Abstract
In this article, the writer argues for truth-in-advertising regulation of marketing free speech. By considering a number of possible approaches, including regulating venues and forcing consumers to beware, the paper attempts to show that only a combination of consumer vigilance, business self-regulation, and government commitment will serve to promote good regulation. However the difficulty of defining acceptable speech is addressed.

From the Paper
"Among the many conflicts of the modern age perhaps none has been as characteristic of liberal society as the struggle between free market commerce and free speech. The question of whether business should have the right to advertise products freely and without limitation has a direct impact on the smooth functioning of the economy and such cultural factors as freedom of expression, social trust, and public cynicism. All of these factors in turn influence the society's standard of living. While consumers have, therefore, an interest in making certain that they are not misled by fraudulent or inaccurate product claims, they also benefit from ..."

Tags:business, advertising, regulation

Abstract
This paper discusses the struggle between free market commerce and free speech. It considers the question of what, if any, limitations ought to be placed upon commercial speech. It analyzes the arguments concerning the venues and content of advertising and then the paper attempts to draw conclusions about the need for regulation and the form it should take.

From the Paper
"Historically there have been a number of issues which have required addressing in order to analyze the appropriate place for advertising in a society. The first is where and how in the public space advertising should be allowed. The second is what types of content should be allowed. The issue of venue involves considerations of whether there are some places and times which should be immune from the intrusion of marketing speech, but also considerations of whether certain audiences - such as children - ought to be protected from advertising. The question of content involve concerns of whether business should be allowed to say anything it wants to say - and buyer beware! - or whether there should be some enforcement of truth-in-advertising policies that require businesses to be responsible and accurate in the information they relay about their products."

Tags:culture, marketing, consumers

Abstract
This paper describes how Sojourner Truth worked not only to free women but also to free her people that had been bound by slavery before then, as she was. The author points out that her self-educated views illustrated the foundation of the movement with her simple and clearly thought-out speeches. The paper states that Truth was one of the most important elements of the women's movement of her time and carried the responsibility of the Black female voice throughout her lifetime.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Her Life
The Women's Movement and Truth
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The basis for the women breaking support with each other was a statement made by Stanton during one of her public speaking engagements. It was at that time that Stanton vowed she would not vote for Blacks having the right to vote as long as women were not allowed to vote. Black women throughout the movement took issue with the one sided support. They believed that if they were supporting the women's movement then the white women suffragists should also support the Black movement, because in their mind oppression was oppression and it should all be fought against."

Tags:stanton, self-educated, oppression, slave

Abstract
This paper explains that, although people can make a case that advertising goes too far, by using sexual innuendo that is too graphic or targeting children who have not yet developed the ability to evaluate claims of the advertisement, the United States Constitution provides everyone in this country, including advertisers, a number of protections from regulatory abuse such as freedom of speech. The author points out that one of the most common criticisms is that advertising tries to sell us things we neither need nor want; however, in a capitalistic society, companies are allowed to encourage consumers to buy their products. This paper concludes that the video advertising is an important part of the U.S. economic system; the problems of this advertising can be managed.

From the Paper
"Perhaps one of the weakest criticisms of advertising is that it is intrusive. Probably every person could cite a commercial he or she found annoying and intrusive, and that is the test for the limits of free speech: one person's free speech cannot violate another person's right to not be harmed by that free speech. An example of this would be hate crimes. If someone's inflammatory speeches cause someone else to commit a hate crime, then the person's speech has gone too far, because it has led to harm. The issue isn't nearly as clear in advertising."

Tags:children, advantages, problems, information, freedom-speech

Abstract
Fast food advertising has been allowed to profess anything, from the "healthy quality" of their food to the food company's contribution to homeless kids. While fast food giants are quick to take any of their detractors to court for any erroneous allegations made by members of the public, it doesn't stop these same companies from committing libel themselves through their promotions. However, most fast food companies steer clear of making outrageous claims such any health benefits, preferring to concentrate on marketing their service's convenience, economy and perceived lifestyle. This paper endeavors to highlight this discrepancy in the industry and showcases three fast food companies and their advertising efforts in that regard.

From the Paper
"Fast food outlets have become the messiah for the millions of people out there who don't have more than five minutes to spare in grabbing a bite to eat or for the millions of mothers desperate for one night of not cooking dinner for the family. There is certainly a lot to choose from. All one has to do is switch on the television, turn on the radio, go to the cinemas or even walk down the street. People from all walks of life are bombarded each and every day with jingles and gimmicks and catchcries, inviting the consumer to partake of their fried or greasy menu. Some appeal to the consumer's need for convenience, others appeal to the consumer's economic constraints, and others appeal to the consumer's perceived utopian lifestyle. Some even go so far as to appeal to the consumer's interest in healthy eating. But are these appeals from fast food conglomerates based on truth or are they just trying to beef up their profits duplicitously? This paper endeavors to explore some claims that fast food companies have made in the past through their advertising. Three fast food giants will also be held under the microscope and studied for any evidence of duplicity through their advertising."

Tags:fast, food, advertising, health, food, industry, brand, nutrition

Abstract
Kellogg's Pop Tarts are a toasted form of breakfast pastry. Pop Tarts come in a variety of flavors, from fruit flavors to chocolate and S'mores varieties. In the wake of increased competition from a number of other toaster pastry products as well as children's cereal products, which are increasingly being packaged in 'on the go' types of formats, the author of the paper suggests and outlines an advertising campaign designed to boost consumer awareness of the product and increase sales.

Outline:
Name of Product
Name of Product and Brand
Brief description of the product/ brand
Brief description of competition
Description of the target market in some detail
Demographics
Psychographics
Behavior of Product buyer/ user
Media Selected
Justification for the media selection
Media Costs
CPM
Justification of copy or lack of copy
Headlines
Body Copy
Symbols/ Metaphors/ Figures of Speech
Justification of layout/ design
Overall layout
Unity/ Balance/ Informal Balance
Color/ Shape/ Symbols
Works Cited

From the Paper
"The market for any children's product is always somewhat difficult to define, for it encompasses both the child and the child's parents. Although children technically do not hold the purse strings in a household, the amount of money advertisers spend marketing to children is estimated at $15 billion dollars per year ("Facts about marketing to children," 2008, New American Dream). Foods such as Pop Tarts, which are high in sugar but taste good usually rely upon the crucial 'nag factor' whereby the child nags the parent to make the purchase. Parents who feel guilty because they are unable to make elaborate breakfasts for their children may also feel motivated to buy Pop Tarts for reasons in addition to their susceptibility to the 'nag factor.' Some nostalgic and time-pressed adults may turn to Pop Tarts as quick, convenient comfort breakfast or snacking food."

Tags:advertising, food, children, campaign, media, television, culture, society, money, market, website, consumers, surfing, image

Abstract
This paper answers the following questions: Is the probability that violent speech will result in violence actually being carried out sufficient to curtail such speech? Furthermore, is speech that urges or advocates violence and that shows how to engage in violent acts acceptable under the First Amendment? Finally, aside from legal solutions, what measures are available to national leaders and to private citizens to discourage incendiary hate and to promote civility and respect? And, the most important question of all - is violent speech a right? After considering each of these questions in turn, the paper concludes that violent speech is not a right because divergent opinions can be articulated without resorting to name-calling or to the threatening of others.

From the Paper
"This paper answers the following questions: Is the probability that violent speech will result in violence actually being carried out sufficient to curtail such speech? Furthermore, is speech that urges or advocates violence and that shows how to engage in violent acts acceptable under the First Amendment? Finally, aside from legal solutions, what measures are available to national leaders and to private citizens to discourage incendiary hate and to promote civility and respect? And, most of all - the most important question of all - is violent speech a right?"

Tags:free, speech, violence

Abstract
The paper looks at how several college campuses across the country have tried to address the issue of hate speech by passing regulations to control such speech, though this approach raises troubling questions about the limits of free speech and the degree to which any form of speech can be regulated. The paper discusses how the issue extends beyond speech today as haters have undertaken a new tactic by placing nooses on college campuses and in other locations as a silent threat to African-Americans. The paper discusses how hate speech codes were a response to a perceived problem but may have over-reacted by the way they were phrased.

From the Paper
"Several college campuses across the country have tried to address the issue of hate speech by passing regulations to control such speech, though this approach raises troubling questions about the limits of free speech and the degree to which any form of speech can be regulated. The issue extends beyond speech today as haters have undertaken a new tactic by placing nooses on college campuses and in other locations as a silent threat to African-Americans. Hate speech codes were a response to a perceived problem but may have over-reached by the way they were phrased. Many were ruled against by the courts, while others have generated opposition and been repealed. Still, the impetus to try to prevent hate..."

Tags:hate, speech, codes

Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of how to deal with the issue of hate speech. The author looks at the Constitution, specifically at the contradictions between the 14th Amendment and the concept of freedom of speech. The author looks at some of the commentary written by Jon Locke, or Jon Stuart Mill, and even Aristotle, on the problem of freedom of speech. The author presents historical and modern-day examples of some of the conflicts that have occurred in trying to determine the parameters of freedom of speech, and hate speech in our society.

From the Paper
"John Locke would probably have weighed in on the importance of limiting the speech before it gets to the point where person feels that he or she is endangered. His empirical system of philosophy emphasized the importance of the experience of the senses in pursuit of knowledge rather than intuitive speculation or deduction. Having come into this world with our minds entirely free of innate conceptions, Locke argued that all human thought is based upon experience. And it is the experiences of minorities within American culture that makes them fear the consequences of hate speech; they have learned through their experiences in the world that bigoted speech easily and often turns into bigoted action (Dunn 48). Another essential part of Locke's philosophy was that all persons are born equal, which would no doubt incline him to value the equal protection of each person under the rule of law (Dunn 121)."

Tags:speech, freedom, constitution, framers, locke, mill, aristotle, hate, democratic, ammendment, fourteenth, hate, internet, practice, law, racist, anti, gay, lesbian, doctrine, free, power, religious, economic, political, minorities, tyranny, choice

Abstract
This paper investigates the intelligibility of the philosophical understanding of truth as appearance and reality. After reviewing the nature of the philosophical picture of what constitutes truth, there is an extended discussion of an often-cited example of truth's relativity in the movie, "Rashomon". There is then a discussion of some other examples, which attempt to clarify the philosophical picture, only to conclude that the philosophical posing of truth and appearance is actually not yet understandable.

From the Paper
"In Theaetetus Socrates quotes Protagoras with what is possibly the first clear statement of the relativist: that "man is the measure of all things" and that anything "is to me such as it appears to me, and is to you such as it appears to you?" (856, 152a) On the other hand, there is Plato's well-known allegory of the cave in the Seventh Book of the Republic, (747- 750, 514a-518b) in which he advances the notion that there is an ultimate truth that lies beyond our interpretations or appearances of that truth. But how understandable are both the notions of relativism and of an absolute truth?"

Tags:rashomon, relativity, truth