Abstract
The paper explores what the United States justice system has done - and must continue to do - if the vigilante movement in American society is to be quelled. The paper looks at the threat posed by groups like militias, committees, gangs, domestic terrorist cells and by all the other vigilante-type groups whose continued presence constitutes a menace to the civil liberties and constitutional protections of Americans. Additionally, the paper looks at how the criminal justice system plans upon dealing with this issue in the future. The paper examines the origins of vigilante groups within America and how they have evolved over time, as well as the manner in which the justice system of the United States has dealt with this threat in the past and how its own approach has evolved over time. The paper shows how there is evidence that the system is taking positive steps - but more needs to be done if tragic occurrences are to be avoided.

From the Paper
"The following paper will review what the United States justice system has done - and must continue to do - if the vigilante movement (or under-current) in American society is to be quelled. In doing so, the ensuing several pages will look at the threat posed by groups like militias, committees, gangs, domestic terrorist cells and by all the other vigilante-type groups whose continued presence constitutes a menace to the civil liberties and constitutional protections of Americans. Additionally, the paper will look, to the fullest extent possible, at how the Criminal Justice system plans upon dealing with this issue in the future."

Tags:criminal, justice, vigilantism

Abstract
The paper looks at three U.S. states - Florida, California, and New York State - and examines the extent to which minorities are significantly over-represented in the penal system/detention facilities of these jurisdictions; because young people are the future of this country, and because youths who find themselves in trouble with the law early in life will undoubtedly fall into trouble later in life, as well, special attention is devoted to the experiences of minorities in the criminal justice systems of each of the three states. The type of approach the writer is pursuing in addressing this problem is, in its initial stages, two-fold: firstly, the available literature is reviewed to show that, without question, there is a serious problem that needs to be confronted; and, secondly, the paper looks at a variety of studies that suggest alternatives to the current conventional practice of merely "locking up" minorities who commit crimes without appreciating the sociological and economic factors that predispose them towards crime. As the third step of the proceedings, a comparative analysis is undertaken of the criminal processing records in each of the states mentioned above and whether or not minorities are more likely to be subjected to lengthy prison terms than whites who commit the same crimes.

Tags:justice, system, minorities

Abstract
This paper compares the juvenile justice system with the adult justice system in America. It first discusses the purpose and goals of each system and the processes involved in each. It then looks at the court processes for each level of justice and the steps that are taken if an offender pleads guilty. In addition, the paper briefly looks at why the juvenile justice system appears to attempt to reform those in its system.

From the Paper
"Within the realm of a justice system is the basic social belief that society is responsible for rearing and raising children into peace-loving and useful adults (Steinberg 2001). Their family, friends, peers, the community, social workers, the justice system and everyone else in society each have a role to play in bringing them up to fit the image (Steinberg). Yet contemporary society, with a newly and recently evolved victim culture, has eagerly embraced therapy and a strong belief in the powers of social engineering (Stolba 2001). It finds the idea of certain individuals, especially children, as deliberately refusing to change as something simply distasteful. Many juvenile offenders are products of very unsettled times and turbulent environments. But it is the State's responsibility to save and reform them (Stolba). In that direction, it must first figure out how to categorize these offenders before it can appropriately deal with them in realizing its mission within the current system of justice."

Tags:reform, jail, crime, society, court

Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses whether the existence of poverty implies that the socio-economic system is unjust. The writer also examines whether the concentration of poverty in certain groups make it more unjust than it would otherwise be. Further, the writer looks at what moral obligations, if any, do businesses have to reduce poverty and if relevant what steps they should they take. The theories of John Rowls and E.F. Schumacher are used for the analyses.

From the Paper
"This essay looks at the philosophical theory of John Rawls, where he proposes a definition of justice that equals fairness. In his theory Rawls attempts to reconcile liberty and equality. Using Rawls' point of view the essay attempts to examine, from the philosophical point of view, whether the existence of poverty today implies that our socio-economic system is unjust and whether the concentration of poverty in certain groups makes it even more unjust. In his book "A Theory of Justice" John Rawls brings together egalitarian and liberal political philosophies. Keeping in mind that egalitarian philosophy is concerned mostly with big gap between rich and poor, and liberal political philosophy emphasized the freedoms and individual rights, Rawls managed to reconcile two opposing trends."

Tags:businessethics, distributivejustice, johnrawls

Abstract
In the book, "Doing Justice", by Andrew Von Hirsch, the theory of retribution is re-addressed. The writer points out how it is Von Hirsch's belief that the purpose of the penal system is to provide punishment proportionate to the crime. The paper explains how the book takes retributivism one step further, arguing that the criminal who breaks the law is taking advantage of the law-abiding citizen and that a proportionate punishment restores the balance to society. It proposes that both benefits and burdens of the system would be limited if the time spent incarcerated was limited.

From the Paper
"Justice is an ambiguous term that refers to a sense of equality and 'fairness'. Social justice refers to the way in which this ideological term is put into practice. At its most basic level, social justice is the way in which a community is governed: the laws, norms and sanctions that are put into place according to the form of government. With criminal behavior, the issues of safety and moral decision-making become an important component of the debate. If crime is considered an environmentally caused event, as opposed to a personal characteristic and, or, choice, then the type of system is needs to be re-evaluated and reconstructed. The importance of commitment in conventional social control is well established, however, there has recently been an increase in interest and a 'reframing' of many of the core concepts associated with "the need to settle a score" or punishment. Commitment has come to mean the same thing as incarcerated when viewed from certain philosophical tenets."

Tags:citizen, law, abiding, society, penal, punishment, crime

Abstract
An argumentative essay about the banning of capital punishment in all countries. The history, social problems, cost, and moral responsibility of the death sentence are discussed and used to show that all societies would benefit without this punishment, otherwise seen as law assisted murder. This essay argues that capital punishment lacks proper and moral justification and should not exist because it is morally unjust. Many points are supported by statistics and a common overview of certain communities and their actions.

From the Paper
"The death penalty, the poor man's justice, is a negative aspect of a society, promotes murder for murder, and encourages lawful infliction of death. Capital punishment is the lawful execution of a criminal by the state, yet is quite problematic. Many people debate on the issues of morality, with some suggesting that this is not punishment but cold revenge. The law is here to protect us as individuals, and those who commit crimes also have the right to be protected. Lacking proper and moral justification, capital punishment should be banned because it is not a deterrent, it is classified as cruel and unusual punishment, and it is morally unjust."

Tags:america, capital, death, justice, law, morals, murder, penalty, punishment, texas, usa

Abstract
The paper is a brief look at the conversion to justice of a young Che Guevara in the film, "Motorcycle Diaries". Most of all, the paper explores the three-step conversion process - the conversion of the feet, head and heart - and how, in the case of Che, this conversion is motivated by an implicit desire to hasten the arrival of the Reign of God to destitute parts of Latin America. More than that, the paper briefly touches upon the concept of the cross and upon the leitmotif of conversion and/or self-sacrifice. All in all, the paper shows how the film is a classic look at how personal growth arises primarily from giving unto others.

From the Paper
"The following paper is a brief look at the conversion to justice of a young Che Guevara in the film, "Motorcycle Diaries". Most of all, the ensuing pages explore the three-step conversion process - the conversion of the feet, head and heart - and how, in the case of Che, this conversion is motivated by an implicit desire to hasten the arrival of the Reign of God to destitute parts of Latin America. More than that, the paper will briefly touch upon the concept of the cross (the epitome of sacrifice for the greater good even though the rewards are not manifest at first glance)..."

Tags:justice, conversion, theology

Abstract
In this article, the writer tracks the progress of a case through the criminal justice system from the arrest of an offender through bail, hearings, plea bargains, trial, sentencing and appeals. The writer describes each step and identifies possible alternative resolutions which are available at each step.

From the Paper
"The process by means of which a criminal case moves through the criminal justice system is lengthy time-consuming costly and challenging for all participants. This brief essay examines each of the steps in this process. It describes each step and identifies possible alternative resolutions which are available at each step. The process begins with an arrest at which time an alleged offender is taken into police custody and is no longer free to leave or move ..."

Tags:arrest, trial, hearings, plea bargains, sentencing

Abstract
This paper examines how the practice of confining a prisoner to a state prison offering only the most minimal of human contact remains as controversial as it is well-established. It looks at the history of the practice and analyzes how the reasoning behind the action often is described as being proactive but whether to protect the prisoner from harm at the hands of other inmates or to minimize his own potential for harming others, it cannot be denied that the step also represents a profound form of punishment. It puts forward the argument of how a nation which proudly bears the banner of "human rights" when negotiating with other countries can continue to exercise an activity which, in the minds of many, is a very real form of psychological torture.

Outline
Introduction (Posing the Question)
Super-Max Prisons (Defining the Activity)
The Residents (Those Who Live In Solitary Confinement)
Cruel and Unusual? (Can We Afford to Continue?)

From the Paper
"The effectiveness of solitary confinement promoted its widespread use throughout the following centuries within the borders of the United States. There were occasional variations of the theme, such as in the early existence of the very famous Alcatraz Prison, where prisoners were allowed to physically associate but were strictly forbidden to speak to one another. But in general, the original blueprint remained the most widely-utilized model while evolving toward the exaggeration of the concept, the "Super-Max" prisons. "

Tags:psychological, torture, human, rights

Abstract
Police officers, by the nature of their jobs, can be exposed to more stress and trauma in one day than most people will experience in a lifetime, and for that reason, police officers also have the highest suicide rates in the United States. The article refers to statistics on police suicide, the causes of police suicide, and steps an officer can take to get assistance.

From the Paper
"Researchers have also created and offered a "suicide prevention program" to police departments. They stress the importance to police psychologists, who work with the officers, to make sure the individual officer is the focus. Important aspects of this program are; psychological assessments, tracking high-risk officers, reducing access of guns to off-duty officers, family involvement in seminars and counseling services for family members, training at academy-level for officers to recognize psychological factors leading to suicide, stress awareness and coping skills."

Tags:criminal, justice, police, stress