Abstract
The paper reviews the study "Drug court Interventions and the Role of Physical Fitness programs in Client Treatment Outcomes". The paper explains that the subject study was conducted in the Orange County Drug Court to see if the well accepted benefits of a physical fitness program would have a positive influence on the relapse and recidivism rate that is usually very high among drug offenders. The paper concludes that due to limited participation, the results were inconclusive.

Outline:
Part One - Is This A True Experiment?
Identify the Independent and Dependent Variables
Internal and External Validity
Cross-sectional versus Longitudinal
Identify the Study and Control Groups
Does the Study Meet the Requirements of Randomness?
Will the Study be Generalizable to the Broader Population?
Part Two - Ethical Issues

From the Paper
"The requirements that a true experiment have are three elements, those being two comparison groups, variations in the independent variables before assessment of the dependent variables and random assignment of the groups (Schutt, 2006, p.201). In the assessment of the fitness programs in drug courts, the researcher made a good faith effort to establish the requisite elements to have a true experiment. However his efforts were hampered due to low funding and low participation (Thompson, 2006, p.84). As detailed below, the study did have independent and dependent variables, variations in the independent variables, however the randomness of the participants was lacking due to an extreme lack of participation in the experimental group. Therefore although the experiment was set up with the best of intentions, the actual scientific value of the experiment is questionable because of the weakness of the third element."

Tags:variables, participation, control, group, validity

Abstract
This paper offers a review of the study of drug court interventions and the role of physical fitness programs in client treatment outcomes. The paper explains that the subject study was conducted in the Orange County Drug Court to see if the well accepted benefits of a physical fitness program will have a positive influence on the relapse and recidivism rate that is usually very high among drug offenders. The study was conducted over a twelve week period, and due to limited participation the results were inconclusive.

From the Paper
"This paper shall review the study of Drug court Interventions and the Role of Physical Fitness programs in Client Treatment Outcomes. The subject study was conducted in the Orange County Drug Court to see if the well accepted benefits of a physical fitness program will have a positive influence on the relapse and recidivism rate that is usually very high among drug offenders. The study was conducted over a twelve week period, and due to limited participation the results were inconclusive."

Tags:addiction, rehabilitation, illegal, program

Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes research on possible correlation between firefighters' physical fitness and the risk of dying of cardiac arrest while battling a blaze. The paper cites studies stating that as fire-fighting proves to be a physically, mentally, and emotionally challenging job that demands a fire-fighter be at his or her best in every way possible, and that approximately 40% or 449 of the 1,144 on-duty deaths during the study period were reported to be due to heart disease. The paper points out that some researchers contend that number of fire departments do not do all that needs to be done to improve health, and consequently help prevent and decrease cardiac arrests. Dr. Linda Rosenstock, dean of the UCLA School of Public Health, contends that a number of fire departments do not do all that needs to be done to improve health, and consequently help prevent and/or decrease cardiac arrests. The same researchers conclude, the paper continues, that firefighters must be required to undergo annual physicals and fitness tests, as well as ensure participate in fitness programs, which would help reduce the risk factors of heart disease risk factors, including obesity and high blood pressure. This paper includes illustrative charts and tables.

Outline:
Introduction
Critical Cardiac Concerns
Considerations
Physical Agility Test Requirements
Conclusion

From the Paper
" Some people consider the greatest threat to fire fighters would evolve from inhaling smoke inhalation or being severely burned, Robert Siegel, host of National Public Radio (NPR) program, noted. A report in 2007, however, reveals that factors relating to extinguishing fires places fire-fighters at a greater risk of experiencing a fatal heart attack. In fact, fire-fighters of dying from cardiac arrest double the risk policemen experience in the line of duty, and triple the risks for paramedics in their work. Richard Knox, also of NPR, reports that results from a Harvard School of Public Health study, which examined reported each on-duty death among American fire-fighters between 1994 and 2004 (not those associated with 911), reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, reveal: "Heart attack is by far the biggest on-duty killer among the nation's 1.1 million fire[-]fighters. It accounts for 45 percent of their deaths on the job." Cardiac deaths which occur during actual fire-fighting total as much as a 136 times more than that take place when fire-fighters perform non-emergency duties."

Tags:heart, disease, fireman, paramedic, rescue, cardiopulmonary

Abstract
This paper is on the physical fitness awareness of selective women 2001-2002 year. There has been a growing awareness among women regarding physical fitness. As a result, a lot of physical fitness facilities have sprung up in the last few years. However, there are several determining factors that decide physical fitness awareness. This paper addresses the issue of physical activity within the context of age divisions, race and ethnicity.

Abstract
This paper talks about the importance of proper nutrition in the physical fitness formula. The paper points out that the current and long-lasting trend in physical fitness, which places strong emphasis on what not to eat in order to achieve a desired weight, will not lead to true physical well-being. The paper talks about the importance of proper nutrition and how it relates to physical fitness and highlights the different components of good nutrition.

From the Paper
"In today's cultural climate, especially in popular print and television media, most of the discourse on the topic of "diet," is focused on the concepts of "exclusion." In fact, some might argue that this narrow collective attention on "what must be eliminated" from diet, stems, not from the value of health and optimum physical performance, but from the specific and limited goal of weight loss to the exclusion of all else. Although there can be little doubt that the current national obesity epidemic is a serious problem, exclusive focus on negative diet discourse, i.e. "Stop eating that!? causes considerable confusion about just what one should eat to ensure total physical fitness. After all, optimum weight is only one component of overall health and wellness."

Tags:health, weight, body, type, cardiovascular, immune, athletes, exercise, calorie, restriction

Abstract
This paper analyzes whether physical fitness improves academic success. The paper specifically focuses on the relationship between physical activity and physical fitness with academic performance among children in elementary schools in the United States. It analyzes previous research done in this area and attempts to reach conclusions based on their results. It also briefly looks at the issues of obesity in children in the United States.

Table of Contents:
Objective
Discussion of General Background Literature
Summary of Pertinent Research
Conclusions of the Literature Review

From the Paper
"Obesity among school children has been noted as being a problem in many U.S. states in recent years with schools attempting to address these problems. One major factor that is only making obesity a further problem and is as well perpetuating diminishing grades for students is the stringent standards set out for testing by the "No Child Left Behind Act" which is referred to as 'every child left behind' by many teachers in the United States. The focus on testing has resulted in physical education classes being reduced in terms of the time and importance allotted to these classes and that time being instead diverted to core curriculum in the attempt to raise scores on the Standardized Achievement Tests (SAT) of students."

Tags:cognitive, achievement, obesity

Abstract
Correction officers face many job demands that create tension in the workplace and in other areas of their lives. Stress stems from many sources, including the constant threat of physical violence, and tensions with co-workers. This paper explores sources of job stress and various methods for combating job stress among corrections officers. It supports the thesis that physical exercise plays a major role in the reduction of stress among correction officers in the Attica Prison in New York. It also suggests steps that can be taken to increase physical activity and reduce stress among corrections at this facility.

Outline:
Benefits to the Facility
Impact of Stress on Correction Officers
Sources of Stress for Correction Officers
A Review of Current Stress Management Strategies
Critical Incident Stress Management Team
Stress Reduction and Exercise
Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"A comparison of various programs across the United States revealed that in most cases, these services are provided in-house. Only a small number contract these services from outside the facility (Finn, 2000). New York State has a Stress Debriefing Team which consists of officer peers available to law enforcement and correction officers that experience a critical incident (Finn, 2000). This program includes debriefing by peers for the officer and referral to EAP in some cases (Finn, 2000). The program is available to family members and civilians that are close to the situation. No budget is provided for this program. Officers staff it themselves on a voluntary basis. "

Tags:law, enforcement, mental, health

Abstract
This paper reviews the history of Joseph Pilates and focuses on the nature and central concepts of the Pilates method and philosophy. The paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of Pilates to clarify this method's limitations. In addition, the paper relates the results of an interview with a Pilates instructor that sheds light on the physical application of Pilates. The paper concludes that Pilates is a philosophical approach to physical maintenance that everyone can benefit from.

From the Paper
"The Pilates have become an international workout phenomenon as people all over the world have discovered its effectiveness in fitness and exercise. The Pilates method is a physical fitness system that was developed in the early 20th century by a physical fitness instructor named Joseph Pilates. He wrote two books that have become the cornerstone for resources in terms of Pilates development titled, Return to Life through Contrology and Your Health: A Corrective System of Exercising That Revolutionizes the Entire Field of Physical Education. The reason for his creation is that Joseph Pilates believed exercising economical movements should entail low physical stress while maximizing exercising output. Therefore he designed a program that could at once be an effective tool for maximizing one's exercise while creating low stress on joints and muscles. Pilates called his method the art of contrology, which refers to the way the exercise method encourages the use of the mind to control the muscles."

Tags:mind, body, workout, muscles, movement, instructors

Abstract
Discusses pre-adolescent diversity, curriculum, pedagogic content of physical education programs. Physical, emotional, intellectual and social development of pre-adolescents. Goal of physical education programs & approaches to achieving goal. Types of desirable curriculum & examples. Case study example. Teaching of social beliefs, behaviors & conformity in addition to physical fitness (hidden curriculum).

From the Paper
"Physical Education in the Middle School


Review of The Literature
Introduction
This review of the literature regarding physical education in the middle school will include the following relevant topics: pre adolescent diversity, curriculum evaluation, pedagogic content, the case study example, and the hidden curriculum.


Pre Adolescent Diversity
The middle school, developed around 30 years ago, was designed for the young adolescent, who was not ready for the impersonal climate found in the high school environment. The nature of this situation comes with difficulties that are yet to be resolved. Placek (1992) visited four middle schools and found that teachers and principles are still searching and struggling..."