Abstract This paper discusses the case of a kidnapped boy who suffered from the Stockholmsyndrome. The paper explains Stockholmsyndrome and then looks at what researchers and psychologists have to say about this syndrome. The paper discusses how ShawnHornbeck was just 11 years old at the time he was abducted (an age when most children still require parental figures) and, as a survival technique, bonded with a man who was not his father but his kidnapper. The paper also notes that the term StockholmSyndrome was coined in reference to events that happened to adults who were held hostage for just six days. Yet these adults had become emotionally bonded to their captors within those few days. The writer then proposes a method for conducting a meta analysis on existing research of Stockholmesyndrome, using a boarding school for field research. The writer concludes that physically removing children from their parents for boarding school causes them to establish a bi-directional emotional bond with the parental substitutes, which tends to confirm the theory that Hornbeck's failure to escape was caused by StockholmSyndrome, as has been speculated in the media.
From the Paper "Thus, in terms of this theory, Hornbeck would actually have bonded with Devlin. This bonding would likely have been motivated by his unconscious or conscious assumption that such bonding would increase the chances that Devlin would not kill him. Certainly, the hypothesis that Hornbeck bonded with Devlin is borne out by news reports that the boy had identified himself as Shawn Devlin on internet sites. Taking someone's name is surely a powerful sign of bonding - after all, the most usual time when this occurs is on marriage, which is one of the most significant types of voluntary bonding."
Abstract This paper looks at Down Syndrome. Named after English physician, John Langdon Down, this is a congenital condition characterized by varying degrees of mental retardation and multiple defects. It is the most common chromosomal abnormality of a generalized syndrome and is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. It looks at how doctors, scientists, and researchers continue to explore the causes, effects, and treatment of Down Syndrome, and how, with the technological advances in the field of modern genetics, researchers are beginning to isolate individual genes in order to study their specific functions.
Outline
Introduction
Causes of Down Syndrome Genetic Mechanisms for Down Syndrome The Symptoms of Down Syndrome Case Study
Conclusion
From the Paper "In order to fully understand the medical causes of Down Syndrome, a clear knowledge on the genetic basis of the disorder is required. During the fertilization stage, sperm and eggs cells are created through different processes called meiosis in which each pair of chromosomes splits or disjoins from each other which causes each daughter cell to receive only one chromosome from the original pair. Before they are fully developed, reproductive cells start out with 46 chromosomes, but as they mature, meiosis reduces their chromosome count to twenty-three. Thus, at conception, the sperm and egg each contain 23 chromosomes, being half the usual number; however, errors in chromosomal division during meiosis are very common."
This paper covers the debate on whether or not smoking marijuana causes amotivational syndrome. It sets up standards for a case study to test the hypothesis.
Abstract This paper looks at whether smoking marijuana causes amotivational syndrome, the term given to the tranquilizing of marijuana on its users, particularly adolescents. The author discusses the symptoms, such as apathy, an inability to carry out plans or concentrate, and impairment of speech and writing. The paper also discusses plans for a twelve-year study, and concludes that the research already conducted on amotivational syndrome is not influenced by the amount of marijuana one smokes.
From the Paper "Amotivational Syndrome is a syndrome in which people are predisposed to. Smoking marijuana during adolescence can stunt an individual's psychological growth, but it does not necessarily lead to Amotivational Syndrome. There is no doubt that a correlation exists between marijuana use and Amotivational Syndrome, but the causal relationship is unclear. There is a substantial amount of information against marijuana being the cause of Amotivational Syndrome, but it is still considered to be a factor in perpetuating the syndrome further. It is common for people with other psychological disorders or learning disorders to have several of the symptoms of Amotivational Syndrome."
Abstract This paper presents a case study of the psychological treatment of Sjogren's Syndrome. The author describes the diagnosis criteria for the syndrome. The paper relates the physical causes and therapies to relieve anxieties and stress suffered by the patient.
From the Paper "The following presents a case analysis of a patient with Sjogren's Syndrome. The case is presented followed by diagnosis criteria for Sjogren's Syndrome. Typical treatment is discussed along with three adjunct psychotherapies."
This medical essay is a case study of an adult woman who is exhibiting symptoms of Post-Streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), or "Post-Strep Syndrome".
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, 2002, $ 53.95
Abstract This medical essay is a case study of an adult woman who is exhibiting symptoms of Post-Streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), or "Post-Strep Syndrome", as it affects the kidneys but can also present hypertension or other symptoms normally pertaining to cardio-respiratory concerns; however, in this study an auto-immune reaction is also of concern. The essay provides detailed results of preliminary examination, including blood work and other diagnostic tests. Initial treatments are discussed and PSGN is described with relation to the woman's symptoms and risk-factor.
Tags: NURSING, HEALTHCARE / ILLNESS (DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT), case study potential
Abstract This paper looks at Selye's syndrome, known also as General Adaptation Syndrome. Selye was the fist to talk about stress and its cause, starting in the 1920's. The writer discusses that he is credited with discovering what is behind "just feeling sick" and recognizing it is due to the body's response to constant stress. The writer reveals Selye's belief that it is the "wear and tear on the body."
From the Paper "Hans Selye wrote in the front piece of his book 'Stress': 'To those who are under the exhausting nervous strain of pursuing their ideal whatever it may be to the martyrs who sacrifice themselves for others as well as to those hounded by selfish ambition fear jealousy and worst of all by hate. For my stress stems from the urge to help and not to judge But most personally this book is dedicated to my wife who helped so much to ..."
Tags: Seyle's syndrome, General Adaptation Syndrome
Abstract This paper describes the causes and symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. The paper discusses the effects of Fetal Alcohol syndrome in the areas of emotional development and cognitive development, including learning disabilities. The paper also addresses the effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in school and social settings.
Abstract This paper describes and discusses the problem of dysphagia in Guillane Barre Syndrome. The paper includes an overview of the disorder with a focus on dysphagia. The paper discusses the prevalence of dysphagia in Guillane Barre Syndrome, treatment options available and the efficacy of such options.
From the Paper "According to Ann Walling Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of flaccid paralysis in western countries. GBS is a syndrome in which the body's immune system attacks part of the nervous system. The first symptoms of this disorder include varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. In many instances the weakness and abnormal sensations spread to the arms and upper body. These symptoms can increase in intensity until the muscles cannot be used at all and the patient is almost completely paralyzed.
Tags: DYSPHAGIA IN GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME, CAUSE, TREATMENT, ONSET, SUPPORTIVE CARE, NO CURE, SYNDROME, RECOVERY, DYSPHAGIA, PREVALENCE, TREATMENT, EFFICACY OF TREATMENT.
Abstract This paper looks at special needs students in the classroom, focusing specifically on Down syndrome. The paper examines the history of Down syndrome and its common symptoms. The paper further examines how the state of California deals with special needs in the classroom, and methods from teachers that can help lead students with Down syndrome to success.
From the Paper "Down's syndrome is named after Langdon Down, an Englishman, who described its multiple characteristics in 1866. It is caused by chromosome abnormalities; typically the cause is an additional chromosome, Chromosome 21, occurring three times instead of two. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal aberration, and it occurs in appropriately one in every eight hundred live births. One important factor that can increase the possibility of Down syndrome is the age of the parents, as "the incidence of Down's syndrome being around 10 per 10,000 live births for women under 28 and around 470 per 10,000 live births for women over 40 years" (Farrell, 2003, p. 53). Young mothers (15-19 years of age) are also more likely to have a child with Down syndrome."
Abstract This paper reviews research articles on children with Down syndrome and their parents. The articles focus on the complex challenges Down Syndrome presents, particularly the difficulties in raising disabled children. The paper also discusses the complexity of development delays. The paper concludes with a look at resources and coping strategies for parents.
Tags: Down's syndrome, typical children, research studies, parents
Abstract This paper examines chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) its diagnosis, and the ways in which healthcare providers are learning to better manage its symptoms. The paper gives a brief history of the disease, citing when it was first noted as a condition. Today's definition of CFS is also given. The author then suggests various causes of the condition, although there are no definitive answers. The various treatment options are presented, although this is also controversial. The paper includes a review of several recent studies on CFS. The author concludes that CFS will continue to present challenges to both healthcare providers and sufferers since the disease is one example of the large range of medically unexplained syndromes today.
From the Paper "Today, CDC defines the illness as: "a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and that may be worsened by physical or mental activity." Individuals having CFS most often function at a substantially lower level of activity than capable of prior to the illness. In addition to these key defining characteristics, patients also report a number of nonspecific symptoms, such as weakness, muscle pain, impaired memory and/or mental concentration, insomnia, and post-exertional fatigue lasting more than 24 hours. Mental health professionals also recognize that CFS often relates to depression. In some cases, CFS can persist for years (CDC, 2006). "
Abstract This paper discusses the causes and treatment of the Tourettes Syndrome. The paper points out that there are no specific medications and diagnostic tests for it as yet.
Abstract This eleven-page undergraduate research paper discusses the posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) in children. The problem may be caused by a variety of disturbing situations faced by a child. The whole family could be affected by the child's trauma. The child could have serious psychological problems due to PTSD, and he may develop through adulthood learning and memory problems, cardiovascular diseases and depression besides being at risk for other trouble/diseases.
Abstract This paper attempts to define and explain Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects approximately 20% of the Western population, and accounts for frequent absenteeism from work and impaired quality of life. The paper outlines how it is characterised by altered bowel habits and abdominal pain, in the absence of any other GI problems and diagnosis is based on the Rome criteria. Despite the the heterogenous nature of the disorder, the writer succeeds in giving a general overview of this disease for the reader.
From the Paper "Psychiatric disorders are recorded in 50-80% of patients with IBS in some studies, although a single disorder is not well defined. Anxiety, depression, somatization, and neurosis have all been recorded1. In patients with IBS, acute psychological attacks have been shown to significantly alter their gastrointestinal motility2. Drossman et al found that patients with IBS undergo more suffering from psychosocial distress than non-patients with IBS3. Osterberg et al, on the other hand, found that there were minute differences in psychological distresses between patients with IBS, and non-patients with IBS4. Thus, assorted studies have conclusions that vary from each other. Altered gastrointestinal motility seems to be associated with the aetiology of IBS, but is not diagnostic. Serotonin (5-HT) has been studied for its role in regulating colonic motility in humans, but it is not yet known whether alterations in the colonic 5-HT system are involved in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome5. Lincoln et al established that the total indoleamine (5-HT plus its metabolite 5-HIAA) concentration in the sigmoid colon in patients undergoing partial or total colectomy for treatment of idiopathic constipation, attributed to IBS, was considerably higher than in normal subjects6. In unstimulated conditions, the colonic myoelectrical and motor activity are normal, whereas under stimulated conditions, IBS patients shown more abnormalities than normal subjects7. Lanng et al, found that all investigations regarding motility disorders showed variation, supporting the general theory of IBS being a broad-spectrum motility disorder."
