This paper explains that video advertising, which can be both entertaining and irritating, is the medium society loves to hate because, unlike print advertising, it is more difficult to tune out.
Abstract This paper explains that, although people can make a case that advertising goes too far, by using sexual innuendo that is too graphic or targeting children who have not yet developed the ability to evaluate claims of the advertisement, the United States Constitution provides everyone in this country, including advertisers, a number of protections from regulatory abuse such as freedom of speech. The author points out that one of the most common criticisms is that advertising tries to sell us things we neither need nor want; however, in a capitalistic society, companies are allowed to encourage consumers to buy their products. This paper concludes that the video advertising is an important part of the U.S. economic system; the problems of this advertising can be managed.
From the Paper "Perhaps one of the weakest criticisms of advertising is that it is intrusive. Probably every person could cite a commercial he or she found annoying and intrusive, and that is the test for the limits of free speech: one person's free speech cannot violate another person's right to not be harmed by that free speech. An example of this would be hate crimes. If someone's inflammatory speeches cause someone else to commit a hate crime, then the person's speech has gone too far, because it has led to harm. The issue isn't nearly as clear in advertising."
Abstract This paper examines a straightforward advertisement for Kellogg's 'Special K' Red Berries cereal. The paper identifies what makes the advertisement unique and more truthful than most advertisements.
From the Paper "This ad fulfills several of Fowles' fifteen basic appeals of advertising. One is the need for affiliation. The ad is presenting a woman whom many in the audience identify with, telling women shaped like the one in the ad that it's ok to be like her and, essentially, to be friends with her, you should eat their cereal. It also fulfills the need for guidance, although this doesn't come until the tagline at the end."
Abstract In this study, the writer examines cigarette advertisements that are aimed at women. The writer argues that the advertisements represent harmful speech and should not have First Amendment protection. The writer looks at the move in the 1990's against cigarette advertising and discusses consumer needs rather than the needs of big business.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the proposition that cigarette advertisements aimed towards women are in violation of the First Amendment. The plan of the research will be to show that the ads represent an instance of harmful speech and that as such, they are in direct violation of the First Amendment guarantee to be protected from such speech."
This paper analyzes the duplicitous nature of advertising in the fast food industry, focusing on the advertisements of three multinational fast food companies, McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Long John Silver.
Abstract Fast food advertising has been allowed to profess anything, from the "healthy quality" of their food to the food company's contribution to homeless kids. While fast food giants are quick to take any of their detractors to court for any erroneous allegations made by members of the public, it doesn?t stop these same companies from committing libel themselves through their promotions. However, most fast food companies steer clear of making outrageous claims such any health benefits, preferring to concentrate on marketing their service's convenience, economy and perceived lifestyle. This paper endeavors to highlight this discrepancy in the industry and showcases three fast food companies and their advertising efforts in that regard.
From the Paper "Fast food outlets have become the messiah for the millions of people out there who don"t have more than five minutes to spare in grabbing a bite to eat or for the millions of mothers desperate for one night of not cooking dinner for the family. There is certainly a lot to choose from. All one has to do is switch on the television, turn on the radio, go to the cinemas or even walk down the street. People from all walks of life are bombarded each and every day with jingles and gimmicks and catchcries, inviting the consumer to partake of their fried or greasy menu. Some appeal to the consumer's need for convenience, others appeal to the consumer's economic constraints, and others appeal to the consumer's perceived utopian lifestyle. Some even go so far as to appeal to the consumer's interest in healthy eating. But are these appeals from fast food conglomerates based on truth or are they just trying to beef up their profits duplicitously" This paper endeavors to explore some claims that fast food companies have made in the past through their advertising. Three fast food giants will also be held under the microscope and studied for any evidence of duplicity through their advertising."
Abstract This paper looks at the television shows and advertising content on the Public Broadcasting System (PBS) channel when airing "Berenstein Bears", "Dragon Tales", "Bob the Builder" and "Angelina Ballerina". The paper presents two differing opinions in relation to television advertising and its influence on children. It also discusses the contention that all advertising can have an adverse affect on children, as well as the contention that, if parents take the time to explain advertising to their children, the child will learn to evaluate commercials effectively. The paper supports the second contention.
From the Paper "On the Berenstein Bears the family discussed the needs of the mother bear to work outside of the home and the family's responsibility at helping out with chores while the mother worked. On Dragon Tales the show focuses on one of the Dragon's being afraid to accomplish a task without his good luck charm, which he believed gave him the power to succeed. Bob the Builder told the tale of Bob and his friends helping to stop a plumbing leak at the local school. Finally, on Angelina Ballerina the "mouselings" fought to save an old tree in the park."
Abstract Kellogg's Pop Tarts are a toasted form of breakfast pastry. Pop Tarts come in a variety of flavors, from fruit flavors to chocolate and S'mores varieties. In the wake of increased competition from a number of other toaster pastry products as well as children's cereal products, which are increasingly being packaged in 'on the go' types of formats, the author of the paper suggests and outlines an advertising campaign designed to boost consumer awareness of the product and increase sales.
Outline:
Name of Product
Name of Product and Brand
Brief description of the product/ brand
Brief description of competition
Description of the target market in some detail
Demographics
Psychographics
Behavior of Product buyer/ user
Media Selected
Justification for the media selection
Media Costs
CPM
Justification of copy or lack of copy
Headlines
Body Copy
Symbols/ Metaphors/ Figures of Speech Justification of layout/ design
Overall layout
Unity/ Balance/ Informal Balance
Color/ Shape/ Symbols
Works Cited
From the Paper "The market for any children's product is always somewhat difficult to define, for it encompasses both the child and the child's parents. Although children technically do not hold the purse strings in a household, the amount of money advertisers spend marketing to children is estimated at $15 billion dollars per year ("Facts about marketing to children," 2008, New American Dream). Foods such as Pop Tarts, which are high in sugar but taste good usually rely upon the crucial 'nag factor' whereby the child nags the parent to make the purchase. Parents who feel guilty because they are unable to make elaborate breakfasts for their children may also feel motivated to buy Pop Tarts for reasons in addition to their susceptibility to the 'nag factor.' Some nostalgic and time-pressed adults may turn to Pop Tarts as quick, convenient comfort breakfast or snacking food."
Abstract In this paper the author argues that ?hate speeches?, however abhorrent, should be protected by the U.S. Constitution, that in the interest of free speech, they should be allowed. He suggests that this is synonymous with American freedom and refers to some specific examples in order to assess whether hate speeches should be protected under the First Amendment. The author contends that as long as we are free to judge the importance of what is being said for ourselves, then words should never be banned.
From the paper:
?Words are serious, not because they have any direct effect in their own right, but because words, and the ideas they express, are what we use to weigh up our own decisions, their likely effects, and our responsibilities. Words have consequences only if we choose to give them consequences.?
Abstract This paper is an in-depth examination of how to deal with the issue of hate speech. The author looks at the Constitution, specifically at the contradictions between the 14th Amendment and the concept of freedom of speech. The author looks at some of the commentary written by Jon Locke, or Jon Stuart Mill, and even Aristotle, on the problem of freedom of speech. The author presents historical and modern-day examples of some of the conflicts that have occurred in trying to determine the parameters of freedom of speech, and hate speech in our society.
From the Paper "John Locke would probably have weighed in on the importance of limiting the speech before it gets to the point where person feels that he or she is endangered. His empirical system of philosophy emphasized the importance of the experience of the senses in pursuit of knowledge rather than intuitive speculation or deduction. Having come into this world with our minds entirely free of innate conceptions, Locke argued that all human thought is based upon experience. And it is the experiences of minorities within American culture that makes them fear the consequences of hate speech; they have learned through their experiences in the world that bigoted speech easily and often turns into bigoted action (Dunn 48). Another essential part of Locke's philosophy was that all persons are born equal, which would no doubt incline him to value the equal protection of each person under the rule of law (Dunn 121)."
Abstract As colleges struggle to handle the various differences their students and faculty embody, the problem of "hate speech" has become a focal point of educational erudition and policy-making. The paper shows that in the most deliberate and alarming cases, hate speech is projected to degrade or disgrace those at whom it is directed, usually colored people, gays, lesbians, the physically or mentally challenged and women, regardless of their sexual orientation, race, religion or ability. This essay discusses the current dominant structure within which the matter of hate speech is being debated. This structure draws heavily on the discussion of the Fourteenth and the First Amendments, which in the author's opinion, are not adequate to cope with the issue of hate speech. There is a pressing need for extra-legal standards for communicative interaction to handle this sensitive issue.
From the Paper "Those discussing the hate speech on college campuses often support either the Fourteenth or the First Amendments, depending on their political preferences. Fourteenth Amendment advocates the value of "equal protection" while the First Amendment supports "freedom of speech". Due to this general tendency to rely more and more on various laws, it is not unexpected that hate speech should also be conceived legalistically."
Abstract This report discusses free speech, the constitution of the United States, the Bill of Rights, and the interpretation of the laws. The issue of the interpretation by the Supreme Court is discussed, to include recent cases regarding free speech. The paper further discusses the history of free speech, and broaches on the topic of the issues, controversies, and concepts that will decide the future of free speech in the country.
From the Paper "Freedom of speech in the United States has been a right that most Americans have clung to since the inception of the Constitution in 1787 ("Constitution"). John Paul Stevens discusses the fact that throughout history people have been persecuted for voicing their opinions about any number of concerns in their lives, and that they have been unjustly executed for allowing their voices to be heard (1293). Jesus Christ, Joan of Arc, and the Proctor family of Salem, Massachusetts were all victims of the world's intolerance of opinion. The Framers of the Constitutions believed that there were rights that each individual was entitled to, and that in the United States those rights had to be protected at all costs."
Abstract A discussion of whether political speech today is rhetorical. The paper analyses the meaning of rhetorical speech and how this is applied to political speech. The argument for and against the use of rhetorical speech in the political arena is discussed and its affects analyzed. The ideas of Beard are discussed and applied to present day politics.
From the Paper "Many individuals view rhetoric as a means of manipulation, not persuasion. When rhetoric is applied to political speech, therefore, it may be concluded that the politician is attempting to sway the public's opinion in a manner that is unjust and false. While rhetoric focuses on the appealing to emotion, religious values, and the structure and cultural value of the community, it can also be argued that rhetoric serves the public by inspiring them to alter the way in which society functions, and the paths that are elected for the future (Garsten 10). Beard discusses that rhetoric has three main parts in a political speech, repetition, contrast pairs and pronouns. These elements are evident in each political speech of substance that has affected the lives of its listeners profoundly. Arnold Schwarzenegger, having immigrated to the United States, participating in famous bodybuilding and movie careers, became.."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of free speech, with special emphasis on the American college campus. The writer argues that free speech should never be banned or regulated as it is a protected right under the United States Constitution. The author examines how today's college administrators wrestle with the idea of free speech at their institutions. The author concludes that free speech must exist in order for the Constitution to be protected and so students can continue to grow in their ability to ascertain fact from fiction.
Outline:
Introduction
The Subjectivity of it All
The Ultimate Decision
Conclusion
From the Paper "As much as most individuals will agree that certain speech is hurtful to others society by and large has the ability to correct itself by ignoring or shunning those who insist on voicing opinions that are unpopular or hateful and college students are capable of the same shunning which in turn brings pressure to the speech giver to cease and desist.
We cannot pick and choose which part of the constitution we are going to protect as the entire document embodies what the founding fathers intended when they put it together."
Are there absolute truths or is truth relative? A review of the philosophical concept of truth and an extended discussion of the movie, "Rashomon", to see if the question is even understandable.
Abstract This paper investigates the intelligibility of the philosophical understanding of truth as appearance and reality. After reviewing the nature of the philosophical picture of what constitutes truth, there is an extended discussion of an often-cited example of truth's relativity in the movie, "Rashomon". There is then a discussion of some other examples, which attempt to clarify the philosophical picture, only to conclude that the philosophical posing of truth and appearance is actually not yet understandable.
From the Paper "In Theaetetus Socrates quotes Protagoras with what is possibly the first clear statement of the relativist: that "man is the measure of all things" and that anything "is to me such as it appears to me, and is to you such as it appears to you"? (856, 152a) On the other hand, there is Plato's well-known allegory of the cave in the Seventh Book of the Republic, (747- 750, 514a-518b) in which he advances the notion that there is an ultimate truth that lies beyond our interpretations or appearances of that truth. But how understandable are both the notions of relativism and of an absolute truth?"
Abstract This essay examines the importance of advertising in today's society and analyses the representation of gender, race and class in today's advertising. The essay argues that gender and racial inequality and stereotyping are very much present in today's advertising and furthermore that this serves advertising needs. It also argues that advertising, combined with technology is a powerful tool in maintaining consumerist culture and that many corporations depend heavily on advertising for profit. Advertising is sophisticated, very well thought through and everywhere. It directly impacts our choices and often mirrors society.
Abstract In "On Liberty," Mill proves to be a staunch supporter of free speech. The writer begins the paper by analyzing his views. Using his own views as a basis, the paper argues that he would support banning racist speech on campus. It points to the restrictions Mill is willing to place on free speech as proof, mainly the harm clause.
From the Paper "In On Liberty, John Stuart Mill argues that no person or group of people, including the government, is ever justified in silencing someone's opinion. He begins by arguing that freedom of thought and freedom of speech are inseparable. After all, how meaningful is freedom of thought without freedom of speech? What good does it do us to be allowed freedom of thought while being denied the expression of that thought? Mill points out that by curbing freedom of speech, government would be taking something extremely important away from us. The government would be restricting not only our freedom of speech, but also our right to express our thoughts, and that's much more drastic."
Tags: free, freedom, john, liberty, mill, speech, stuart
