Abstract
In this essay, the writer examines the role of religion and nationalism in the origin and development of the India-Pakistan and Arab-Israeli conflicts. The writer discusses religion and nationalism as exacerbating factors in the conflicts. The writer also considers the prospect that religion and nationalism will continue to be factors in wars in the future.

From the Paper
"States go to war for a variety of reasons, but two that have proven particularly effective in generating mass mobilization are religion and nationalism. Unlike other reasons for war, such as control of a trade route or more broadly even economic prosperity, these reasons are capable of motivating large numbers of people on a deeply emotional level even when they do not stand to share in any material gains from victory. By the same token however, once brought into ... "

Tags:religion, nationalism, islam, hinduism, judaism, india, pakistan, israel, arabs, palestinians

Abstract
In this article, the writer studies the work "Religion and human cloning: An exploratory analysis of the first available opinion data" by John A. Evans. The writer maintains that the source is credible because the author first distinguishes between therapeutic and reproductive cloning, and simply provides the beliefs of various religious groups.

From the Paper
"The principal issue is agreement and opposition by religious groups to cloning. There are no examples of bias because the author presents all religious views and the results of opinion polls. There are no vague or ambiguous points since all views are presented clearly. "

Tags:religion, cloning, positions

Abstract
The paper discusses how the comparative study of religion has many positive elements. The paper explains that as an academic field, it can go a long way in fighting prejudice, intolerance and ignorance, and as an academic study, it becomes a disciplined and historically informed endeavor. The paper describes how it also provides a field for different religions and communities to come together in a dialogue. Furthermore, the paper argues that comparative religion can also help other academic fields including, but not limited to history, sociology, anthropology, political sciences, even art and architecture, and, by studying religions one can learn a lot about the human psyche and it can also enrich a person's life.

From the Paper
"The comparative study of religion has many positive elements. First of all, as an academic field it can go a long way in fighting prejudice, intolerance and ignorance. As an academic study it becomes a disciplined and historically informed endeavor. It also provides a field for different religions and communities to come together in a dialogue. Furthermore, comparative religion can also help other academic fields including, but not limited to history, sociology, anthropology, political sciences, even..."

Tags:religion, study, comperative

Abstract
The paper examines religion in the scientific world and explores the implications of reductionism. The paper explains that ,according to Goodenough, the primary difference between reductionism and rational analysis is that rational analysis is indifferent to the metaphysical status of the object of which the details are a part, while reductionism features radical skepticism regarding the object of study. The paper concludes that, essentially, reductionism seeks to establish the ultimate meaning of the object being studied by examining its composition and the relationship between its component parts.

From the Paper
"In describing what Goodenough and Kaplan mean by reductionism, it must be noted first of all that is reductionism is similar to rational analysis, which attempts to understand an aspect or quality of nature through a precise and exhaustive detailing of its particulars and the constituent elements. According to Goodenough (2000) the primary difference between reductionism and rational analysis is that rational analysis is indifferent to the metaphysical status of the object of which the details are a part, while reductionism features radical skepticism regarding the object of study. Essentially, reductionism seeks to establish the ultimate meaning of the object being studied by examining its composition and the relationship between its component parts."

Tags:religion, and, science

Abstract
The paper argues that Canada's choice to distance itself from its Judeo-Christian foundations has created perils as well as potentialities. The paper argues that while a formally more secular society may mean a society that is more pluralistic, it also means that one of the fibers binding the country together - its traditional collective faith in Judeo-Christian tenets - has been severed; as a result, Canada is a more fragmented country than in the past. The paper also contends that the absence of religion in a culture means that collective standards about what is, and what is not, acceptable behavior disappear and so differing interpretations of what is right and wrong can bring groups within Canada into conflict. The paper concludes that while it may not be necessary for a culture to treat religion as indispensable, a culture that chooses to ignore its own religious roots altogether invites internal tensions, a break-down in consensus, and threatens to forget its past.

From the Paper
"The paper emerging from this proposal will look at religion and culture and how religion is an important part of culture; in fact, a culture formerly founded upon religion is doing itself a grave disservice if it flees from that past. Using a half-dozen sources that offer some important insight on an important issue, the paper will look at the divisiveness that can result when a country abandons its religious traditions. Specifically, the paper will explore how a retreat from the celebration of Judeo-Christian values (or at least the acknowledgement of Judeo-Christian values) has left Canada susceptible to fragmentation and to different..."

Tags:culture, religion, canada

Abstract
The paper examines Thompson's work and writing, including those for which he was criticized. Thompson spent many years studying the Mayan hieroglyphic writing system. The paper studies Thompson's work in respect to its value as an educational tool on the Mayan history, religion and culture.

From the Paper
" J. Eric Thompson helped to shape the existing vision of the ancient Maya. In his book, "Maya History and Religion," Thompson pulled together and combined all the different elements from the researchers that had come before him. He studied the contemporary Maya, their folklore, religion, languages, and lifestyle. To this modern study, Thompson added the information he gleaned from the records of the colonial period, the archeological artifacts that had been previously uncovered, and the artifacts of sites he personally excavated. With this combined information he was able to extend and further clarify the Maya culture. Thompson then took this contemporary view and transposed it back in time to create a picture of the Classic and Post-Classic Maya civilization..."

Tags:ancient, hieroglyphic, popol, thompson, mayan, religion, history

Abstract
This paper discusses early religion, particularly in Mesopotamia, one of the earliest known cities. The author studies the religious beliefs of the Mesopotamians who had several gods and goddesses and a large number of spirits and demons. The author also compares how the Mesopotamians, though an ancient race, would house their Gods, to how the Christians did by building churches. The basic principal in which the Mesopotamian religion was based on is also explained in the paper as well as how this helped the people with their survival for many years.

From the Paper
"It is important to note that although the Mesopotamians were ancient people, who believed in their own Gods, Gods that were closely linked to nature and the benefits that they derived from nature, they believed in creating beautiful structures or temples within which they would house their Gods, in much the same way as Christians did, by building Churches to house their God, Jesus Christ. As a matter of fact, experts felt hat there seems to be a remarkable similarity in the religious architectural forms of the fourth century BC, and the earlier Churches of the so called 'pre-Islamic era'."

Tags:ancient civilization, religion, gods and goddesses, spirits and demons

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the views of Sigmund Freud. The writer points out that throughout his long life and career in psychology, Freud studied mythology, religion, spirituality and the basis of morality, pondered their origins, and formulated theories regarding their appeal and influence on individuals and society. In this article, the writer discusses Freud's strong opinions regarding atheism and looks at how he regards religion.

From the Paper
"Sigmund Freud is considered one of the stronger exponents of atheism in the twentieth-century, and general described religion as a form of psychological projection through which an illusion is foisted upon the world of the living. Throughout his long life and career in psychology, he studied mythology, religion, spirituality, and the basis of morality, pondered their origins, and formulated theories regarding their appeal and influence on individuals and society. Biographers of Freud have concluded that he, "must have been impressed by the universal nature of religious phenomena, being on the interface between the biological and social realms". "

Tags:freud, and, religion

Abstract
This paper analyzes the phenomenon of people that commit crimes in the name of their religion while examining Jonathan R. White's book "Religion and Terror". It details religious terrorism and gives several examples from history that can be labeled as these. It clearly defines terrorism and its meaning and recalls several terrorists whom are not terrorists by his definition. It focuses on the terrorist acts of Muslim fundamentalists and compares them to Christian secular acts.

From the Paper
"In the histories of religious traditions, from biblical wars to crusading ventures and great acts of martyrdom, violence has always shown its presence. An old maxim seems to plague the fight against terrorism: one person's terrorist is simply another's freedom fighter. A major question arose in the wake of the thesis advanced by Samuel Huntington that 'the great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural' - a 'Clash of Civilizations' of differing norms and values. Also, the ever-present terrorist violence in the Middle East has not failed to ponder and disturb our thinking of why men would resort to such extremities of violence. Are there shared norms that transcend religion, culture, even civilizations that can and should provide a guide for distinguishing between terrorism and other acts of war or conflict? Robert Kennedy, in his article addresses one aspect of the overall question of shared norms. His purpose is to examine the norms established in both Western Christian and secular and Islamic 'just war' traditions and their modern derivatives in terms of their utility as a guide for differentiating between terrorism and what might otherwise simply be called irregular warfare. The article concludes that, despite the existence of 'fundamentalist' interpretations on all sides, generally shared norms indeed do exist among Western Christian and secular and Islamic 'just war' traditions. The article also concludes that a number of factors contribute to differences of perspective between and among Muslims and members of many western societies. "

Tags:Religion, Terror, God, Jonathan, White, western, fundamentalism, Islam, Christain.

Abstract
This paper is a research paper about the Constitutional guarantee of separation between church and state. The paper uses the Bill of Rights, as well as other studies, to show the effects and impact of mixing religion in public schools.

Tags:religion, separation, civil, rights, constitution