Abstract
This paper explores different avenues for small-scale sports tourism in the direction of amateur sports tournaments and how establishing a sport commission can help. It focuses on recreational sport tournaments for adults and youth by examining a case study dealing with the organization of a sports commission and the economic impact it that has resulted on the community. The reason for discussing sports tournaments is because they are fairly low-investment opportunities that small communities can explore, with large returns for the resources that are already present.

Outline
Introduction
Review of Literature
Case Study
Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Green and Chalip (1998) help explain who is participating by exploring the motivations of the active sport tourist traveling to participate in their chosen sport by examining a women's flag football tournament. The authors explain the increasing growth in active lifestyles and how it is not only the younger population, who are participating, but also the older segment is starting to stay more active. This trend is leading to more vacations that are based on or around sport. The paper presents the ideas that the active sport tourist does not only travel for the competition, but also to be able to identify with the subculture of their sport. As in the case of the women football players, they enjoy being able to socialize with people who share their same interests during social events sponsored by the tournament organizers. They travel as teams, and along with these teams comes family and friends, which in turn bring along more economic impact for the community hosting the event."

Tags:vacations, amateur, tourism, tournaments

Abstract
This paper examines how the membership and involvement of groups is a primary element in almost every aspect of life, both positively and negatively influencing individuals. It looks at how individuals come together to form groups for a variety of reasons, both personal and professional and how these groups include the formation and function of sports teams. It focuses on groups and their relationship with amateur sports teams. First, the sports team as an effective group is discussed, followed by team leadership development and a discussion on team morale.

Tags:team, building, sports

Abstract
Sports has become a multi-billion-dollar business, and the ever-increasing competitiveness and challenges, both mental and physical, faced by the modern sportsperson has increased the need for a medical and scientific support system for athletes. This paper discusses two fields that have developed from this need: sports science and sports medicine. The paper shows that they are interrelated, the former being more of an investigative and experimental area, while the latter deals with the implementation of the knowledge and techniques developed by sports science.

From the Paper
"High quality sports performance depends largely on an individual's movement pattern and is usually referred to as technique. Good technique not only produces an effective performance but also reduces the risk of injury. The effect of physical forces on the movement and on the size, shape and structure of the body is scientifically studied by biomechanists today in an attempt to help optimize athletic technique. (Stein, 2003) Through qualitative analysis via direct observation on film or video tape, a biomechanist will study an athlete's performance with a view to diagnosing any problems which might be limiting sporting potential. In close consultation with the athlete's coach, training patterns may be altered to incorporate elements which may help to rectify the problem."

Tags:Anatomy, Biomechanics, Motor, Control, physiology

Abstract
Discusses move toward public funding for construction and or improvement of sports facilities for professional sports teams and franchises. Issue of who will pay for stadiums. Expanded business sales in stadium areas. Role of state governments. Pros and cons of taxpayer financing. Need for accountability and oversight to protect taxpayers.

From the Paper
"Sports Stadia: Taxpayer Funding Concerns
I. Identification of the Problem
Prior to 1953, only one major league baseball club played in a stadium funded by any government body and 75 percent of funding for all ballparks came from private sources. Excluding government-funded stadia built to attract the Olympics, American professional sports teams played in facilities that were funded with private investment capital (Public financing of?, 2001). Since then, bankers have come to estimate that about 20 percent of all professional American sports teams are somewhere in the process of building new stadiums, with franchises in all major sports leagues turning to government at the local and state level for a substantial portion of the costs associated with constructing these facilities (Garrity, 2000)."

Abstract
Examines athletes as problem gamblers. Provides a history of gambling. Discusses mob-connected, organized control of sports betting and the growing link between organized crime and college athletics.

From the Paper
""If there's competition involved, you can bet that you can bet on it" is a quote from Henry J. Hyde (R, Ill). Hyde is chairman of the United States House of Representatives and Chairman of the committee ..."

Abstract
The first section of the paper creates a log of violent incidents in sports, detailing the level of sport in which the incident took place, the specific sport, and details of the incident. Then, the paper addresses drug abuse in sports and details three sports fans' attitudes towards owners, players, unions, salaries, etc. The final section responds to the following statement: "Although many positive changes have occurred, sports remain racist in many respects."

From the Paper
"This paper shall fulfill three writing assignments for the Sociology of Sports. The first section of the paper will be two pages long. It will first create a log of violent incidents in sports, detailing the level of sport in which the incident took place, the specific sport, and details of the incident. Then, drug abuse in sports will be handled in the same manner. The second section will be three pages long and will detail three sports fans' attitudes toward: owners, players, unions, salaries, etc. This will be done while integrating the topics of mass media and American values. The final section will be one page long and will respond to the..."

Tags:sports, sociology, players

Abstract
This paper evaluates the sports market in the US in terms of a macro environment (country economy level) and micro environment (firm/consumer level). The paper discusses the growing importance of sports for community and looks at this through an economic and social perspective. It discusses revenue trends, employment, number of companies, industry pattern, trade balance and sports consumption, as well as sports being part of American education and playing an important role for communities.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter I - Country Overview - PEST Analysis
a. Political Factors
b. Economic factors
c. Social Factors
d. Technological Factors
Chapter 2 - Sport Importance and Expansion in the USA
a. Sport Importance
b. Sport Expansion
Chapter 3 - Typical Sporting Disciplines and American Model of Sports
a. Typical Sporting Disciplines
b. American Model of Sports
Chapter 4 - Sports Market Analysis and Impact on the American Economy
a. Sports Market Analysis
b. Impact on the American Economy
Chapter 5 - Sports Market Size in the USA and Business Operations
a. Sports Market Size in the USA
b. Business Operations (Distribution, Pricing, Retailing)
Chapter 6 - Retail Channel, Athletes, Brands and Major Key Industry Players
a. Products, Services and Goods
b. Athletes
c. Brands
d. Profile of Major Sporting Companies
Chapter 7 - The Sports Industry in the USA
a. Sports Media
b. Sports Marketing
c. Sports Broadcasting
Chapter 8 - Sports Infrastructure, Facilities and Stadiums and Retail Channel Network
a. Sports Infrastructure
b. Facilities and Stadiums
c. Goods and Equipment Retail Channel Network
Chapter 9 - Textile & Apparel Market in India
a. Introduction
b. Indian Textile and Apparel Market Analysis
c. Issues in the Indian Textile and Apparel Sector
Chapter 10 - Conclusion

From the Paper
"The industry growth, due mainly to team sports' popularity highlights the American sports preferences towards the four main sports categories: football, baseball, basketball and hockey. In the same time, overall sports participation slightly decreased in the last decade despite increased popularity among new individual sports, such as golf or aerobics/fitness. This may translate into a shift of the basic sports consumer from an active participant role to a passive viewer role. The technological advancement that enables sports fans nationwide and international to view their favorite games/players from thousands of miles away on a variety of channels, such as TV, internet or phone may be one of the explanations behind this trend."

Tags:football, baseball, hockey, basketball, stadium, broadcasting

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of masculinity and femininity in sport. The paper contends that in order to understand the equation of sports and masculinity, one should initially examine sports and femininity. The paper explains that those sports that are labeled feminine and would detract from rather than support a man's masculinity are those (at least in western cultures) that allow the participant to conform to the stereotypes of femininity. The function of sport in society is examined in the paper.
Outline
Introduction
Considering the Masculine and the Feminine Principles
Societal Function of Sport
Boys Will Be Boys, If They Find Out How
The Most Powerful Form of Masculinity
Anecdotal Evidence
Not Playing, but Winning, Equals Masculinity
Sports Dominance Equals Dominance, Period
Conclusion

From the Paper
"French, German, Spanish and a number of other languages ascribe gender-masculinity and femininity-to every noun in the language. Sometimes the reasoning is not accessible: Why should a German ornament--denoted by the word Schmuck--be masculine, for instance? And why should Schrift (writing) be feminine? While these are imponderables, understanding the masculine qualities of sports is less difficult. Indeed, understanding that, in modern society, sports are equated with masculinity is not difficult at all. Despite the labeling of various activities as masculine and feminine, sports "have generally been labeled as masculine, although some sports are considered to be feminine" (Koivula 2001 377+). Koivula believes that sport is a representation of the cultural milieu in which it occurs and that sports both reflect and reproduce the attitudes, beliefs, rituals and values of the society. "It is therefore argued that sport has been, and continues to be, a site for the construction, reconstruction, strengthening, and naturalization of perceived gender differences" (Koivula 2001 377+), and notably, it contributes to the ways in which each gender is valued by society."

Tags:masculine, feminine, athletics, aggresive, graceful

Abstract
A paper about sports history, a comparison between ancient sports and modern sports of today. The author looks at aspects such as the sports played, how they were played, their technological differences and how their symbolic and societal meanings differ.

From the Paper
"Sports in the ancient world had their similarities to modern sports, but there are a few differences as well. In modern sports, there is more attention to detail when preparing fields for play, but nonetheless there are numerous amounts of workers who prepare the fields that athletes play on. In modern sports, nearly every sport has their schedules devised much before the season even begins. Although not all sports had officials at that time, there were people who kept order. In ancient sports, there were no records that were kept of ongoing statistics. Without role players, teams could not play to their optimum levels at all times."

Tags:baseball, games, greek, history, players, pythian, roman