Abstract
The paper discusses how, with subliminal advertising, the viewer can remain totally unaware of the messages being conveyed through the commercial media. The advertisement may flash a word repeatedly, thus subconsciously affecting the consumer's thoughts and behavior. The paper shows how repeated exposure to imagery can possibly induce the changes in consumer behavior that are desired by the ad's sponsor. The paper notes, however, that studies on its effectiveness have been inconclusive. The paper points out that subliminal messages are illegal and unethical and probably less effective than well-crafted, cleverly designed ads that take advantage of the weaknesses inherent in the human mind.

From the Paper
"Subliminal advertising has been one of the most alluring features of the marketing industry since 1950s, when moviegoers were allegedly exposed to the surreptitious signals while they watched a movie. Some alarmists claim that the American public is being constantly bombarded with subliminal messages that sell products and political messages, or simply induce a state of mind. In fact, Russian scientists had become so concerned about the potential of subliminal ads to influence television viewers that they developed a device that would detect and disable subliminal messages being broadcast on national television (Voyteskhovskiy). Concern about the potential power of subliminal advertising may be unfounded, however."

Tags:imagery, subconscious, commercials

From the Paper
"Subliminal advertising has been a controversial topic since the 1950's, when the first experimental tests in subliminal persuasion were conducted. Larson defines subliminal persuasion as involving "words or pictures, flashed on a movie or television screen so rapidly, played on an audio channel so softly, or disguised in a magazine ad so skillfully that viewers or listeners do not consciously recognize them" (Larson, 1992, p. 42). Although these subliminal messages are not consciously recognized, it is believed that they are "absorbed subconsciously by the receivers" (p.42). In this way, the subliminal messages are presumed to influence the unconscious impulses of consumers. The topic of subliminal persuasion is controversial because some people do not believe it is really possible to influence buying behavior on an unconscious level. In addition, the topic is..."

From the Paper
"This report is intended to provide the FCC with information regarding one of the most controversial and misunderstood techniques in the advertiser's tool set: subliminal advertising. By discussing the background of subliminal advertising, its application and the public perception as well as examining recent studies in the area, this research will conclude that subliminal advertising is used much less frequently, and with very little effect, than is generally thought by the public; as such, it poses little or no threat to the consuming public as a whole.

Advertising is one of the most important tools in the marketing mix, and it is one that raises many questions about ethical behavior in marketing. Through advertising, companies can inform the public about products, use emotional messages to persuade consumers to ..."

Abstract
This paper looks at the way advertisers take advantage of consumers by creating false needs in their market and feeding on those needs. The paper includes an analysis of television and magazine ads, subliminal advertising and advertising ethics.

From the Paper
"Advertising is defined as the action of attracting the public's attention to a product or business. The methods that have developed over the years to attract consumers' attention have been very sophisticated and, in some cases, unethical. As potential buyers of goods and services, we Americans are constantly bombarded with advertising gimmicks in all print and broadcast mediums to the point where we have become jaded to the sales pitches that surround us. It can be argued that the attempts of retailers and businesses to get our attention and convince us to buy their goods and services are not, in themselves, unethical or dangerous; the unfavorable aspects of advertising result when the advertisers use questionable techniques to influence consumers. "

Tags:ethics, subliminal, magazines, products, capitalism

Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the website advertising of In-n-Out Burger and Subway. The paper first points out the similarities between the two sites such as how both sites use intense colors as transfer propaganda technique, which improves the image of a logo, and how both make use of a hyper-link that lets customers contact the parent company on their web pages instead of just taking viewers to the next Web page as a usual hyper-link would do. The paper then notes some of the differences between the strategies of the two sites such as how the website of Subway is more informative than that of In-n-Out Burger because Subway has listed most of the information and services it provides on the home page, which is missing on the website of In-n-Out Burger.

From the Paper
"In-n-Out Burger uses yellow arrow logo with sip-and-span red interiors for their eye-catching. The reason that In-n-Out Burger chooses yellow and red as their theme colors is to make customers feel hungry, not as colors of mustard and ketchup. Due to the fact that red stimulates humans' mental activity, the transfer from eyes to brain is accelerated; therefore, it enhances concentration. Otherwise, Subway chooses bright colors in terms of their favorite colors, which are white and yellow."

Tags:subliminal slogans colors propaganda, health information

Abstract
This paper discusses how daily we are exposed to information from advertisements consciously and subliminally which influence our consumer life as well as our psychological and social values. It looks at how children are not immune to these influences and how since they are in the process of learning, they are more vulnerable and responsive to advertisement than adults are. It argues that the effect of the advertising aimed at children based on economical, legal, sociological and psychological facts, to indicate whether banning will bring benefits to protect them from deception and whether the increasing need for the protection of young citizens will cause governments and other bodies to consider more carefully about regulation issues.

From the Paper
"The IPA cites the report regarding the economic effects in Greece after banning television advertisement. A ban on Television toy advertisements caused a 40% decline in quality children's programming. Therefore and lower quality imports programmes replaced them. Furthermore, advertising has an important function in an open capitalist market society. A lack of competition caused by the banning of advertising results in decreased consumer choice, higher prices and impaired product development. For instance, in Sweden, where banning advertising aimed at children has already happened, toys are sold at prices 50% higher than in other European countries. Children do not have a wide variety of choices (IPA)."

Tags:behaviour, television, regulation, government

Abstract
The writer looks at overt and covert advertising in order to give the reader a solid understanding of the basic theories that are used to sell products. The writer talks about the different places that new forms of advertising have been tested and show how these are used successfully to entice people to buy a specific product. According to this paper, sex is used in almost every type of advertising and its effect on today's youth is immense. The use of sex in advertising is not new, but the overt nature of it is, something, that this writer feels has now take on a life of its own and is having a negative affect on many people's self-image. The role of sex in today's society and as a result its influence on today's younger generation, is the message that this writer is trying to communicate.

From the Paper
"Advertisers will embed the word, "sex," in a magazine picture that is not perceived by the human eye or will superimpose pictures of sexual objects on objects like ice cubes and it is not noticed until this is pointed out to people, they will not perceive this either. (Key 9 - 12)
Whether or not subliminal advertising works is still a matter of debate.
Should sex be used in advertising? No! CNBC had run an ad that showed scantily dressed women, an ad for a topless club."

Tags:ads, overt, covert, theatres, magazines, objects, television, radio, women, males, objects, attractive, self, esteem, low, love, product, subliminal, sell, vehicles

Abstract
This paper examines the negative and racist stereotyping that African Americans have suffered as a result of advertising policies and practices. The writer discusses the literature and the research on this topic and summarizes some of the most important findings. Some significant and revealing statistics are presented as well. The writer also explains briefly how advertising works and its interdependent relationship with mass media. In addition, the writer examines how the featuring of blacks has changed from their first large scale appearance in mainstream advertising in the 1870s to the present day. In some cases, as in the portrayal of Aunt Jemima, the change has been minimal. In response to the fight from the civil rights movement in the 1960s, some large corporations began to target black consumers, and the growth in the 80s of a black middle-class further spurred marketers to an accurate, positive presentation of blacks. However, the writer explains that stereotyping is still present in advertising, albeit on a more subtle and subliminal level. The writer notes that the psychology of advertising does not leave anything to chance and that it caters to what are believed to be the perceptions of the viewer. Examples are given of advertisements that feed into the negative perceptions and the desire of the majority culture to be superior. The writer concludes that other minority groups, such as Asian Americans and Italians, are also depicted with negative images in advertising and that this kind of misrepresentation is becoming less and less tolerable in today's society. This paper includes a table about ads with black models.

From the Paper
"From the history, it is evident that ethnic images become stereotypes when they ignore the humanity of a person by depicting them as having certain traits. When a group is seen as stupid, ugly, violent or comical and never portrayed as successful, skillful, intelligent or beautiful, stereotyping is present. Both positive and negative stereotypes can foster aggression, superiority or hatred. Blacks started to scrutinize the images that were printed simply because if others viewed them like that, they would too. Blacks began to realize that not all fit the description of the lazy, militant, alcoholic man or the happy, pregnant, servant woman."

Tags:NAACP, legislation, revenue, prejudice, Rastus, compensation, intolerance, Anglo-American, magazines, print

From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the topic of consumer manipulation through advertising. There are a number of ways in which advertisers may try to persuade the public to buy their products. However, it has been found that one of the most effective ways to stimulate buying behavior is through the manipulation of people's fears and desires. In the words of one advertising director: "Fear, envy, vanity, health, utility, profit, pride, love and entertainment. If you ever spend money it will be for one of those reasons". Research studies have tended to support this view, and as such there are numerous indications that consumer decision making is more strongly motivated by emotional, rather than rational, needs.
Advertisers have long been aware that sex is the most powerful stimulant for influencing the public to buy. ,,, "

From the Paper
"The following research is on the subject of the psychological effects of advertising. Advertising is a form of communication which is intended to sway people in a particular direction, to influence the audience to purchase a product or service. There is a tacit understanding of this fact on the part of the audience, but this does not mean that the people in the audience--whether it be for television, magazines, books, or newspapers--are able to control fully their own reactions. Advertising operates on many different levels, and there are subliminal messages in advertising that influence the thinking of the public. Many of these messages are certainly inadvertent, deriving from the prejudices and attitudes that are prevalent in a society at a given time. However, many others are intentional, designed to attract the viewer and to guide his or her thinking ... "