Abstract
This paper examines the career of Stephen Douglas, a democratic Senator during the 1850's, and his doctrine of popular sovereignty. According to the paper, this doctrine proved disastrous, because it appeared to promise the South control of federal territories, and then did not. It notes that because this alienated Douglas from both his southern and his northern supporters, when he won the presidential nomination, he lost badly in the election of 1860.

From the Paper
"In the 1850s, Stephen Douglas was among the leading politicians in the nation. Aspiring to the presidency, he had to confront the question of the legality of slavery in the territories. Responding to this issue, Douglas advocated popular sovereignty, letting the voters in each territory decide the question. While the concept seemed simple, in doctrine collapsed in the face of myriad complications, and as it collapsed, Douglas and his presidential hopes faded. In 1850, Douglas leapt onto the national scene by steering the Compromise of 1850 through the Senate when it seemed doomed."

Tags:douglas, lincoln, sovereignty

Abstract
This paper examines the political history and views of Stephen Douglas, among the leading politicians in the nation in the 1850s. The paper points out that, aspiring to the presidency, Douglas had to confront the question of the legality of slavery in the territories. Responding to this issue, Douglas advocated popular sovereignty, letting the voters in each territory decide the question. The paper states that, while the concept seemed simple, the doctrine collapsed in the face of myriad complications, and as it collapsed, Douglas and his presidential hopes faded. The paper concludes that popular sovereignty was theoretically a sound means of allowing territorial populations to organize themselves as either slave or free, but it failed as a political idea because it could not satisfy the demands of the various factions in the dire years leading to the Civil War.

From the Paper
"The second blow to Douglas came with the submission of the first state constitution ostensibly reflecting popular sovereignty. A constitutional convention at Lecompton, Kansas, wrote a constitution that was put before Kansas voters. The voters were given an alternative: to vote for a constitution which permitted current residents of Kansas to keep slaves they had brought into the territory, or to vote for a provision which opened the state to unlimited importation to slaves. Voters could not for a state constitution which prohibited slavery. Anti-slavery voters boycotted this referendum, so that the constitution sent to Washington allowed the free importation of slaves into Kansas."

Tags:Lincoln slavery, Civil War, power politics

Abstract
The paper describes how in 1858 Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas held a series of debates while they contested the U.S. Senate seat from Illinois. The paper discusses how these debates are the most famous in U.S. History; Douglas won the election, but due to stands which Lincoln forced him to take during their senate debate, Douglas could not win the presidency in 1860 and instead Lincoln won the office.

From the Paper
"Springfield, July 31, 1858 Hon. S.A. Douglas - Dear Sir: Yours of yesterday, naming places, times and terms for joint discussions between us, was received this morning. Although, by the terms, as you propose, you take four openings and closes, to my three I accede... Your Obedient servant A. LINCOLN. (Lincoln 65) With these words Illinois senatorial candidate Abraham Lincoln of the fledgling Republican Party accepted the terms for a series of debates with his Democratic rival, the incumbent Stephen Douglas. While Douglas had a national reputation, Lincoln was as yet hardly known outside of Illinois."

Tags:debate, popular, sovereignty

From the Paper
" INTRODUCTION
The Lincoln-Douglas debates were a defining moment in American political history, affording Abraham Lincoln a major opportunity to create an image for himself on the wider public stage. Stephen Douglas was an established political figure and had distinguished himself in numerous congressional battles, while Lincoln was the newcomer, a lawyer who had made his mark in the courtroom and who had served a stint in Congress as the only Whig representative from Illinois. The Illinois newspapers saw the significance of these encounters and played them up big in print. The fact that these debates were being held in different locales helped conserve the time of busy rural voters, gave both candidates larger audiences than they might have reached on their own, and made possible a true clash of arguments and ideas."

Abstract
A brief look at how the notion of female sovereignty in marriage pervades "The Wife of Bath's Tale" and "The Miller's Tale" in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales". The paper illustrates Chaucer's view of women's sovereignty in marriage.

From the Paper
"Both a woman's desire for sovereignty in marriage as well as the moral and logical correctness of female supremacy in matrimony are two themes that pervade and define Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales". The following essay will explore within "The Wife of Bath's Tale" and "The Miller's Tale" the notion of female sovereignty in marriage and its moral implications. "The Wife of Bath's Tale" in most respects..."

Tags:Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Sovereignty, marriage

Abstract
This paper describes Mary Rowlandson's hardships in "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God", relating how her Puritanism gave her a framework for interpreting her ordeals.

From the Paper
"Mary and Joseph Rowlandson's Puritanism gave them a framework for interpreting their ordeals during their captivity among the Indians, as Neal Salisbury wrote; "Mary Rowlandson met every ordeal and interpreted it in the light of scripture which she liberally interspersed throughout her book. Had she not known the scriptures so thoroughly, she would undoubtedly have found it difficult to do this but with a wealth of scripture apparently committed to memory, she found an apt application of scripture for every hardship she endured...""

Tags:The Sovereignty and Goodness of God, Mary Rowlandson, history, colonies, starvation, hardship

Abstract
This paper reviews the implications for state sovereignty of the globalization of trade and finance. The author links, where relevant, free trade negotiations between Australia and the United States.

From the Paper
"The globalization of trade and finance is changing international relationships at several levels of interaction. One expects changing relationship in the conduct of commercial activities ...n

Tags:Globalization

Sovereignty, Australia

Capitalism

Australia

Free Trade

Abstract
This paper elaborates on the history of sovereignty, as well as the actual meaning of the concept. Its revelance is highlighted in the many examples brought forward both from past history as well as relating to current conflicts throughout the world today.

From the Paper
"When it comes to world politics, no other concept is more important than the idea of sovereignty. The idea that a state is free to run itself as it sees fit is one of the truest ideas we hold in international norms. As Goldstein describes it, sovereignty means that states are not supposed to interfere with the internal affairs of other states (90) . While suggestions from other states can be made in the form of trade and alliances, they are supposed to stay away from the realm of actually influencing the decision making processes of other states. Yet as we have learned, the rules of sovereignty can often be bent and distorted."

Tags:politics, sovereignty, world, infringement, rights, Westphalia

Abstract
This paper uses Elizabeth Ammons' "Expanding the Canon of American Realism" to examine why Stephen Crane's "Maggie" and Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" should both be included in the education curricula. The paper suggests that the inclusion of these two works will help teach a multicultural point of view.

From the Paper
"In "Expanding the Canon of American Realism", Elizabeth Ammons argues that the canon of American realism needs to reflect its social context of multiculturalism. The canon of realism is defined by teachers who choose what texts they want to teach about, therefore the canon has been composed of works that are considered highly teachable. In that respect, it is subjective and can just as easily be changed according to one teacher's idea of teachability as another's. Elizabeth Ammons takes the..."

Tags:Elizabeth Ammons, Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, Stephen Crane, Maggie, realism, multicultural, Expanding the Canon of American Realism