Abstract
This paper explains that the critical paradigm recognizes that reality is the product of history and analyzes it accordingly through social, political, cultural, economic, ethnic and gender values developed over time. The author states that, when applying the critical-emancipatory approach to T. R. Berger's "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland", the observer understands that the whole issue surrounding the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry involves a strong reaction to historical reality issues especially the importance of the First Nation people and the environmental supporters in deciding against the pipeline project. The paper relates that the constructivist-interpretive paradigm assumes that to understand the world and its meaning, one must interpret it. The author underscores that the constructivist-interpretive paradigm can be applied to Berger's work in that his assessment of the Mackenzie Valley pipeline is heavily subjective and based upon interpretation of multiple realities.

Table of Contents
The Strengths and Weakness of the Critical Paradigm
Application of the Critical-Emancipatory Approach to "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland"
The Strength and Weakness of the Constructivist-Interpretive Paradigm
Application of the Critical Constructivist- Interpretive Paradigm to "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland"

From the Paper
"It is easy to analyze the Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland document in terms of the critical-emancipatory approach. Indeed, the whole issue surrounding the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry involves a strong reaction of social, political, cultural, economic and ethnic issues derived from processes over history. The writer, Berger, has assessed the contentious issue of the pipeline development firstly in terms of economic issues: that is, that it will be good for the Canadian economy, particularly the northern Canadians who will be brought now into the "mainstream of the Canadian economy" (Berger, 1988, p. 3). Ultimately, however, Berger has acknowledged the role of ethnicity in appraising the pipeline project and assessing its worth. His final position assumes the First Nation Canadians are correct; environmentally-speaking, the project should not go on). The role of acknowledging the importance of the First Nation people and the environment in deciding against the pipeline project display evidence of cultural, social, political and ethnic values in evaluating the situation.

Tags:interpretation, inuit, bias, reality, government

Abstract
This paper critically examines the United States' P.A.T.R.I.O.T. Act in light of domestic terrorist attacks such as the anthrax scare and 9/11. The author contends that this legislation was passed in an environment of fear. It is further argued that such an Act would not have been passed if the nation were not in a state of panic.

From the Paper
"Bioterrorism, though, was not enough to convince Americans that the Patriot Act was a necessity. Only after what soon became known as "nine-eleven" occurred would a panic stricken America be able to accept such intrusion of privacy for safety. Over 5,400 people were lost in this single tragedy. This was the single worst day-death toll that has been experienced for America since the Battle of Antietam during the Civil War. In comparison to Pearl Harbor in 1941, this attack had over twice as many deaths, and the majority of them were civilians (World). Because of this devastating attack, America as a whole felt crushed. The World Trade Centers were one of the United State's most prominent symbols of power, economic wealth, and unity with many of the world's nations. Only after this were Americans blind enough with rage, grief, and most of all fear to accept such a great invasion of privacy for safety against terrorism."

Tags:terrorism, 9/11, anthrax, bioterrorism

Abstract
The paper explains Berger's view that human beings are meant to have freedom. The paper shows how Kant basically believed the same thing when he stated that human beings are ends in themselves. The paper looks at the two passages that are concerned with the basic beliefs of these two individuals. The paper analyzes these passages in terms of assumptions, language, perspectives and arguments. The paper explains how both Berger and Kant believed that the human being has a high purpose but that the purpose could be easily taken away. The paper highlights how according to Berger, society could destroy it and Kant believed that humans can be used by other people.

From the Paper
"Berger is concerned with the individual's position in society and with people's ability to deal with the facades of society. Society can lead in two directions. Kant was not concerned with society, but only with the individual's actions towards other people. In Berger's view, human beings are meant to have freedom, and Kant basically believed the same thing when he stated that human beings are ends in themselves. The two passages are concerned with the basic beliefs of these two individuals. The passages will be analyzed in terms of assumptions, language, perspectives and arguments."

Tags:kant, berger, freedom

Abstract
In this article the writer discusses three essays that examine the views and concepts addressed by Frederick Jackson Turner in his famous essay on frontier expansion, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History." The writer examines Turner's perspective on winning the wilderness.

From the Paper
"Frederick Jackson Turner makes the claim in his essay 'The Significance of the Frontier in American History' that the most important effect of the frontier has been in the promotion of democracy here and in Europe. One of democracy's most characteristic features includes restraint on government. Turner maintains that it is this lack of control even aversion to control which manifested itself in the Western frontier. From Turner's perspective, the wilderness has a deconstructing impact on more complex societies like those that existed on ... "

Tags:Frederick Jackson Turner, pioneers, frontier, Native Americans, government, religion, education, business, economy, politics, slavery, trade, American intellect, character, history, opportunities

Abstract
The paper discusses a sample project for constructing an efficient frontier using six asset classes. The paper includes graphs for two efficient frontiers.

Tags:Finance, efficient frontier asset classes

Abstract
An analysis of the lives of the wives of Frontier Army officers in the late nineteenth century, that examines their ability to overcome the prevailing mores of Victorian society to ajust to the hardships and challenges of life in the desolate West.

From the Paper
"After the American Civil War ended, the reorganized and vastly reduced United States Army was assigned the task of pacifying the Plains Indians west of the Mississippi. For much of the next quarter century, the army would be in constant movement westward, establishing posts and forts throughout the great expanse of the American west. Dependents-especially wives but also children-accompanied some of the more senior Army personnel. These dependents had to deal with primitive conditions and with the constant fear of attack. This paper will focus on how the..."

Tags:frontier, army, wives, officers, indian, nineteenth century

Abstract
This paper explores whether a nation's production possibilities frontier could ever shift inward. The paper discusses whatever might cause such a shift to occur.

From the Paper
"When does the production possibilities frontier shift inward? The production possibilities curve is a measurement of the maximum output a country can produce if all resources are utilized, and an idealization of efficiency. Producing outside the frontier of the curve is not possible, and producing inside the curve results in poor use of resources. Most countries strive to push the frontier outward, developing resources and technologies that increase development. There are cases, however, when the frontier actually moves inward. One reason for the frontier to shift inward is government regulation, as described in Musgrave and Kacapyr (2001, p. 15). For varying reasons such..."

Tags:production, possibilities, frontier

Abstract
This paper is a memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security, reviewing the near term semi-annual Office of Inspector General Report to Congress. Each of the separate agencies of the department are reviewed for the presence of waste, fraud and abuse. The particular aspects of waste, fraud and abuse for each agency are identified and the results of the semi-annual report are applied and discussed. There is also a meta-data chart for an Office of Inspector General report to the Secretary of Homeland Security that analyzes the Department and its various departments and agencies and lays out the meta-data table for the investigation of waste, fraud and abuse. The paper collects the data from the semi-annual reports to Congress but notes that there was not a lot of significant data relating to waste, fraud and abuse as most of the early reports primarily concerned the initial steps of organizing the Department.

Tags:meta date, homeland security, chart

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the question of how much freedom American citizens are prepared to concede in order to enable personal and national safety, sits at the heart of the current debate concerning the protection of America and homeland security. The writer notes that consequently, a vast range of new measures, which seek to encompass a variety of ways to prevent terrorist attacks, have been recently established. The writer points out that these new measures are presently being evaluated by concerned observers and policy makers on both their effectiveness in preventing terrorist attacks and the influence that such policies have on the well-being of the American public. This essay considers the issues that surround the protection of the United States, and that of homeland security, through reviewing the different ethical concerns and types of political factors involved.

Outline:
Introduction
Freedom v. Security
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The need for effective homeland security measures has meant the government attempting to strike the status quo between enabling greater safety, while also allowing for civil liberty. America, a country that is renowned for its respect of individual freedom and human rights, is now facing the difficulties that have been raised by the introduction of increased measures that influence the majority of America's citizens. While it is a fact that no person can truly be free unless there is a reasonable degree of safety, it can also be said that no person can be truly free unless they are secure from unwarranted prying into their personal lives."

Tags:terrorism, homeland, security, freedom

Abstract
In this paper, the writer reviews an article about the creation of the new U.S. mega bureau, the Department of Homeland Security. The writer includes a discussion of bureaucracies and looks at the creation of DHS as a crisis bureaucracy.

From the Paper
"One of the most significant governmental responses to the September terrorist attacks on the United States was the creation of a new mega bureaucracy within the federal government the Department of Homeland Security which came into existence in order to provide a coordinated centralized agency capable of mounting not only a response to man-made and natural disasters but also requiring the means needed to prevent disasters from occurring to the extent that this may be possible. A recent analysis identified the ..."

Tags:bureaucracy, Department of Homeland Security, DHS, government