serial, ted, theory
Abstract This paper analyzes the life of Ted Bundy, the serial killer. The paper considers how his childhood molded him and what his patterns as a killer can tell us about serial killers in general.
From the Paper "Ted Bundy is perhaps the most notorious serial killer in American history. The fact that Bundy was an intelligent, good looking and charming young man stunned the public as he did not fit the standard image of a serial killer that most people held. However, it is important to consider Bundy's childhood and background in order to understand how a man like Bundy could become a cold blooded rapist and murderer."
Tags:ted bundy, serial killer, organized, chi omega, power, control
Abstract One of the most important movements in literature was the Harlem Renaissance, also called the New Negro Renaissance. Two of its contributors, George S. Schuyler and Langston Hughes, had very different perspectives on the art and literature of the African American. Their debate sparked a dialogue among the Harlem Renaissance community. This paper examines the argument between Schuyler and Hughes, adding the perspectives of other African American writers from the era.
From the Paper "In Hughes' view, the racial mountain stood in the way of this --"the urge within the race toward whiteness, the desire to pour racial individuality into the mold of American standardization, and to be as little Negro and as much American as possible" (1926) Hughes thought that African American poets should not run spiritually away from their race towards whiteness, which he saw Schuyler advocating and which he thought Countee Cullen did to an extent as well."
Abstract This paper studies Langston Hughes and his many contributions to society. It includes excerpts and an analysis of his poems "The Negro Artist", "Racial Mountain" and "In Dream Boogie". It examines his philosophy on African-Americans living in the 20th century. It details his life and the progress he has made for African-Americans.
From the Paper "Langston Hughes felt that African Americans should be able to live in freedom in the 20th Century. He saw African Americans as a vibrant race, full of live, compassion, and love. He didn"t approve of complacent people. Because Hughes was at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, he naturally felt that African Americans should speak up and demand what they want. He felt that African Americans should be proud of their heritage"they shouldn"t try to be something that they are not. They shouldn"t try to fit into the white culture. More specifically, they should embrace their heritage and love themselves as described in the following:
And so the word white comes to be unconsciously a symbol of all the virtues. It holds for the children beauty, morality, and money. The whisper of "I want to be white" runs silently through their minds. This young poet's home is, I believe, a fairly typical home of the colored middle class. One sees immediately how difficult it would be for an artist born in such a home to interest himself in interpreting the beauty of his own people. He is never taught to see that beauty. He is taught rather not to see it, or if he does, to be ashamed of it when it is not according to Caucasian patterns (Hughes)."
Abstract This paper is a critical review of a NASA monograph including an overview of Hugh L. Dryden's life and career in aviation and space. The author points out his accomplishments. The paper reviews the technology, ethical issues and social problems raised by the monograph.
From the Paper "This page monograph available from NASA details the life and career primarily the career of Hugh Dryden Dryden was a precocious scientist who earned a Ph. D. from Johns Hopkins at ..."
Tags:hugh dryden, aerospace, aviation history, NASA
