Abstract This paper discusses the methods and techniques for teachingscience to preschool students. Early childhood is the most impressionable time in a child's life and everything that he learns now prepares him for more complex concepts in later years. It is therefore very important for teachers to adopt strategies, which are developmentally appropriate.
Abstract This paper looks at the cultural and religious beliefs of the indigenous Australians that make it difficult for them to understand the concept of Western science. The paper then attempts to identify the best methods for science teachers to teachscience to the indigenous Australians, while simultaneously stressing that teachers should teach that which is relevant to the lives of the indigenous students and in keeping with their traditions and customs.
From the Paper "Sadly, relations between one people and another have not always been friendly. The situation is exacerbated further still, when the two peoples who come into contact with each other have very little in common, as in the case of a complexly organized, technologically advanced nations that suddenly finds itself face to face with a nation of hunters and gatherers. Such was the situation when the English established their first colony at Botany Bay. The United Kingdom was a country of millions of people, all under the rule of a single government. It possessed all the physical trappings of an advanced society. The British used and manufactured metal implements and weapons. They possessed a highly elaborate system of writing and record-keeping; had many different forms of communication and transportation; and made great buildings and cities out of wood, brick, and stone. They were also accustomed to exploring and investigating their world."
Abstract This paper discusses the experience of a secondary school teacher presenting Earth Science coursework, covering the various teaching related tools and skills necessary for teachingscience in the secondary school setting.
Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Inquiry-Based Instruction Defined
Development and Demonstration of Inquiry Based
Learning Activities in Science Instruction
National Science Education Standards and Grade Appropriateness
Classroom Dynamics for Secondary School Instruction
Assessment in Earth ScienceTeaching Design of Curriculum
Example: High-School Earth-Science Activity
Original Middle-School Earth-Science Activity
Teacher Presentation
Lesson and Activity Objectives
Grading for Science National Norm Referenced Testing for Science
From the Paper "Earth Science is particularly complicated in relation to instruction in the contemporary classroom. This is because of the many political and social issues involved in this area of study which, in the eyes of many, is an area of religious import as well. Furthermore, the initiative to teach in an inquiry-based manner further expands the research and examination in relation to providing instruction in Earth Science. When considering a method of instruction it is critical to take into account the grade-level appropriateness in relation to the curriculum and inclusive classroom activities when planning the instructional lessons and accompanying activities."
Tags: classroom, students, education, curricular, field, trip, chemical
Abstract This paper explains that science education in kindergarten presents the most basic ground for students to understand that science involves them in a dynamic formation of concepts and explanations. The author points out that one teaching approach is the traditional teacher-directed form, used mainly with older students, and the other approach is the informal constructive model, which uses child-initiated activities. The paper underscores that there is no concrete research findings on which of the two approaches are more appropriate to use in kindergarten science education. Rather, many preschool classrooms employ a blend of the two teaching disciplines. The author presents the use of realias, realistic objects common in the environment, as an outstanding tool to teach children scientific concepts.
From the Paper "The scientific method can already be taught as early as child's kindergarten years. Kindergarten students must start their study of science using their five senses to observe their surroundings. The class must be set up in such a way that it would provide a motivating atmosphere where students learn to explore the physical world around them. Their natural inquisitiveness often leads them to investigate the world by observing and operating objects that are common in the surroundings. In addition, children learn to deduce their observations by gathering bits of information or data for them to base their scientific explanations."
Tags: constructive, child-initiated, blend, realia, dark
Abstract This paper examines whether the attitudes of teachers have changed toward scienceteaching due to instructional focus or interventions such as STS (Science/Technology/Society), values and ethical issues and the nature of science. The paper contends that the emerging research is clear in illustrating that learning science in an STS context results in students with more sophisticated mastery and ability to use process skills. The paper claims that all students improve in terms of creativity skills, attitude toward science, use of science concepts and processes in their daily lives and in responsible personal decision-making.
Outline
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review
Four Pedagogical Issues
Findings
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Socioscientific issues (SSI) and Science, technology and society (STS) are distinct in that STS education in not 'embedded in a coherent developmental or sociological framework that explicitly considers the psychological as well as the epistemological growth of the child nor the development of character or virtue." However, the SSI movement holds its' focus on the empowerment of students in consideration of how issues based on science reflect the moral principles as well as the elements of virtue encompassing their lives, the physical world as well as the social world about them. (Zeidler, et al, 2000) Colleges and universities have recently undertaken initiatives to create Preservice teacher programs that better enable the instructional practices of the teacher. The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) states that they view STS, "as the teaching and learning of science in the context of human experience."
Abstract This paper describes the format and content of the Praxis science test, which most states in the US require for teacher certification. The paper further suggests strategies for students to prepare for the exam, such as how to anticipate correct answers and using the study manual. The paper is divided according to each section of the test and examines each section's specific content.
From the Paper "The content area of the Praxis II Science test consists of multiple choice and constructed-response questions. Every time a student takes a Praxis test, the questions will be will be multiple choice and constructed-response questions, but every time, the questions will be different., Nevertheless, the questions will always test the same areas and domains within the subject content area. There are several strategies that can be applied to improve the chance of answering the multiple choice questions correctly. As the teacher candidate is preparing to take the Science content area test of the Praxis II, the following strategies can help improve the student's chance of correctly answering the questions. "
Abstract This paper discusses the link between science and technology, as advances in science make technology and advances in technology possible. It further discusses Marx's idea that science and technology are always closely linked with progress and development, especially over the last 200 years. Science has made many things possible. Science has been able to identify, recognize, understand and explain many things and processes in our world and the universe. Medical science and technology are now able to treat and cure many diseases that were fatal in the past. Technology has been able to revolutionize communications, transport and manufacturing.
Abstract This essay examines and discusses the impact of World War II on the development of science and technology. The discussion includes several examples, mainly pertaining to the development of nuclear science, weapons, medical research and genetics. The writer points out that since the end of World War II there has been an almost complete merger of science and technology, and governments and the industry now support most pure science research. Further, the writer notes that according to McClellan and Dorn, the example of the atomic bomb development in the US during World War II marks a watershed in the history of modern science and technology.
Abstract This paper examines the responsibility of educators to provide gifted students with special attention. However, the author also states that all students should be provided the opportunity to be educated in a community where their talents and potential can be recognized and nurtured. The paper provides research-based considerations which support an educational philosophy that fosters the innate curiosity of not only gifted middle-school science students but all students. The author contends that these considerations on the part of the teacher will help enable and inspire students to organize content knowledge, make observations, evaluate evidence, think critically, solve problems, apply knowledge within multiple contexts, work as team members and clearly communicate ideas.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
What Is Science?
How Scientists Do Science No Child Left Behind And Gifted Students
Preparing Students For A World Of Change
Case Studies
Case #1 - Albert Einstein
The Pestalozzi Method Of Instruction - Its Impact On Einstein
Case #2 - Charles Darwin
Darwin's Mentor
Findings From The Case Studies Of Einstein And Darwin
The Gifted Student: Reconsidered
Science And Learning
Science Learning And Teachers
Conclusions/Implications
Bibliography
From the Paper "As future doctors, geneticists, geologists, meteorologists, ecologists, and astronomers, young science students have the potential to improve their lives and gain personal satisfaction from a clear understanding of natural phenomena and its magnificence. Even those students who do not pursue scientific professions are in a position to make a great global difference by applying their scientific knowledge to voting practices and decisions as consumers. Therefore, science instructors should be responsible for ensuring that students gain a sufficient understanding of science necessary to make responsible decisions as voters and consumers and ultimately support innovative and analytical thought related to discovery. With this, it is the responsibility of teachers to recognize and address the talent that exists in their classrooms and to ensure that instruction fosters in students a desire to continue to learn and contribute to the world of science."
Abstract This well-researched paper defines the collaborative teaching method as an approach which is geared towards all students at various levels and abilities with the main goal being the optimum maintenance of a heterogeneous classroom. This paper details the background to this particular teaching concept which is an all inclusive methodology and philosophy intended to provide a consistent education potential for all students. This paper discusses the appeal of collaborative teaching while also detailing the common characteristics of this particular method including the atypical relationship that is formed between the teacher and the student. The writer contends and explains that one of the main advantages to this particular teaching style is the flexibility and openness that this method offers. This paper also examines the published reports which claims that not enough research has been done on the issue of inclusive and collaborative learning to definitively determine its effectiveness.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Universal Design
Definition: Inclusive Classrooms and Teaching Collaborative Teaching Definition
Legal Aspects
Collaborative and Inclusive Aspects of a Universal Design Environment
Conclusion: Advantages and Disadvantages
Bibliography
From the Paper "An important aspect of the collaborative classroom is the sharing of authority - which is an aspect which also has raised concern among many educators. The theory is that, while previously the teacher would set all tasks and work assignments, in a collaborative or inclusive teaching environment the students are invited to participate. They can for example, "... set specific goals within the framework of what is being taught, provide options for activities and assignments that capture different student interests and goals, and encourage students to assess what they learn." The teacher would then guide the student, and suggest areas for further research and learning. The teacher is therefore seen more in the role of mediator and facilitator than a traditional authoritarian figure. This approach has a number of decided educational advantages. For example, mediation from teachers in this environment assists the strident to connect to the new information provided through his or her personal experiences - making the learning process more relevant."
Tags:teaching, curriculum, student, teacher, research
Abstract This paper explains that the discussion of creation science is inherently highly controversial because it seeks the mantle of scientific prestige for what many consider not to be science at all. The author demonstrates that such claims, or such questions, have a millennia-old tradition within the West, extending back at least to the writings on medicine by Hippocrates.
From the Paper "If people, who were interested in teaching the biblical version of God'secretion of Adam and Eve, referred to this story as the biblical version of the creation of Adam and Eve, very few people could object There is most certainly a book referred to as the ..."
Tags: Hippocrates, Creation Science, science, medicine
Abstract The foreign language requirement has long been a component of formal education. The paper shows that several different methods exist for teaching foreign languages, including submersion and various levels of immersion teaching. In addition, foreign language teaching can be either language-driven or content-driven. This paper compares and contrasts the different methods of teaching foreign languages through immersion and submersion.
From the Paper "The language programs of the United States are based on Canadian French-language programs developed in the 1960's (Fortune and Tedick par. 3). Immersion, when used in teaching foreign languages, is the process of teaching the student using the language being taught for all or most of the school day."
Abstract An examination of the difficulties and strategies involved in teaching English grammar, especially to grade-school and high-school students. The paper emphasizes the different teaching theories of people such as Theodore Hipple, Arno Jewett, and Alan Puves.
From the Paper "Modern grammar usage is ever changing as new methods once thought incorrect are now becoming acceptable. One way in which future English teachers can help students to see, understand, and learn from their mistakes is through grammar portfolios. Generally, a student may have many grammatical errors in a first draft of a piece of writing. If a student is able to see incorrect and corrected mistakes, he or she is more likely to improve his or her future pieces of writing more efficiently."
Abstract This paper examines public education systems and the need for effective teaching. It states that education and the process of acquiring it is not a simple teach-learn process. The author uses the ideals of Paulo Freire, who declares that it is more important to know that education is not merely teaching others but it is also a process through which one learns. The paper describes that the dilemma is not the willingness to learn but it is the national education systems that have modernized and have integrated too much internationalized educational modules to the culture's identity.
From the Paper "Education reforms in the modern age has become a means to struggle against time. For the Latin American especially, the struggle was between conservatism and progressivism. A nation torn by its ancient roots and the desire to join in with modern day progressivism, the people are still in turmoil whether acceptance of modernism is the only way to achieve their goal. The root cause is inherent in the approach the people takes. Despite gaining independence in several areas, public education and its creation is still debatable among the gentry as well as the government. Proponents for education like Paulo Freire, declare that it is more important to know that education is not merely teaching others but it is also a process through which one learns as well."
Abstract This is a paper on the topic of education or teaching as a profession. The paper shows the two sides of the argument, where many say that teaching is not a profession, while others argue that it is. The paper concludes that teaching is a profession, but it is more of a craft-profession.
