Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the great variety of modern sonnet forms in the works of Irving Layton, George Bowering, and Phyllis Webb. It maintains that, by understanding the tenets of free verse that accompany fourteen lines presented in stanza formation, the poetry of Layton and Webb show a similarity in line structure, yet they often stray from the haiku form used by Webb. The paper points out that the poetry of Bowering offers a stilted lack of fourteen-line combinations, despite the rhyme scheme of the traditional sonnet form. At the same time, he offers a free verse sensibility that is modern in the forms used by Webb and Layton. In conclusion, the paper holds that all three of these poets project an individualistic and modern adaptation of the sonnet form.

From the Paper
"George Bowering's "Summer Solstice" provides a very similar usage of iambic pentameter, very much in line with Layton's style. However, the reliance on fourteen line verses are missing from Bowering's organization of poems overall parts. The first part of the poem represents a distinct introduction that his poem is being based on the traditional fourteen-line sonnet, but this is the only recognizable aspect of the eleven parts he provides as a continuum of his overall form."

Tags:poetry, Canadian, literature, poem, modern

Abstract
This paper discusses Shakespeare, who usually known for his plays, also wrote over one hundred and fifty sonnets. The paper takes a look at how, in some of these sonnets, like the beautiful and ethereal Sonnet 18, "Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?" we find Shakespeare following the Petrarchan model of regarding the beloved as the Donna Angelicata. However, in Sonnet 130, "My Mistress' Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun," Shakespeare clearly moves away from the earlier model and presents a lover that is both more realistic, and human.

Tags:shakespeare, sonnets, literature

Abstract
In this paper, a connection is drawn between Shakespeare's Sonnets 57 and 58, which are one of a number of thematic pairs that occur within the larger sequence of poems, to show that the Sonnets not only function as a pair, but that the order in which they occur in the Quarto of 1609 is essential to their meaning.

From the Paper
"Shakespeare's Sonnets 57 and 58 are one of a number of thematic pairs or small groups that occur within the larger sequence and subsequences of poems. Indeed the similarity between them is significant enough that one might wonder on first reading if one does not render the other redundant. But close reading of the poems shows that they not only function as a pair but that the order in which they occur in the Quarto of 1609 is essential to their meaning."

Tags:sequence, of, the, Sonnets, thematic, connection

Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of literary techniques such as scenic imagery, contradictions, and inspiring diction in these three different sonnets. In addition, it compares how these techniques are used differently in the three sonnets.

From the Paper
""A poem is the very image of life expressed in its eternal truth." This quote by Percy Byshe Shelley, explains the definition of poetry. Poetry, in some cases, is written to express emotional messages. Poems in the form of sonnets often convey strong messages of love. To convey these messages, poets often use scenic imagery, contradictions, and inspiring diction."

Tags:literary, love, poetry, sonnets, techniques

Abstract
This paper examines Shakespeare's use of the theme of time-as-destroyer, in three of the sonnets: No's 64, 65, and 73. Shakespeare's poetic techniques are analyzed in detail. Some of these include meter, alliteration, antithesis, syllogism, personification, ploce, and chiasmus. In order to demonstrate these different techniques, the author makes extensive comparisons between the three sonnets.

From the Paper
"The poem is an apostrophe, addressed to the absent (or at least voiceless) lover. It says these things you may see in me: that I am aging, that I am like a setting sun, that I must soon die. But because you see this impermanence, this fading or deterioration, you only love me more. Now, impermanence has become a positive thing, fueling the love his beloved has for him.
"The imagery in this sonnet is gentler than that of the two others. There, we had raging, engulfing oceans, and battering days, and rocks and brass and hard, indomitable things. Now, the imagery is of yellowing leaves, and boughs that once had sweet singing birds on them. The giving over to inevitable death is not one raged against, but is a sweet thing like the setting of a sun. His late stage of life is being compared with fading light, and with night which is "death's second self that seals up all in rest." We are being eased into death here, being made to think of it as slumber."

Tags:alliteration, beauty, chiasmus, courtly, elizabethan, literature, love, personification, ploce, poetry, shakespeare, sonnets, theme, time, life, imagery, repetition, couplet, technique, contrast

Abstract
This paper discusses the theme of idealism as reflected in the works of Chaucer and Shakespeare. In particular, the paper examines Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" and Shakespeare's Sonnets 18, 116 and 130. The discussion and analysis demonstrates how both authors' works illustrate the prevalence of their ideals: for Chaucer, his ideals on what religion and expression of faith should be, and for Shakespeare, how love is and should be.

From the Paper
"Influenced by the ideology of idealism during his time, Chaucer reflected his ideals of Christianity and its followers through The Pardoner's Tale of "The Canterbury Tales." Like the other tales in "Canterbury," the Pardoner's tale is a satire meant to criticize the society that Chaucer lived in during his period. While in some of the tales, Chaucer did not explicitly expressed his disagreement with and criticism of the rampant corruption and hypocrisy within the Church and among its elements (the clergy and the lay), in the Pardoner's tale, these issues were addressed and made explicit through the persona of the Pardoner."

Tags:William, Shakespeare, love, sonnets, Geoffrey, Chaucer, The, Canterbury, Tales

Abstract
This paper analyzes the meaning of several poems by William Wallis from his Sonnets, such as "This is the Devil's Own Work" or "The Critic", in which the poet compares the act of criticism to a burglary. Criticism is seen as an act of scraping off layers to seek evidence and as similar to discovering the nature of a burglary by looking at the broken windows.

From the Paper
""This is the devil's own work, or the critic's" In this sonnet, the poet compares the act of criticism to a burglary. Criticism is seen as an act of scraping off layers to seek evidence and as similar to discovering the nature of a burglary by looking at the broken windows. The critic in this case is named Mr. Lane (whether this is a real person or not is not indicated in the poem itself). As a critic, says the poet, "His squint at the surface brilliance shows/ The success of my method and elbows," the elbows linking back to the idea of cleaning the windows before the house is burgled."

Tags:william, wallis, sonnets

Abstract
The work contains an analytical description of the sonnets of William Shakespeare- including substantive breakdown of content, subject matter and historical influences. It includes actual citation of various key lines in the poems.

From the Paper
"The sonnets of Shakespeare, commonly mistaken as odes of love to a young woman, can be divided into three main sections, all of which contain the contextual message of love, praise, and advice to a beautiful young man and his journey into his older years. The introduction (1-17) speaks of the beauty of the young man; he is so good looking, so worthy, that he must procreate to sustain such a superior lineage. It can be said that this fair young lad "grows up" in sonnets 18 to 125, wherein the author boasts that the man will live eternally in these words. Though not actually considered a story in the linear fashion, the Sonnets weave an intricate pattern of repetition and contradiction that suggests the beauty of life and the pratfalls than invariably must be met."

Tags:dark, lady, shakespeare, sonnets

Abstract
This paper analyzes two sonnets, "Written in the Church-Yard at Middleton in Sussex " and "On Being Cautioned against Walking on an Headland Overlooking the Sea, Because It Was Frequented by a Lunatic" by the British Romantic writer, Charlotte Smith. The paper examines important themes of the Romantic Period as expressed in these sonnets, such as social reform, deep emotion, and nature. The reviewer also discusses Charlotte Smith's role as a Romantic writer and her use of the sonnet form.

From the Paper
"The first one of these poems that involves themes of freedom and constraint is "Written in the Church-Yard at Middleton in Sussex." The constraint in this poem, for the speaker, is life itself. The speaker is "doom'd" (ln. 13), oppressed "by life's long storm" (ln. 13) and "gaze[s] with envy" (ln. 14) on the "gloomy rest" (ln. 14) of the dead. Although a specific reason is never given for the speaker's melancholy, readers can see the correlation to general themes of writing that were emerging at the beginning of the Romantic Period."

Tags:sonnet, smith, lunatic, freedom, constraint

Abstract
This paper analyzes Beatrice Webb's writing on society that illustrates how it embodies and/or extends the views of others of her era such as Karl Marx and Jane Austen. It also discusses Webb's concern with labor and her socialist philosophy.

From the Paper
"The views of Beatrice Potter Webb on society were in large measure an extension of social views espoused by Jane Austen and economic views of social structure derived from Marx's views on capitalism."

Tags:gender, industrialism, socialism, capitalism, Marx, Austen, labor, women