Abstract
The paper discusses international students' importance to Canadian universities. The paper maintains that universities may be blinded by multicultural principles and fail to see the very real difficulties that international students face. The paper argues that universities should offer targeted services to meet the needs of international students.

From the Paper
"The fact that international students are important to Canadian universities can be seen from the lengths that Canada has gone to in order to attract international students. Canada took note of the fact that after aggressive marketing of their tertiary educational facilities to Asian students, Australia estimates that by the year 2010, international students will be contributing $4.5 billion a year to Australia's economy. Accordingly, Canada has been opening up Canadian Education Centres in Asia - one was opened by Chretien himself, while in Jakarta. The objective of these centres is to tell prospective students that Canada offers the best possible education, in the friendliest environment, in an attempt to double the quantity of Asian international students in Canada. This is beneficial for the universities, as most of these students pay full fees."

Tags:education, Asia, culture, relationships, academics

Abstract
In this article, the writer first notes the importance of international students to Canadian universities. The writer looks at the challenges faced by international students. The writer argues that universities should offer targeted services to meet the needs of international students.

From the Paper
"International students are very important to Canadian universities. However, these students also face unique challenges - challenges that may be inadvertently ignored, as Canadian universities subscribe to the belief that in this multicultural country, all students are much the same. As will be shown, international students are not the same, in that they have unique difficulties to deal with. Therefore, it will be argued ..."

Tags:international, students

Abstract
This paper discusses how the Internet has opened innumerable doors for communication and educational enterprise and has also opened a much darker paradigm, giving students a new, often negative, avenue of expression. It cites examples of student violations and various court cases and examines how courts have begun to formulate limits to freedom of expression for students.

From the Paper
"Expression in schools and students First Amendment rights have been debated in courts throughout the past 35 years with the most famous case involved being Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (Tinker 1969). The Tinker case involved the legal limits on students' speech that came into discussion when a group of students decided to wear black armbands to show objection for the Vietnam War. These students were asked to remove the armbands and when some did not they were suspended. The students sued and the United States Supreme Court concluded the expression was protected."

Tags:supreme, court, tinker, communication, hatred, education

Abstract
The paper looks at past Supreme Court cases that have sought to clarify how teachers can keep control of classrooms without infringing upon their students' civil rights. The paper discusses how students' rights in the classroom are still violated in terms of dress codes and expulsions from school in order to demonstrate how balancing students' rights with classroom management is difficult.

From the Paper
"Administering a classroom can be one of the most difficult tasks that a person ever attempts to undertake. Teachers and administrators of public and private schools that cater to all levels and ages of children must be able to enforce a fun, safe, and productive classroom through being able to act out of authority and control what happens in their classroom. However, American students are no less American when they walk into the classroom, and the rights that the constitution has guaranteed to all U.S. Citizens apply to students as well. This means that students not only have the right to receive an education that is equal to that of their peers, but that they also have the right to express themselves in a classroom environment, in addition to practicing their religions in an unthreatening manner. As can be expected, the expression of such rights can often be counterproductive to the classroom situation. Students who exercise their free speech by screaming during lessons or telling students of certain backgrounds that their points of view do not matter, in addition to students who loudly pray during class, who make a show of leaving the classroom for religious reasons, or who attempt to coerce other students into practicing their religions can be quite distracting and threatening to the safe, effective classroom environment."

Tags:uniforms, expulsion, freedom, speech, expression

Abstract
This paper discusses the Fourth Amendment as it relates to the privacy rights of public school students, focusing on a case in which a student was subjected to a strip search while on school grounds. The paper explains that the Constitution of the United States does not have specific language stating that citizens have an absolute right to privacy. However, the paper clarifies, the Fourth Amendment within the Bill of Rights points to an indication of privacy rights for citizens against unreasonable intrusions by the government; public school systems fall under the Fourth Amendment because they are considered representatives of the government. The paper also discusses the debate around the issue of the public safety of students versus the right to privacy. The paper concludes by noting that Courts throughout the country have ruled that the concern of public safety for students outweighs the privacy of students; in fact, the United States Supreme Court has ruled in two separate cases that the level of suspicion and evidence must match the level of intrusion in terms of the scope of the search.

Outline:
Introduction
The Fourth Amendment
Public Schools and the Right to Search and Seize
Public Safety vs. Student Rights to Privacy
Safford Unified School Dist. vs. Redding
United States Supreme Court Decision
Social Policy Implications
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"The concern of the safety of children on public school campuses rose to national attention with the Columbine School massacre in 1999. The warnings signs of Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris that were planning such an attack were largely ignored. School districts across the country since that time have taken great measures to improve the safety of their campuses as a result. School officials have become more vigilant for certain behaviors and take swift action when complaints of gang activity, bullying and drug activity surface. However being that school officials are considered representatives of the government, the Fourth Amendment is still applicable in terms that probable cause and reasonable suspicion must still be present in order to conduct a search of a student. The search and seizure must fall within reasonable standards that such a search will produce evidence of the suspected infraction as established in New Jersey vs. T.L.O."

Tags:rights, constitution, 4th, amendment, criminal, justice

Abstract
This paper examines the reasons behind the success of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and its important legacies. It defines the civil rights movement and the society's turbulent quest for equality among all of its sectors. The paper describes the mood of the country for change both at the level of grass roots and in the government.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Civil Rights Movement: Background
Reasons for the Success of the Civil Rights Movement
Expanding Role of Government
Struggle for Global Leadership
Economic Prosperity
National Culture
Students
Wise Leadership
Legacies of the Movement
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Although Civil Rights has a broader universal meaning, the Civil Rights Movement in the United States refers to the social, political and legal struggle to gain equal rights for the black Americans and to end racial discrimination. The movement has a history of struggle by several individuals as well as organizations dating back to the time of abolition of slavery but it gained unprecedented momentum in the 1960s. The Civil Rights Movement in the United States was instrumental in the successful passage of the Civil Rights Act, 1964 and the Voting Rights Act, 1965."

Tags:race discrimination usa untied states america equal rights black social, political legal civil rights act 1964 voting 1965

Abstract
This paper discusses support for the gay student as a person to be accepted and helped to adjust to a divergent identity, at odds with much that is projected upon ideology and teachings by the misinformed. The paper mentions the lag in understanding, including teachers who may not fully appreciate their expected role concerning gay or lesbian students. Gay students are indeed disadvantaged and require special support within educational settings.

From the Paper
" A commitment to equity in education means a commitment to social justice, an important slogan of the Ontario Ministry of Education for more than 10 years. (in Varpalatoi:1995:242) While one is accustomed to such references applied to the advancement of women or visible minorities, the same general ideal is to apply to persons who are gays or lesbians during their experiences of education. This may be difficult for various schools and educators to assimilate with regard to students who are not heterosexual or espouse support for gay and lesbian fellow students, and notably in..."

Tags:gay students, rc education, acceptance

Abstract
The following paper will look at the treatment of women within Muslim society by critiquing three scholarly articles found in online dossiers available to students of this course. The paper will note the significant issues raises by each author, the impact of certain items upon Muslim women, the political, legal, economic, cultural, or religious/ideological factors which seem to perpetuate these factors, and some shortcomings of the assembled works. In the end, each of the three articles offers some important insights - but all of them tend to be lacking when it comes to providing practical solutions for turning things around.

From the Paper
Gender and Human Rights in the Muslim Context: The Treatment of Women The following paper will look at the treatment of women within Muslim society by critiquing three scholarly articles found in online dossiers available to students of this course. The paper will note the significant issues raises by each author, the impact of certain items upon Muslim women, the political, legal, economic, cultural, or religious/ideological factors which seem to perpetuate these factors, and some shortcomings of the assembled works. In the end, each of the three articles offers some important insights - but all of them tend to be lacking when it comes to providing practical solutions for turning things around.

Tags:muslim, rights, women

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of James Meredith. Specifically, the paper discusses James Meredith's role in the Black Student Movement and the Civil Rights Movement. According to the paper, in 1962, James Meredith attempted to enter the University of Mississippi to study law. After a long and very bitter struggle he became the first black student in the history of the school.

From the Paper
"During Meredith's fight to enter Ole Miss, he became more involved in the overall fight for civil rights, as well. In 1966, his first memoir, Three Years in Mississippi was published, and he undertook the Meredith Mississippi March Against Fear from Memphis, Tennessee, to Jackson, Mississippi. After only two days, someone shot him and left him by the side of the road as dead. The attack so angered other black civil rights groups that they banded together and finished the walk in his honor. Stokely Carmichael, one of the marchers, came up with the term "black power" during the march, and this was the beginning of the term associated with the black struggle to end oppression and prejudice. Thus, many credit Meredith as the father of the movement, although he did not coin the phrase. Meredith rejoined the march for a few days, and has always been an outspoken critic of nonviolence. However, his civil rights activities waned after the march. Meredith went on to study and teach abroad for several years. He lectures, has taught, and is now the President of the Meredith Institute, Inc., a non-profit organization that teaches Black Americans the importance of language and how to read, write, and speak the English language. "

Tags:Air, Force, civil, rights, education, university, Mississippi, black, power

Abstract
This paper discusses the fact that, throughout the 20th century in the United States, the struggle to balance the First Amendment rights of students with the educational institutions' need to maintain a safe and orderly environment has been a constant source of difficulty. The paper describes several cases heard by the circuit courts, appellate courts, and even the United States Supreme Court in which students, fearing the revocation of their rights, have challenged the educational institutions. In contrast, the institutions have sought, through the judicial system, an affirmation of their rights as educators to maintain control and balance, particularly in light of growing violence within the school systems. The paper contends that, while the courts have certainly clarified many of the laws regarding student's rights, the struggle to balance the issues remains constant.

From the Paper
"In dealing with so many protected freedoms, set forth in such a broad manner, there are bound to be difficulties with interpretation and enforcement. As early as 1943, in West Virginia Sate Board of Education v. Barnette (1943), the issue of First Amendment rights violations was brought to a national level. In the Barnette case, a group of Jehovah's Witnesses sued in the United States District Court on behalf of their children, and other children in West Virginia. A previous court decision had inspired the Board of Education of West Virginia to order that saluting the flag become a "regular part of the program of activities in...public schools" and that all students were required to participate. Refusal to salute would result in expulsion of the student. However, due to their religious beliefs that the flag was a "graven image", and that saluting the flag would be in violation of God's commands, the Jehovah's Witness members sought to avoid the forced expulsion upon their refusal to salute. The Supreme Court found in favor of the students, noting that the First Amendment protected the student's rights to dissent."

Tags:constitution, freedom, university, law