Abstract This paper examines the grammatical errors evident in a fictional letter from "Betula" to "Andrea". The paper explains that although the grammatical mistakes (in the letter) are varied, the paper focuses primarily on the letter's problem of incorrect 'aspect', and attempts to analyze how Betula's grammatical aspect problems can be categorized and corrected. The paper also explains the types of tense expressed under 'aspect'.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What is Aspect?
Types of Tense Expressed Under Aspect Analysis of Betula's Essay in Terms of Aspect Conclusion
From the Paper "In laymen's terms, aspect is really the grammatical aspect of a verb, which characterizes the temporal flow of one's writing. However, it is different from the concept of "tense" alone: although tense describes whether an action or event has occurred in the past, present, or future, aspect determines whether it happened only once, whether it happens continually without stopping, whether it happens on an intermittent basis or whether it continues to happen now (Lynch). An example of different aspects are the statements "I skip" and "I am skipping", both of which lend to different interpretations of tense."
Abstract This well-researched paper defines the collaborative teaching method as an approach which is geared towards all students at various levels and abilities with the main goal being the optimum maintenance of a heterogeneous classroom. This paper details the background to this particular teaching concept which is an all inclusive methodology and philosophy intended to provide a consistent education potential for all students. This paper discusses the appeal of collaborative teaching while also detailing the common characteristics of this particular method including the atypical relationship that is formed between the teacher and the student. The writer contends and explains that one of the main advantages to this particular teaching style is the flexibility and openness that this method offers. This paper also examines the published reports which claims that not enough research has been done on the issue of inclusive and collaborative learning to definitively determine its effectiveness.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Universal Design
Definition: Inclusive Classrooms and Teaching Collaborative Teaching Definition
Legal Aspects Collaborative and Inclusive Aspects of a Universal Design Environment
Conclusion: Advantages and Disadvantages
Bibliography
From the Paper "An important aspect of the collaborative classroom is the sharing of authority - which is an aspect which also has raised concern among many educators. The theory is that, while previously the teacher would set all tasks and work assignments, in a collaborative or inclusive teaching environment the students are invited to participate. They can for example, "... set specific goals within the framework of what is being taught, provide options for activities and assignments that capture different student interests and goals, and encourage students to assess what they learn." The teacher would then guide the student, and suggest areas for further research and learning. The teacher is therefore seen more in the role of mediator and facilitator than a traditional authoritarian figure. This approach has a number of decided educational advantages. For example, mediation from teachers in this environment assists the strident to connect to the new information provided through his or her personal experiences - making the learning process more relevant."
Tags:teaching, curriculum, student, teacher, research
Abstract An examination of the difficulties and strategies involved in teaching English grammar, especially to grade-school and high-school students. The paper emphasizes the different teaching theories of people such as Theodore Hipple, Arno Jewett, and Alan Puves.
From the Paper "Modern grammar usage is ever changing as new methods once thought incorrect are now becoming acceptable. One way in which future English teachers can help students to see, understand, and learn from their mistakes is through grammar portfolios. Generally, a student may have many grammatical errors in a first draft of a piece of writing. If a student is able to see incorrect and corrected mistakes, he or she is more likely to improve his or her future pieces of writing more efficiently."
Abstract The paper analyzes four newspaper articles that mention English or grammar. The paper summarizes each article into one paragraph and the writer provides personal comments on the articles. The writer describes the articles as "on the border of humorous with a blend of seriousness." The writer further discusses how people often make mistakes in their writing and fail to proofread their work; these grammar mistakes can sound humorous.
From the Paper "This article came from the newspaper, The Times, with the article, "Traditional Grammar Teaching Is Waste of Time, Say Academics." Notice the title has a mistake in it. It should be "says." The article states that English grammar does not give students writing skills. A study was completed by an English review group in York. The article states that no evidence in over 100 years has connected grammar with better writing skills. While sentence combining, has been beneficial in helping students gain improvements in their writing."
Abstract The paper discusses how integrating different language teaching methods will have the benefit of catering to a wide variety of student needs; something that a single approach will probably not accomplish. The paper explores the methods of teaching the Slavic language to students where the proficiency level is basically non-existent. The paper selects nine different language teaching methods and determines which are most appropriate for such a language teaching course and also how they can be integrated to achieve optimal results. The paper's information for all the teaching approaches is derived from Dr. Jill Kerper Mora.
Outline:
Total Physical Response
The Grammar Translation Method
The Audio Lingual Method
The Communicative Approach
The Functional Notional Method
The Direct Approach
The Reading Approach
The Silent Way
The Community Language Learning Method
Conclusion
From the Paper "Globalization and the concept of the "global village", has brought about interesting developments in language teaching. It is currently recognized, for example, that contact with one or more natives from foreign countries during an average lifetime is more likely than not. Furthermore, the information age entails that knowledge from across the globe is integrated in the academic world. This implies that not all academic texts will be in English, and that some foreign language skills are necessary to access texts in certain fields. Finally, businesses generally offer expanded opportunities to those who are willing to relocate to foreign countries. The success of such ventures often depends upon an ability to communicate with the target country's native population. The question is therefore not so much whether foreign languages in a curriculum are important, but rather how they should be taught."
A discussion on the challenges of teaching bilingual education ? which can also be phrased as the challenge of educating students with limited English proficiency.
Abstract The following paper examines the complex task of teachinggrammar and syntax and instilling an appreciation for nuance and vocabulary choice to children from less educationally privileged areas. This paper examines the programs developed by three different states ? Florida, Texas, and California ? to help educate students with limited English proficiency, looking at both the technical aspects of each program and the larger educational philosophy espoused by each bilingual program.
From the Paper "States with large immigrant populations such as Florida, Texas and California have traditionally made substantial efforts to teach non-English-fluent students English so that these students can succeed in the United States, where a knowledge of English is necessary for many professions. Because the task of teaching English to immigrants or first-generation Americans is a complex one both linguistically and culturally, most states structure their programs to take a number of years. California's recent attempts to trim the time required to attain full fluency in English to one year is problematic within this context and seems likely to continued to be challenged, either by continued reworkings of Proposition 187 or by entirely new pieces of legislation."
Abstract This paper explains that, in determining the best practices to teach reading to students who have learning or behavioral disabilities, attention must be paid to both story grammar and basal comprehension to determine the success or failure rate of the method used. The author points out that the use of story mapping is arguably the best practice to use in teaching reading to students of all grade levels because it provides a marked path for the student to follow as he or she makes his way through a story structure. The paper relates that story mapping allows the learning-disabled student to develop skills, which will allow continued success as materials and expectations increase as the student progresses to more advanced reading.
From the Paper "A study conducted in 1987 regarding the success of story mapping as a method for teaching reading skills to students with learning or behavior disabilities concluded that is one of the most successful methods currently available. In this study, five learning disabled fifth grade students were examined to determine the effect of simple story mapping on their comprehension abilities. Four out of the five students developed definable and significant story mapping ability and demonstrated significant improvement in their story grammar and comprehension skills once they began using the story mapping methods."
Abstract In this study, the writer's three beliefs about language teaching are discussed. The writer also identifies possible constraints that affect putting these beliefs into practice and evaluates whether these constraints can be overcome. The writer maintains that the teacher's beliefs about language teaching reflect the attitudes toward different types of teaching approaches and the constraints affect the teaching practice. According to the writer, establishing a link between beliefs and practice offers a number of implications for language teaching practitioners that might help to improve their attitudes, methods, and approach.
Outline:
Introduction
Teaching Environment
Teacher as a Motivator
Lessons Should Be Interactive
Language Teaching is Culture Teaching Constraints
Conclusions
From the Paper "In most cases, the setting contributes to the way in which language is taught depending on availability of resources, types of tests, value of the language and so forth. Therefore, it is necessary to outline my teaching environment before going any further. As a tutor of Japanese, I have been teaching intermediate level oral and written Japanese to college students ranging in age from 18 to 25 in New Zealand since the beginning of 2007. Teaching involves approximately five hours a week in classroom and the classrooms are adequate for the average class size, which is between ten and fifteen, with equipment for presenting visual materials. The university has a language laboratory and a very small collection of books written in Japanese. Course materials consist of the set textbook, which can be classified as predominately a situational based syllabus with a functional syllabus, and the accompany workbook. Not many other supplementary teaching materials are available so teachers are encouraged to prepare their own materials."
Abstract In this essay, the writer discusses effective teaching, particularly focusing on behaviour management. The other aspects of effective teaching studied in the article are the importance of planning, assessment and classroom management. The writer also considers other aspects of effective teaching for instance, making the activities exciting which will allow the children to become engaged in the activities. The writer maintains that creating an environment in which children can effectively work in is beneficial to both the teachers and the children. The writer concludes that if the activities are engaging and exciting this will encourage the children to want to learn, which will then in turn make the lessons run more efficiently. Thus, the children will be getting more from the lessons.
From the Paper "For the lessons to be engaging it will take a mix of assessment and planning. Previous lessons can be assessed, based on how the children responded to the activity e.g. if the children met the Intended Learning Outcomes. Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum asks the question; Do you review the environment and the resources after each session? The children can also be asked to see what they thought of the lessons and if they would have changed the lesson. The feedback that will be received depends on the age and ability of the children. This will make the children feel like they are participating in their own learning. It will also show the children that they are able to communicate with their teacher and share their feelings, therefore they will listen when the teacher has something to say - mutual respect. Then the children's responses and personal reflections can be combined to have a more effective outcome."
Abstract This paper discusses ten traditional methods of language teaching in detail, describing the principles of each and how they help both teachers and students to teach, understand, learn, and practice all the skills they learn through these approaches.
From the Paper "Grammar Translation Method
This method involves the learner to spend a lot of time in understanding the language structure. Though both listening as well as speaking suffer because of it. However, grammar and vocabulary are being stressed throughout the teaching method.
The grammar translation method has been derived from traditional approaches to the teaching of Latin and Greek in the nineteenth century (Selected Lesson Plans). It was originally used to teach 'dead' languages as well as literatures for instance Latin and Greek, and was accounted for its heavy bias towards written work to the virtual leaving out of oral production. However, its main features are as follow (Kitao):
-A careful analysis of the target written language, particularly its grammar.
-The Grammar rules are presented and learned clearly
-From bilingual word lists, vocabulary is learned
-A paramount use of translation exercises
-The medium of instruction is mother tongue
-Less or no attention is paid to speaking and listening skills."
Abstract This essay paraphrases the stanzas in the poem "The Grammar of Silk' by Cathy Song and critically analyzes each with insight through the use of imagery and language.
Abstract The paper explains the benefits of co-teaching and focuses on several different approaches of co-teaching that include one teach, one support, station teaching, parallel teaching, alternative teaching and team teaching. The paper points out that collaboration and interpersonal communication are paramount with co-teaching. The paper concludes by emphasizing the benefits co-teaching offers for students who graduate into a world that is very fast-paced and multitasked oriented.
From the Paper "The term "co-teaching" is defined as the use of more than one certified teacher to a class of students, with both educators providing instruction in some form. Co-teaching offers a number of benefits including the opportunity for more individualized attention and intervention for students.This is particularly important with second-language difficulties, special educational needs or for students who may be having a problem with a particular topic. Co-teaching also enhances the structure and management of the classroom, since a teacher does not have to delay the progress of the whole class due to needs of a few others who require special help."
Abstract The foreign language requirement has long been a component of formal education. The paper shows that several different methods exist for teaching foreign languages, including submersion and various levels of immersion teaching. In addition, foreign language teaching can be either language-driven or content-driven. This paper compares and contrasts the different methods of teaching foreign languages through immersion and submersion.
From the Paper "The language programs of the United States are based on Canadian French-language programs developed in the 1960's (Fortune and Tedick par. 3). Immersion, when used in teaching foreign languages, is the process of teaching the student using the language being taught for all or most of the school day."
Abstract This paper examines public education systems and the need for effective teaching. It states that education and the process of acquiring it is not a simple teach-learn process. The author uses the ideals of Paulo Freire, who declares that it is more important to know that education is not merely teaching others but it is also a process through which one learns. The paper describes that the dilemma is not the willingness to learn but it is the national education systems that have modernized and have integrated too much internationalized educational modules to the culture's identity.
From the Paper "Education reforms in the modern age has become a means to struggle against time. For the Latin American especially, the struggle was between conservatism and progressivism. A nation torn by its ancient roots and the desire to join in with modern day progressivism, the people are still in turmoil whether acceptance of modernism is the only way to achieve their goal. The root cause is inherent in the approach the people takes. Despite gaining independence in several areas, public education and its creation is still debatable among the gentry as well as the government. Proponents for education like Paulo Freire, declare that it is more important to know that education is not merely teaching others but it is also a process through which one learns as well."
Abstract This is a paper on the topic of education or teaching as a profession. The paper shows the two sides of the argument, where many say that teaching is not a profession, while others argue that it is. The paper concludes that teaching is a profession, but it is more of a craft-profession.
