Abstract
This essay provides a history of the United States' space program and its rationale for beginning such a program. It also gives information on the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to see who would be the first nation to put a man on the moon. It explains that when it looked as if the Soviets were ahead with the launching of the satellite Sputnik, America ultimately pulled through to finish first in the space race.

From the Paper
"The United States's main rationale for carrying out a space exploration program was the rivalry with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Both nations had the desire to demonstrate a technological superiority of one form of government over another: a democratic state versus a communist dictatorship. So after both sides became aware that space flight was possible, the Cold War rivalry was the key that opened the door to aggressive space exploration on both sides."

Tags:apollo, landing, moon, nasa, soviet, space, sputnik, union

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that at the end of World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States were locked into a bitter battle of military positioning and propaganda known as the Cold War. Stemming from this, as technology advancements showed the world the military capabilities of space exploration, the two nations began a fierce competition to rule space. The writer notes that while the competition was closely aligned with the arms race between the two countries during the Cold War, space technology also became an important part of the technological, cultural, ideological, and military rivalry between the two countries. The writer points out that while the space race developed from a vicious Cold War, the race ended in cooperation between two powerful nations. The writer then concludes that while the space race certainly advanced technology far beyond what would have occurred without such competition, the race also fostered and developed the technological, cultural, ideological, and military mindsets of both countries forever.

Outline:
Abstract
References

From the Paper
"Space exploration clearly offered numerous solutions to these issues for both superpowers. Space exploration and satellites could, scientists and military annalists believed, be used to spy on other countries, gathering photographic and location specific information regarding any technologies, military movements, or weapon storage. Additionally, the leaders of these countries believed that to beat the other to space would promote a concept of superiority, prowess, and military superiority. As the development of rocket technology increased, and as that technology advanced, space exploration became a feasible goal.
In 1947, the citizens of the United States had one of their first experiences with space, further fueling the flames for the Space Race. In July of that year, farmers in Roswell, NM discovered a crash site nearly three-fourths of a mile in width, consisting of metal, and other unfamiliar debris. A local sheriff called the military, who declared a few days later that a "flying disk" had crashed. Shortly thereafter, the statement was retracted, and replaced with stories of a downed weather balloon."

Tags:satellites, moon, rivalry, exploration, rocket

Abstract
This paper details of the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and how and why it was a show of power and superiority. The author looks many different aspects of the space race including, its purpose, how it was used to show the other country its weaknesses, how it enabled both countries to explore the uncharted vastness of space and find for it new military and how they attempted to use the moon as the ultimate propaganda tool.

From the Paper
"Even though Sputnik had no direct military impact, it showed the progress of the USSR in science and military and prompted the US government to pay more attention to its own missile operation (McGhee 331). The media played a major role in spurring the government to take action. Sputnik was front-page news on all the papers and it had all of America wondering how something like that could happen without anyone knowing (Schefter 23). At first the US government was not impressed by the Soviet's accomplishments. President Eisenhower felt that the U.S. people had acted like children and that no response to Soviet actions was necessary (Burrows 200). He felt that the US needed to toughen up for a long war they may have in the future and did not see the US as being in any competition with the Soviets (Burrows 200). He even went so far as to congratulate the Soviets on their accomplishments (McGhee 330)."

Tags:apollo, astronaut, cold, communist, cosmonaut, kennedy, moon, nasa, race, soviet, space, sputnik, union, vanguard, war, nuclear, warheads, superpower, weapons, orbit, technology, militarization, american, satellite, propaganda

Abstract
The paper discusses how, in the 1950s, the two superpowers of world affairs, the United States and the United Soviet Socialist Republic, engaged in a quest for ultimate power that would in time become known as the Cold War. The paper examines the competition between the nations, known as the Space Race. The paper further explores the meaning of the Space Race and its accomplishments within the context of the Cold War.

Outline:
Abstract
The Purpose of the Space Race
Time Well Spent and Energy Used Wisely?
Larger Purpose of the Space Race
Does Society Need This Kind of Enterprise?
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"From the point of view of the Americans, the Space Race also took on a much more significant purpose than simply showing that space exploration was possible; early in the consideration of the potential of space exploration and travel, it was realized that the technology and science that could be derived from an effective space program would have many uses, and in light of the possibility of Assured Destruction, defense was one of the most important. In the minds of the American government, the demise of communism was the key to winning the Cold War outright."

Tags:nuclear, weapons, moon, national, pride, Hitler, communism

Abstract
This paper discusses the Apollo 7 and Apollo 8 space missions and their overall effect on the United States' space race. It looks at the history behind the space race and climate in the United States at the time that the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) was first developing these missions. The paper concludes that these missions helped to revive American interest and motivate the public's support for NASA, as well as helped America to take a definite lead in the space race against the Soviets.

From the Paper
"Remembering the Apollo 8 mission, William Anders stated, "The biggest surprise of the mission was to see the first Earthrise over the moon and to realize that the Earth was even more interesting than the moon. I consider the moon voyages a technical feat, a political feat." Apollo 8 was indeed both of these. The Apollo 7 and 8 missions were vital ingredients in the overall victory for America in the space race. They helped to revive American interest and motivate the public's support for NASA. They also helped America to take a definite lead in the space race against the Soviets and use this momentum to continue to the moon. Lastly, they helped to prove that the moon was a feasible goal, and that Kennedy's idea of putting a man on the moon before the decade was out was more than possible."

Tags:NASA, moon, voyage, astronaut, lunar, landing

Abstract
The paper posits that, with the launching of Sputnik I, a space race emerged, which cemented the conflict between the Soviet Union and the US. The paper illustrates how, because of the space race, hostility between the Soviet Union and the US increased, prompting America to create a Western alliance to combat the new threats.

From the Paper
"Mid-20th century signified the emergence of a significant event that defined the future development of countries all over the world, in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres of the world. During this period, the Cold War developed as a result of the containment policy that the United States had propagated, in response to the increasing support and popularity of Communism in Asian and East European countries. Cues from Communist countries like the Soviet Union bloc elicited corresponding responses from champions of democracy such as the US. What emerged, then, was a competition between Communism and democracy, represented primarily by the Soviet Union and US, respectively."

Tags:Communism, democracy, satellite, technology, military, capabilities

Abstract
This essay discusses social geography - that is, the way in which geography intersects with social, economic, and demographic issues. Namely, the essay addresses the issue of "race and space". The writer looks at how race is distributed across a given urban landscape, and the implications. In light of this, two Canadian cities - Toronto and Vancouver - are examined in this article.

From the Paper
"Social geography, as the name implies, refers to the intersecting of geography with social issues such as economic, ethnic, racial and religious distribution of people within a given space. Though there are issues related to social geography in literally every geographic area, they are, on a small scale, particularly easy to identify and interpret in certain North American centers; these cities tend to have very high levels of immigration, much of which involves the entry of people who are racial or ethnic minorities."

Tags:social, geography, race

Abstract
The paper outlines the history of the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union, and how it became a symbol of diplomatic power. The paper discusses America's successful Apollo missions and the landing of Armstrong on the moon, but then describes the near disaster of the Apollo 13 mission. The paper shows how while the space program in the United States became a popular culture icon, the Russian space program was not as successful and was mainly for military purposes. The paper then looks at the future of space travel and its potential for humanity.

Outline:
History of the Space Race
Apollo 13 and Near Disaster
Meanwhile in Russia
Where Do We Go from Here?

From the Paper
"On July 20, 1969, the United States accomplished the impossible. It was on this day that Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins set world history. On this day, this crew landed on the moon, finally proving once and for all that America led the world in technology and achievements. In the beginning, there were only two contenders in the race. However, recently, others are beginning to enter into the picture. In order to understand this fascination with the great beyond, one must understand the original race for space and the two superpowers that duked it out.
"After WWII, the European powers were in disarray with no clear leader. The US and the Soviet Union used propaganda and alliances to attempt to gain coveted influence (Parks). The race for space became a symbol of worldly position. There was more at stake in the race for space then reputation. As the two superpowers pitted against one another, the rest of the world had to decide which side they would support. The race for space would "prove" which side was the best pick for a teammate. Winning the race for space would give the winner a clear diplomatic advantage over the loser. This was the real importance of the space race."

Tags:Sputnik, Apollo, missions, moon, Armstrong, astronauts, NASA

Abstract
This paper discusses why the American space program was worth the cost. It presents a retrospective history of the program with regards to its impact on the U.S. economy and way of life. It shows how the 1969 trip to the moon allowed many new technologies, which would normally take decades of development to be refined in the private sector, to crystallize in mere years. Technologies like cell phones, TV, the Internet, and many others got their start during the American 'space race'.

From the Paper
"Besides its obvious benefits to the technology sector, when a project of the space program's magnitude is attempted, there are inherent benefits to the entire economy. The Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs cost the government approximately 25 billions dollars in 1960's money. It terms of the 60's GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, the space program gave the US economy an additional yearly growth rate of 2.6%, from 1959-1970. In a good year of growth, the US economy will grow from 3 to 5%. That means that because of the Apollo program alone, the GDP growth rate was nearly twice what it would have been without the governments influx of cash. Aside from the money that was pumped into the economy, thousand of jobs were created to build all of the millions of parts that were used during the decade of the space program."

Tags:john, kennedy, mondale, nasa, apollo

Abstract
This paper discusses how the character of the development of military uses of space has changed since the end of the Cold War although the race for military development has not slowed down. The paper also touches on cooperation in the joint development of space stations. The aims and objectives of nations desiring to control space is also examined. The paper concludes with a look at future military uses of space.

From the Paper
"Traveling to moon and beyond had always been the passion of the humankind. The journey towards unlimited frontiers of space started with Russian USSR Sputnik which was followed by USA's Apollo spacecraft. Several advanced nations also followed in the footsteps of the pioneers by launching several spacecrafts for civilian purposes, survey meteorological communication and so forth. The military use of space was on the high agenda of the super powers during Cold War. The military use of space was formally introduced..."

Tags:space, military, Spunik, Apollo spacecraft, Cold War, Star Wars missile defense